RANGE OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA, IN APPLES AND PEACHES IN ONTARIO

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Dustan
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractSurveys in unsprayed apple orchards indicated that the oriental fruit moth, whose principal hosts are peach and apple, does not occur in continuing populations on apple beyond the range of commercial peach orchards in Ontario. Moths released in an apple orchard 25 mi from the nearest peach orchard did not result in an infestation after the first winter. High winter mortality due to low temperatures and the unsuitability of apple for the first generation of the moth probably are the main reasons it does not establish continuing infestation on apple alone.

PARASITISM OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN AN UNSPRAYED PEACH ORCHARD ON THE NIAGARA PENINSULA, ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. H. Phillips ◽  
Jean R. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Peach Orchard

Abstract Eight species of insects parasitic on the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), were reared from host larvae collected in a peach orchard that was unsprayed since 1962. Macrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer was the dominant species and parasitized between 40 and 50% of first and second generation larvae from 1964 to 1966. Despite this the parasite did not appear to be a controlling factor in these years and population fluctuations of the fruit moth resulted from other causes. In 1967 parasitism rose sharply to 61% in the first generation and 74% in the second. Low adult emergence in the second generation was related directly to the increased parasitism. Effectiveness of the parasite depended both on its numbers and degree of synchronization with the development of the moth population. To determine its total effect parasitism must be measured throughout each generation of the fruit moth, because in most years it tended to reach a maximum early in the generation and then gradually decline.

The Strawberry Leaf Roller, Ancylis comptana fragariae (Walsh and Riley) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), as a Source of Overwintered Macrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Ontario

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1022-1023
Author(s):  
Wm. L. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractMacrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer overwintered in larvàe of the strawberry leaf roller, Ancylis comptana fragariae (Walsh & Riley), at the rate of from 544 to 7,623 per acre of strawberry field. Not more than 300 per acre of peach orchard, could be expected to overwinter in larvae of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck). About half of the larvae of M. ancylivorus in leaf rollers did not survive the winter.

Mating Behaviour of the Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Dustan
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Bait Traps ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractExperiments and observations on Oriental fruit moths in cages and in a peach orchard showed that both males and females may mate more than once. The maximum recorded number of matings was 7 for males and 5 for females. Mating usually occurred in the late afternoon and early evening during the daily flight and egg-laying period. Males seldom mated oftener than once in 24 hours and they transferred only one spermatophore to the female per mating. In cages, males mated approximately 1.4 times each when confined with equal numbers of females. Of the females taken in bait traps in a peach orchard, an average of 2.9% had not mated, 78.8% had mated once, 14.6% twice, and 3.7% more than twice. The mating behaviour of the Oriental fruit moth was shown to be similar to that of the codling moth.

STUDIES OF FECUNDITY AND BEHAVIOUR OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), ON THE NIAGARA PENINSULA OF ONTARIO

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1024-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. H. Phillips ◽  
Jean R. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractUnsprayed apple trees measurably increased the numbers of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), in adjacent peach trees in only 1 of 4 years, though the apples were rather heavily infested. The moth became evenly dispersed throughout a previously uninfected peach orchard within three generations. Caged orchard trees were unsatisfactory for studying behaviour because the environment within the cages differed from that in the orchard. Experimental studies indicated that fecundity of the females was variable between years and generations and a varying proportion laid no eggs. Intraspecific competition between newly hatched larvae occurred at low egg densities; egg mortality was small but mortality of newly hatched larvae was large.

The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. V. The Predacious Thrips Haplothrips faurei Hood

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. MacPhee
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mite Eggs

Lord (1949) listed the predators of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch.), in Nova Scotia and described the effects of a number of chemicals on them. Among the more important predators is the thrips Haplothrips faurei Hood. This thrips, however, does not confine its feeding to European red mite eggs but readily attacks the eggs of many other mites and insects. There is strong evidence that it is one of the most important biotic factors in the natural control of insect and mite pests in Nova Scotia apple orchards. It and another species, Leptothrips mali (Fitch), are the only thrips of economic significance, and H. faurei, because of its greater numbers, is the more important. A description of the life-history of L. mali was given by Bailey (1940), who also (1939) studied the biology of another thrips, Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Perg.), which is of minor importance in Nova Scotia. The only other predacious thrips found is a species bclieved to be Zygothrips minutus Uzel, which occurs only rarely and in small numbers. Haplothrips subtilissimus Hal. (later identified as H. faurei), was found by Putman (1942) in Ontario to be predacious on phytophagons mites and the eggs of oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta Busck.

Effects of trap height, location, and spacing on pheromone-baited trap catch efficacy for oriental fruit moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in a peach orchard

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N. Kong ◽  
R.S. Hu ◽  
Z.G. Zhao ◽  
J. Li ◽  
Z.W. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Trap Height ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractThe establishment of standardised methods for monitoring the oriental fruit moth Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) requires the identification of factors that significantly affect trap catch efficacy. We examined the effects of trap height, trap location, and inter-trap spacing on trap catches in a conventional peach orchard. Traps were placed at heights of up to 3.0 m above the ground and sets of nine traps were positioned in grids with inter-trap distances of 10–50 m to determine the optimum trap height, location, and spacing. Traps were checked daily over 10 days for males during four periods corresponding to peak moth flight. Moth catches were higher when traps were placed toward the tops (2.5 m) and outside the canopy (3.0 m). Moth catches in traps located upwind and outside tended to be higher than in the central trap for all inter-trap distances. When inter-trap distances were shorter than 30 m, interference between traps occurred. Our results provide an efficient trap distribution for monitoring G. molesta in peach orchards.

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN AN ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARD

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. H. Phillips ◽  
Jean R. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractMethods of sampling to measure factors affecting fluctuations of a population of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), on the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario were investigated from 1963 to 1967 in peach orchards in which no insecticides were used during the study. In most years females tended to be distributed evenly throughout the orchard and even at low fruit moth densities the trees were relatively evenly infested. Several sampling methods gave estimates of the numbers of larvae overwintering in the orchard only within wide limits but indicated that the numbers were probably small in all years. Eggs could be sampled but it was not practicable at the low densities of the moth in this study. No satisfactory method of sampling summer cocoons or adults was found. Destructive sampling of the larvae, in which they were removed from the trees and reared to maturity on green apples, gave the most precise estimates of numbers in each generation. The method also gave a measure of mortality, parasitism, and times and duration of each generation.

scholarly journals Occurrence of oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) in apple orchards in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
P.L. Lo ◽  
J.T.S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
The South ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Major Pest

Grapholita molesta (Oriental Fruit Moth OFM) primarily infests stonefruit but overseas it has adapted to pipfruit and become a major pest of apples and pears in some places The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of OFM in New Zealand apple orchards Pheromone trapping was conducted in five apple growing regions in 201415 and repeated in Hawkes Bay and Nelson in 201516 No OFM was found in Gisborne (three orchards) Nelson (six) or Central Otago (seven) but it was recorded on one of six Waikato orchards In Hawkes Bay OFM occurred on 23/36 orchards although on 15 properties le;7 moths/trap/year were caught However traps in two orchards caught over 100 moths/year The few OFM collected on some orchards may have been strays from nearby stonefruit orchards but the high numbers in these two apple orchard blocks suggested the populations were established The implications of OFM becoming an apple pest or reaching the South Island are discussed

scholarly journals Several New Aspects of the Foraging Behavior ofOsmia cornifronsin an Apple Orchard

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Matsumoto ◽  
Tsutomu Maejima
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

We investigated the foraging behavior ofOsmia cornifronsRadoszkowski, which is a useful pollinator in apple orchards consisting of only one kind of commercial cultivars such as “Fuji”, and of different types of pollinizers, such as the red petal type, “Maypole” or “Makamik”. It was confirmed that, in terms of the number of foraging flowers per day, visiting flowers during low temperatures, strong wind, and reduced sunshine in an apple orchard,O. cornifronswere superior to honeybees. We indicated thatO. cornifronsseemed to use both petals and anthers as foraging indicator, and that not only female, but also males contributed to apple pollination and fertilization by the pollen grains attached to them from visiting flowers, including those at the balloon stage. It was confirmed thatO. cornifronsacts as a useful pollinator in an apple orchard consisting of one kind of cultivar with pollinizers planted not more than 10 m from commercial cultivars.

Hedgerow barriers and other reduced-risk controls for managing Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apples

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Garcia-Salazar ◽  
Larry J. Gut ◽  
Mark E. Whalon
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Early Migration ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractManagement of Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), in apple using an ‘Enhanced Integrated Pest Management (IPM)’ program comprised of a hedgerow barrier, pheromone-based mating disruption and reduced-risk [non-organophosphorous (OP) or carbamate] insecticides was investigated over a 5-year period. The barrier was comprised of a planting of three rows of hybrid poplar, Populus deltoides Bartr.×Populus nigra L., one row of Italian alder, Alnus cordata L. (nectar reward), and one row of white pine, Pinus strobus L. The hedgerow completely surrounded the perimeter of the apple orchard and was treated with garlic and a low rate of pyrethroid insecticide in 4 of the 5 years. The Enhanced IPM program significantly reduced G. molesta populations as measured by moth captures in pheromone traps. Captures of G. molesta were significantly higher in apple orchards treated with OP and carbamate insecticides, ‘Conventional IPM’, and either not surrounded by the hedgerow or with the barrier present but not treated with the repellent compounds. To explain these differences in G. molesta control, and the potential non-lethal effect of hedgerow barriers on G. molesta orchard colonization, we studied the adult vertical movement in a traditional unsprayed standard apple orchard at three different heights: 0.95, 1.95 and 3.20 m, respectively. In the overwintering generation at a height of 0.95 and 1.95 m, the mean number of moths captured per sampling period was 14.64 and 14.84, respectively, and only 2.95 at 3.20 m. However, the number of individuals captured in the second and third generations was not significantly different at the three different heights. Fruit damage evaluated before ‘June drop’ closely corresponded to the distribution of moths captured during the overwintering generation. Fruit damage at a height of 1.95 and 3.20 m was 5.8 and 3.5%, respectively. These results indicated that G. molesta is a weak flyer and that hedgerow barriers exerted some influence in the colonization of the orchard by limiting the free movement of adults from the overwintering generation. Thus, hedgerow barriers seem to limit early migration and establishment of G. molesta in the orchard. This in turn may reduce the size of the following generations and makes subsequent control easier under the Enhanced IPM program.

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