Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae) X. Field Identification of Laricobius erichsonii Rosen. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Brown ◽  
R. C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The Past ◽  
Considerable Promise ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Field Workers

Over the past ten years a number of exotic predators have been introduced into New Brunswick and other parts of North America as part of a biological control program against the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.). Several of these have become established and others show considerable promise. As introductions continue it becomes exceedingly important that field workers be able to distinguish rapidly all stages of introduced and native predators. Field identification characters for some species (Chamaemyiidae and Syrphidae) have been published in previous papers in this series (Brown and Clark, 1956, 1960; Clark and Brown, 1957) and have been found to be very useful.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae), VII. Laricobius rubidus Lec. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a Predator of Pineus strobi (Htg.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Clark ◽  
N. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The Past ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae

Although Laricobius rubidus LeConte (1861, 1866) is not a common predator of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), this paper is included in the series because of the close taxonomic similarities of L. rubidus in all stages to the recently introduced L. erichsonii Rosenh. In the past there has been confusion in the literature because the majority of records of rubidus have been erroneously attributed to erichsonii. These records have been discussed in detail in a paper on L. erichsonii, a species which has been introduced into North America as part of a biological control program against A. piceae (Clark and Brown, 1958).

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): XI. Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz. (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), An Introduced Predator in Eastern Canada

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Clark ◽  
N. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Introduced Predator ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Commonwealth Institute ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Research Institute

Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz. is one of the complex of predators that attacks A. piceae (Ratz.) in Europe. After studies on its morphology, biology, and distribution were made by Delucchi and Pschorn-Walcher (1954), C. nigrocellulata was reared in Europe by the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control and introduced into New Brunswick via the Entomology Research Institute for Biological Control, Belleville, Ontario.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid,Adelges piceae(Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): III. Field Identification and some Notes on the Biology ofNeoleucopis pinicolaMall. (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Clark ◽  
N. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae

Neoleucopis pinicolaMall. is a common predator on the pine bark aphid,Pineus strobi(Htg.) in New Brunswick. The host adelgid occurs throughout most of the United States and southern Canada on white pine,Pinus strobus, L., Scots pine,Pinus sylvestrisL., and Austrian pine,Pinus nigraArnold (Craighead, 1950). It is also an occasional predator on the balsam woolly aphid,Adelges piceae(Ratz.) (Brown and Clark, 1956b). No reference toN. pinicolawas found in the literature other than Malloch's (1921) description.

A Laboratory Method for Rearing Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae),

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 696-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Clark ◽  
N. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Syrphid Larvae

In a previous paper (Clark and Brown, 1959) a field cage was described for rearing syrphid larvae and other predators of the balsam woolly aphid. The cages proved satisfactory in the field but some method was necessary to supplement the results with data for individual predators reared in the laboratory under controlled conditions.In the past, attempts to rear predator larvae in the laboratory on small pieces of infested bark proved unsatisfactory because of the difficulties of keeping the bark moist and suitable for prey development and preventing the growth of moulds on the prey, the bark, and the containers. In most cases when small petri dishes or other containers were used the prey or predators died before rearing was complete or the individuals which survived were unhealthy and not representative of normal prey or predator development.

A Note on the Occurrence of Sipha agropyrella Hille Ris Lambers (Homoptera: Aphidae) in Manitoba

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
New Record ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
First Record

On October 16, 1956, during a routine monthly check of the Nurses Residence, Selkirk Mental Hospital, Selkirk, Manitoba, a professional exterminator noticed “thousands” of very small insects in a basement office. A number were submitted to the writer for identification and found to be aphids, which were later very kindly identified by W. R. Richards, Insect Systematics and Biological Control Unit, Ottawa, as Sipha agropyrella (H.R.L.). Richards stated (in litt.): “This is the first record of this species west of Ontario.” MacGillivray (1956) records the finding of this species in 1950 in New Brunswick as a new record for North America.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): IV. Neoleucopis obscura (Hal.) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), an Introduced Predator in Eastern Canada

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 533-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Brown ◽  
R. C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Introduced Predator ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Adelges Piceae

Early in the present century the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), was introduced accidentally into North America. The history of its development and spread in the United States and Canada has been described by Balch (1952). At the present time, the adelgid occurs in eastern Canada over approximately the southern half of New Brunswick with an extension of the range in the extreme northeastern part of the Province, throughout Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, and in some areas of the southwestern and southeastern parts of Newfoundland.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): IX. Pullus impexus (Muls.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), An Introduced Predator in Eastern Canada,

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1162-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Clark ◽  
N. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Available Information ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lower Population

Pullus impexus (Muls.) is one of many species of predators that have been introduced into Eastern Canada since 1933 as part of a biological control program against the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) Delucchi (1954) has published many details of the systematics, biology, and natural control of this species in Europe where he found it to be associated with all A. piceae infestations. According to Pschorn-Walcher and Zwölfer (1960), it is one of a group of predators that are usually associated with lower population densities of A. piceae and other related adelgids, rhan are Aphidoletes thompsoni Möhn and Laricobius erichsonii Rosen. Because it is common on adelgid infestations in Europe and because it can easily be reared en masse, large numbers have been released in North America. The purpose of the present paper is to bring together available information on releases, life-history and natural control, and control value of this species, obtained from studies carried out over the past nine years in New Brunswick.

Biological Control of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) in the Salmon River Canyon of Idaho

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Birdsall ◽  
George P. Markin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Centaurea Solstitialis ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Yellow Starthistle ◽  
Vegetation Monitoring ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
The Past ◽  
Insect Populations

AbstractYellow starthistle is an invasive, annual, spiny forb that, for the past 30 yr has been steadily advancing up the Salmon River Canyon in west central Idaho. In 1994, a decision was made to attempt to manage yellow starthistle by establishing a complex of biological control agents in a containment zone where the weed was most dense. Between 1995 and 1997, six species of seedhead-attacking insects were introduced and successfully established. By 1999, the insects had spread through the entire containment zone. Following this dispersal, a rapid buildup of insect populations occurred, and, since 2003, seed destruction has fluctuated around 90%. Vegetation monitoring plots, however, have shown no consistent decline in the overall population of yellow starthistle, indicating that the amount of seed produced is still sufficient to allow full replacement. However, county weed control personnel, who are responsible for surveying and destroying outlying populations of yellow starthistle beyond the containment zone, report that, during this period, the number of new, isolated pockets of yellow starthistle they are finding has dropped dramatically. This case study discusses how the biological control program partially met the objective of managing yellow starthistle by reducing the rate of advance of this weed in the Salmon River Canyon.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID IN NEWFOUNDLAND

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Carroll ◽  
D. G. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Climatic Control ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Two Generations

The balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), first recorded in Newfoundland in 1949, is now the most serious forest insect pest in the Province, having spread over an area of more than 1,600 square miles. Its host is balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. There are three separate infestations, the largest and most important being in southwestern Newfoundland. The aphid has two generations a year. A biological control program was initiated in 1952 and seven species of predators have been released, three of which are established. Silvicultural and climatic control factors are discussed and the possibilities for the extension of outbreaks are considered.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): II. An Annotated List of the Predators Associated with the Balsam Woolly Aphid in Eastern Canada

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 678-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Brown ◽  
R. C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adelges Piceae

The present paper is the second of a series arising from a continuing study of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), and its biological control. The history of this introduced insect has been described (Balch, 1952). During the course of our studies a number of records of species associated with A. piceae have been obtained.

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