Carabids Collected in a DDT-sprayed Peach Orchard in Ontario (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. C. Herne
Keyword(s):  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Peach Orchard

AbstractAt least 25 species of Carabidae were caught in pitfall traps in a DDT-sprayed Ontario peach orchard, the commonest being Pterostichus melanarius (Ill.). Harpalus pennsylvanicus (Dej.), Agonoderus lecontei Chd., Amara (Curtonotus) pennsylvanica Hayw., Anadaptus sanctaecrucis (F.) and Anisodactylus rusticus Say. Fewer P. melanarius were caught in plots where foliar sprays of DDT were used most recently, but a rather large and varied population of carabids persisted in all plots despite the application of DDT for as long as ten years.

GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) AS PREDATORS OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer A.C. Hagley ◽  
W.R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Amara Aenea

AbstractPterostichus melanarius Ill. was the predominant ground beetle recovered in pitfall traps in three blocks of apple trees at Jordan Station, Ont. In one block, C, the number of mature fifth-instar larvae of Cydia pomonella (L.) seeking overwintering sites was related significantly (r2 = 0.5476, P < 0.05) to the number of P. melanarius caught, but was not related significantly (r2 = 0.1181, P > 0.10) to the proportion of beetles that were serologically positive. The proportion of larvae pupating also was not related significantly (r2 = 0.2014, P > 0.10) to the number of P. melanarius. The total number of all predators caught was related significantly (r2 = 0.4490, P < 0.05) to the number of larvae present, but the proportion of larvae that pupated was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3606, P > 0.05) to the total number of predators.In block A, in 1983–1985, the number of mature larvae of C. pomonella seeking overwintering sites was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3763, 0.3619, and 0.5042, P > 0.05, respectively) to the number of P. melanarius taken in pitfall traps. In both blocks A and B, the number of serologically positive beetles was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3824 and 0.7921, P > 0.10, respectively) to the number of larvae seeking overwintering sites.Amara aenea DeG., Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis F., Bembidion quadrimaculatum oppositum Say, Clivinia impressifrons LeC., Diplochaeila impressicolis (Dej.), Harpalus aeneus F., and Pterostichus chalcites Say also gave positive serological reactions to the antiserum against C. pomonella.The occurrence of other species of Lepidoptera did not affect significantly the results obtained for C. pomonella.

scholarly journals Carabid beetle assemblages (Coleoptera) in a wooded meadow and in the adjacent habitats on the Saaremaa Island, Estonia

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tõnu Talvi
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Carabid beetles were sampled by using pitfall traps during one season in traditionally managed wooded meadow and in adjacent habitats (dry meadow, deciduous forest and spruce forest) on Saaremaa Island, Estonia. A total of 2356 carabids belonging to 35 species were caught. The number of species and species diversity were highest in the wooded meadow and lowest in the dry meadow. In the wooded meadow, the dominant species were Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) and P. niger, (Schaller), which counted together for 49% of the total sample. The highest number of scarce species was found in the wooded meadow. Similarity of the carabid assemblages was highest between the two types of forests. The carabid assemblage in the wooded meadow was most similar to that of the deciduous forest; the values of similarity of wooded meadow versus spruce forest and wooded meadow versus dry meadow were only slightly lower. The results indicate that high biodiversity level of the wooded meadow can be maintained only through continuous traditional management.

Diversity and seasonal density of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in relation to the soybean aphid in soybean crop in Québec, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Firlej ◽  
Annie-Ève Gagnon ◽  
Simon Laurin-Lemay ◽  
Jacques Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Field Location ◽  
Aphid Populations

AbstractWe studied the diversity and summer seasonal activity-density of Carabidae associated with soybean fields infested by the soybean aphid (Aphis glycinesMatsumura; Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Québec, Canada. Carabid beetles were sampled in six to seven fields from June to September 2004 and 2005 using pitfall traps. A total of 33 species from 15 genera were identified, with the exoticPterostichus melanarius(Illiger) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), representing 75.8% and 84.5% of all individuals trapped in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Large variations in species richness and diversity indexes were observed between fields within and between years. Multivariate analyses showed that carabid activity-density varied as a function of field location and sampling period, with individuals belonging to species overwintering as adults being more abundant early in the growing season. There was no relationship between carabid trap catches andA. glycinesdensity, suggesting that carabid beetles do not respond numerically to soybean aphid populations at the spatial scale studied.

Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Relation to Agricultural Crops

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rivard
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Field Margins ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

AbstractA three-year study on the seasonal occurrence of ground beetles was conducted in five fields with different crop rotations. More than 10,000 individuals representing 102 species were captured in pitfall traps. The relatively high total number of species collected the first year probably resulted from the particular location of the traps along field margins and close to woodlands. The variation observed between the areas studied was not necessarily related to the kind of crop. A progressive augmentation in beetle activity and population appeared to coincide with an increase in the humidity of the habitats and with the cultures in the following order: pasture grass, forage, cultivated, and cereal crops. This indicates that the nature of the crop influences beetle numbers, and from this it may he inferred that it also influences the extent to which the beetles exert a control influence on pest species. Of the eight species present every year and found in practically every field, Pterostichus melanarius Ill., Harpalus pennsylvanicus DeG., and H. compar Lec. were the most numerous.

FARMING AND GROUND BEETLES: EFFECTS OF AGRONOMIC PRACTICE ON POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor A. Cárcamo ◽  
Jari K. Niemalä ◽  
John R. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Field Plots

AbstractWe studied the effects of agricultural practice on ground beetles, using pitfall traps in field plots and in an uncultivated meadow near Edmonton, Alberta. Ground beetle abundance and species richness were higher in plots operated under an organic farming regime than in those under a chemical regime, but neither crop type [barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), barley-pea (Pisum sativum L.) intercrop] nor crop rotation had an effect. Reduced tillage did not significantly change overall carabid activity or species richness but species differed in their response to tillage treatments. The carabid assemblage from an uncultivated field differed conspicuously from assemblages in the crops and fescue. Carabid abundance was highest in the meadow and the fauna was dominated by the exotic species Pterostichus melanarius Illiger. Effects of agronomic practice on carabid assemblages are complex, reflecting the interaction of biological traits of particular species and the combination of agronomic treatments applied.

scholarly journals Wing polymorphisms of Pterostichus melanarius (Coleoptera: Carabidae) (Illiger, 1978) in Alberta pulse crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
Saraiah Cottrell-Callbeck ◽  
Maggie MacDonald ◽  
Maya Evenden
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Field Margins ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
East Region ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Pea Leaf Weevil

In a 6 week research project, a wing-dimorphic carabid species was studied to identify the proportions of macropterous (large functional wings) individuals and brachypterous (short, rudimentary wings) individuals from different pulse growing regions of Alberta. Pterostichus melanarius I. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) can be short-winged (SW) due to brachyptery being a dominant gene or long-winged (LW) individuals causing macroptery. Although macroptery is a recessive trait, the LW morph persists through the recolonization of populations due to human disturbance. Their ability to fly facilitates their dispersal across Alberta to uncolonized areas. Samples of P. melanarius were captured as bycatch from pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pitfall traps from the East, Capital, and Central regions of Alberta. Traps were positioned on a 175 meter transect pea and faba field margins in spring and again in the fall. Captured P. melanarius were identified and separated by collection site and date and stored in 95% ethanol until measurements. The beetles from the bycatch samples were sexed using tarsal characteristics. Anterior tarsal segments of the front pair of tarsi are dilated in males and normal in females. After being identified and recorded as “M” or “F”, they were mounted on a foam board with insect pins for measurement. The elytra (forewings) length and width was measured followed by measurement of their hindwings. They were classified as “SW” or “LW” depending on the functionality of their wings. Out of 440 individuals from the Capital region, 17.1% of captured P. melanarius were LW and 83.0% were SW. From the Central region 21.6% of 495 beetles were LW and 83.4% of them were SW. In the East region less P. melanarius were captured and from 94 individuals, 46.8% were LW and 53.2% were SW. Macropterous individuals are more common in the East region due to recolonization of populations whereas in the Central and Capital region the proportions of SW are much larger. In regions that have established populations of P. melanarius the proportions of SW are greater than LW.

OCCURRENCE AND ACTIVITY OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN A PEST MANAGEMENT APPLE ORCHARD

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Holliday ◽  
E. A. C. Hagley
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

AbstractPitfall trapping was carried out in a southern Ontario apple orchard for 3 years. The three commonest carabids collected were Harpalus affinis Schr., Pterostichus melanarius Ill., and Amara spp. Variation in activity was related to mean air temperatures in P. melanarius but not in the other two species. The use of pitfall traps in enclosures showed that none of the above species use flight as the principal means of locomotion. Immature H. affinis adults probably undergo a dispersal flight in July. Amara spp. and P. melanarius both fly within the orchard to some extent.

DISPERSAL OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) ON SOIL SURFACE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rivard
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Dispersal Rate ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Marked adults and pitfall traps were used to study the dispersal on soil surface of four ground beetle species. Compared recaptures of Pterostichus melanarius Ill. and Harpalus erraticus Say released into two different plots indicated that carabids disperse more rapidly in cultivated than in cereal crops and that males of both species are usually more active than females. No difference, however, in the activity and dispersal rate could be established between sexes for H. compar Lec. and H. pennsylvanicus DeG. Each of the three following species tended to disperse in a different direction: P. melanarius toward the southwest, H. compar toward the northwest, and H. pennsylvanicus toward the northeast. The relatively high proportion of recoveries suggests also considerable wandering movements of the beetles inside the plots.

A Connecticut Peach Orchard

1890 ◽  
Vol 30 (770supp) ◽  
pp. 12307-12308
Author(s):  
J. H. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Peach Orchard

Establishment and Production Costs for Peach Orchards in Florida: Enterprise Budget and Profitability Analysis

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Singerman ◽  
Marina Burani Arouca ◽  
Mercy A. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Enterprise Budget ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Peach Orchard

The article summarizes the establishment and production costs, as well as the potential profitability of a peach orchard in Florida. Our findings show the initial investment required for a peach operation in Florida to be $6,457 per acre; the expense in land preparation and planting alone in year 1 is $2,541 per acre. Variable and fixed costs in years 2 through 15 average $5,680 per acre. As an example of profitability, when using a 10% discount rate, an operation yielding 6,525 (7,254) pounds of marketable fruit per acre during its most productive years obtains a positive NPV when the average price is $2.38 ($2.13) per pound.

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