FARMING AND GROUND BEETLES: EFFECTS OF AGRONOMIC PRACTICE ON POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor A. Cárcamo ◽  
Jari K. Niemalä ◽  
John R. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Field Plots

AbstractWe studied the effects of agricultural practice on ground beetles, using pitfall traps in field plots and in an uncultivated meadow near Edmonton, Alberta. Ground beetle abundance and species richness were higher in plots operated under an organic farming regime than in those under a chemical regime, but neither crop type [barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), barley-pea (Pisum sativum L.) intercrop] nor crop rotation had an effect. Reduced tillage did not significantly change overall carabid activity or species richness but species differed in their response to tillage treatments. The carabid assemblage from an uncultivated field differed conspicuously from assemblages in the crops and fescue. Carabid abundance was highest in the meadow and the fauna was dominated by the exotic species Pterostichus melanarius Illiger. Effects of agronomic practice on carabid assemblages are complex, reflecting the interaction of biological traits of particular species and the combination of agronomic treatments applied.

GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) AS PREDATORS OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer A.C. Hagley ◽  
W.R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Amara Aenea

AbstractPterostichus melanarius Ill. was the predominant ground beetle recovered in pitfall traps in three blocks of apple trees at Jordan Station, Ont. In one block, C, the number of mature fifth-instar larvae of Cydia pomonella (L.) seeking overwintering sites was related significantly (r2 = 0.5476, P < 0.05) to the number of P. melanarius caught, but was not related significantly (r2 = 0.1181, P > 0.10) to the proportion of beetles that were serologically positive. The proportion of larvae pupating also was not related significantly (r2 = 0.2014, P > 0.10) to the number of P. melanarius. The total number of all predators caught was related significantly (r2 = 0.4490, P < 0.05) to the number of larvae present, but the proportion of larvae that pupated was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3606, P > 0.05) to the total number of predators.In block A, in 1983–1985, the number of mature larvae of C. pomonella seeking overwintering sites was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3763, 0.3619, and 0.5042, P > 0.05, respectively) to the number of P. melanarius taken in pitfall traps. In both blocks A and B, the number of serologically positive beetles was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3824 and 0.7921, P > 0.10, respectively) to the number of larvae seeking overwintering sites.Amara aenea DeG., Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis F., Bembidion quadrimaculatum oppositum Say, Clivinia impressifrons LeC., Diplochaeila impressicolis (Dej.), Harpalus aeneus F., and Pterostichus chalcites Say also gave positive serological reactions to the antiserum against C. pomonella.The occurrence of other species of Lepidoptera did not affect significantly the results obtained for C. pomonella.

DISPERSAL OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) ON SOIL SURFACE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rivard
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Dispersal Rate ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Marked adults and pitfall traps were used to study the dispersal on soil surface of four ground beetle species. Compared recaptures of Pterostichus melanarius Ill. and Harpalus erraticus Say released into two different plots indicated that carabids disperse more rapidly in cultivated than in cereal crops and that males of both species are usually more active than females. No difference, however, in the activity and dispersal rate could be established between sexes for H. compar Lec. and H. pennsylvanicus DeG. Each of the three following species tended to disperse in a different direction: P. melanarius toward the southwest, H. compar toward the northwest, and H. pennsylvanicus toward the northeast. The relatively high proportion of recoveries suggests also considerable wandering movements of the beetles inside the plots.

scholarly journals Ground beetles (Carabidae) of field margin habitats

Biologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1631-1641
Author(s):  
Janina Bennewicz ◽  
Tadeusz Barczak
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Field Margin ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Anchomenus Dorsalis ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the role of field margin habitats in preserving the diversity and abundance of ground beetle assemblages, including potentially entomophagous species and those with conservation status in Poland. Research material was collected in 2006–2007 in four types of margin habitats – a forest, bushes, ditches and in two arable fields. Insects were captured into pitfalls, without preservation liquid or bait added to the traps. Traps were inspected twice a week, between May and August, and one sample was a weekly capture. In field margin habitats the most abundant species were Limodromus assimilis, Anchomenus dorsalis, Pterostichus melanarius and Carabus auratus. A lower abundance of species was noted on fields, with dominant Poecilus cupreus and P. melanarius. The group of zoophagous carabids found in our study includes 30 species from field margin habitats, i.e. 37.5% of all captured Carabidae taxa and 58.3% of all specimens. The share of aphidophagous species was 84.9% among bushes, 86.7% near ditches, and 88.0% in the forest habitat. Several species captured during the study are under protection in Poland. These include the partly protected Carabus convexus, which also has the status of near threatened species, the partly protected Calosoma auropunctatum, and Broscus cephalotes. Considering all the investigated field margin habitats, ground beetles were most numerous in the oak-hornbeam habitat, defined as bushes, formed predominantly by Prunus spinosa, Crataegus leavigata, Sambucus nigra and Rosa canina. Thus, this habitat was the most important reservoir/refugium for the ground beetles.

scholarly journals Composição de Carabidae (Coleoptera) em área agrícola com sistema de rotação Soja, milho e pousio.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. ec02002
Author(s):  
Ivan C. F. Martins ◽  
Francisco J. Cividanes
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The Ground beetles occurrence in agricultural areas can contribute to pest control as well as indicate environmental quality. This study aimed to evaluate the composition of the Carabidae community in an agricultural area of annual crops. Ninety-six pitfall traps were installed in a grid 10 meters apart. The experimental area had one hectare in a double-cropping system of soybean (summer) and corn (autumn-winter) followed by a fallow period. Ground beetle composition analysis was performed using ANAFAU software. We collected 42 species and 1537 specimens of Carabidae distributed in 14 tribes. Harpalini tribe was the most common compared to the others. Were considered predominant, in the fauna analysis, the species Calosoma alternans granulatum Perty, 1830, Selenophorus discopunctatus Dejean, 1829, Selenophorus alternans Dejean, 1829, Selenophorus sp.1, Tetracha brasiliensis (Kirby, 1819), Abaris basistriata Chaudoir, 1873 and Galerita collaris Dejean, 1826. Thus, a diverse and abundant Carabidae community was identified in that cropping system.

scholarly journals Features of ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) assemblages in areas of meadow biocenosis with and without Sosnovsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi)

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Elena S. Pliskevich
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Biodiversity Index ◽  
Meadow Species ◽  
Pterostichus Oblongopunctatus

As a result of a study conducted in 2018, 41 species of ground beetles from 23 genera were identified in the Ushachsky District of the Vitebsk Region (Belarusian Lakeland) as a part of ground beetle assemblages of meadow biocenosis with clogging by the invasive Sosnovsky’s hogweed, whereas without clogging with hogweed 38 species from 21 genera were identified. Species Notiophilus biguttatus (Fabricius, 1779), Dyschiriodes globosus (Herbst, 1784), Bembidion quadrimaculatum (Linnaeus, 1761), Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Fabricius, 1787), P. minor (Gyllenhal, 1827), P. nigrita (Paykull, 1790), Platynus assimilis (Paykull, 1790), P. krynickii (Sperk, 1835), Bradycellus caucasicus (Chaudoir, 1846), Ophonus laticollis (Mannerheim, 1825), Harpalus latus (Linnaeus, 1758), H. progrediens (Schauberger, 1922), Badister bullatus (Schrank, 1798) were recorded only in the biocenosis with clogging with hogweed. The species richness and the value of the biodiversity index of the ground beetle assemblages of the meadow biocenosis with clogging with hogweed were higher than these parameters of the ground beetle assemblages of the meadow biocenosis without hogweed. In the conditions of invasive hogweed thickets stratobionts boreholes dominated in the ground beetle assemblages (relative abundance 28.57 %), the participation of eurytopic (6 species, 20.37 %) and forest species (7 species, 12.01 %) was high, with a decrease in the share of participation meadow species (3 species, 1.37 %). For the biocenosis littered with hogweed, a high proportion of mesophiles (19 species, 52.44 %) was observed, against the background of a low proportion of mesogyrophils (9 species, 37.69 %).

scholarly journals Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) diversity from pastures in Southern Bulgaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Teofilova ◽  
Ivailo Todorov ◽  
Milka Elshishka ◽  
Vlada Peneva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Ecological Structure

This study aimed at clarifying the species composition and ecological structure of carabids, associated with active pastures. Field work was carried out in 2017 and 2018. Pitfall traps (5 in each site) were set in 10 sampling sites in Thracean Lowland and Sarnena Sredna Gora Mts. Captured beetles belonged to 90 species and 33 genera, representing 12% of the species and 26% of the ground beetle genera occurring in Bulgaria. The most diverse was genus Harpalus (22 species), followed by the genera Amara (7 species), Microlestes (6 species), Ophonus (6 species) and Parophonus (5 species). Twenty species were new for the region of the Thracean Lowland: Amara fulvipes (Audinet-Serville, 1821), Anisodactylus binotatus (Fabricius, 1787), A. intermedius Dejean, 1829, Apotomus clypeonitens Müller, 1943, Calathus cinctus Motschulsky, 1850, Carterus gilvipes (Piochard de la Brûlerie, 1873), Gynandromorphus etruscus (Quensel en Schönherr, 1806), Harpalus fuscicornis Ménétriés, 1832, H. subcylindricus Dejean, 1829, Microlestes apterus Holdhaus, 1904, M. corticalis (L. Dufour, 1820), M. fulvibasis (Reitter, 1901), M. maurus (Sturm, 1827), M. minutulus (Goeze, 1777), Notiophilus laticollis Chaudoir, 1850, Pangus scaritides (Sturm, 1818), Parophonus laeviceps (Ménétriés, 1832), P. planicollis (Dejean, 1829), Polystichus connexus (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) and Pterostichus strenuus (Panzer, 1796). Twenty species were new for the whole Sredna Gora Mts.: Acinopus picipes (Olivier, 1795), A. megacephalus (P. Rossi, 1794), Amara anthobia A. Villa et G. B. Villa, 1833, Ditomus calydonius (P. Rossi, 1790), Harpalus albanicus Reitter, 1900, H. angulatus Putzeys, 1878, H. attenuatus Stephens, 1828, H. dimidiatus (P. Rossi, 1790), H. flavicornis Dejean, 1829, H. pumilus Sturm, 1818, H. pygmaeus Dejean, 1829, H. subcylindricus Dejean, 1829, H. tardus (Panzer, 1796), H. signaticornis (Duftschmid, 1812), Lebia scapularis (Geoffroy, 1785), Microlestes fissuralis (Reitter, 1901), M. fulvibasis (Reitter, 1901), M. maurus (Sturm, 1827), M. minutulus (Goeze, 1777) and Ophonus sabulicola (Panzer, 1796). Fourty-one species were new for the region of the Sarnena Sredna Gora. Genus Apotomus, Gynandromorphus, Pangus and Polystichus were new geographic records for Thracean Lowland. Genera Acinopus and Ditomus were new for the Sredna Gora Mts. Fourteen life form categories were established (9 zoophagous and 5 mixophytophagous). The analysis of the life forms showed a slight predominance of the mixophytophages (53 species; 59%) over the zoophages (37 species; 41%). Microlestes minutulus was a constant species occurring in all sampling sites.

scholarly journals Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) diversity from harvested oilseed rape fields (Brassica napus L.) in Southern Bulgaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Teofilova ◽  
Ivailo Todorov ◽  
Milka Elshishka ◽  
Vlada Peneva
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Life Form ◽  
New Records ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Brassica Napus L

This study aimed at clarifying the species composition and ecological structure of carabid communities, in oilseed rape fields after rape harvest. Field work was carried out in 2018. Pitfall traps (5 in each site) were set in 10 sampling sites in Thracean Lowland and Sarnena Sredna Gora Mts. Captured beetles belonged to 66 species and 24 genera, representing 9% of the species and 19% of the ground beetle genera occurring in Bulgaria. The most diverse was genus Harpalus Latreille, 1802 (15 species), followed by the genera Amara Zimmermann, 1832 (7 species), Microlestes Schmidt-Goebel, 1846 (6 species) and Parophonus Ganglbauer, 1891 (5 species). Five species were new for the region of the Thracean Lowland: Amara (Bradytus) consularis (Duftschmid, 1812), Harpalus (Harpalus) caspius (Steven, 1806), H. (Pseudoophonus) calceatus (Duftschmid, 1812), Microlestes negrita negrita (Wollaston, 1854), Tachyura (Tachyura) parvula (Dejean, 1831). Three species: Amara (Zezea) fulvipes (Audinet-Serville, 1821), A. (Zezea) chaudoiri incognita Fassati, 1946 and Diachromus germanus (Linnaeus, 1758) were new records for the region of the Sarnena Gora. Seven species were new for the whole Sredna Gora Mts.: Acinopus (Acinopus) picipes (Olivier, 1795), A. (Oedematicus) megacephalus (P. Rossi, 1794), Carterus (Carterus) dama (P. Rossi, 1792), Harpalus (Harpalus) flavicornis flavicornis Dejean, 1829, H. (Pseudoophonus) griseus (Panzer, 1796), Licinus (Licinus) depressus (Paykull, 1790) and Microlestes maurus maurus (Sturm, 1827). Genera Acinopus Dejean, 1821, Carterus Dejean, 1830 and Licinus Latreille, 1802 were new geographic records for the Sredna Gora Mts. Twelve life form categories were established (7 zoophagous and 6 mixophytophagous). The analysis of the life forms showed a slight predominance of the mixophytophages (38 species; 58%) over the zoophages (28 species; 42%). There were no constant species occurring in all sampling sites (with 100% occurrence). Thirteen species appeared after the harvest (they were absent during the flowering and ripening of the rape), forty-four species disappeared (they were present during flowering and ripening), and twenty-nine species were present in all stages.

Predatory behavior of two species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) towards juvenile salamanders (Plethodon vehiculum)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ovaska ◽  
M. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Carabid beetles are suspected to prey on terrestrial salamanders, but no records of this exist. We examined the behavior of two species of ground beetle (Scaphinotus angusticollis and Pterostichus melanarius) towards juvenile western red-backed salamanders (Plethodon vehiculum) in staged laboratory encounters. We predicted that the beetles would show more aggression towards small (snout–vent length (SVL) ≤30 mm) than large (30 < SVL ≤ 40 mm) juvenile salamanders, as small individuals frequently had missing tails (indicating predation) in the field. Our additional objective was to examine antipredator behavior of P. vehiculum. Scaphinotus angusticollis approached, bit, and climbed on the salamanders more frequently than P. melanarius did, but neither beetle behaved differently towards small and large salamanders. Small juveniles jerked away more frequently than larger individuals when bitten by P. melanarius and when climbed on by S. angusticollis, but otherwise the behavior of salamanders of the two size classes did not differ. After overnight encounters, the injuries on the salamanders included missing toes and tail tips and skin lacerations. Scaphinotus angusticollis consumed an additional six P. vehiculum, and P. melanarius consumed three. The damage was unrelated to the size (SVL) of the salamanders, but all individuals consumed were among the smallest we tested. We suggest that in terms of both its morphology and its behavior, S. angusticollis is better suited than P. melanarius to prey on P. vehiculum, and probably preys on hatchlings in the wild.

scholarly journals Grazing impacts on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) abundance and diversity on a semi-natural grassland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Pozsgai ◽  
Luis Quinzo-Ortega ◽  
Nick A. Littlewood
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Grazing Impacts ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
The Status ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Natural Grassland

AbstractSemi-natural grasslands are commonly managed as a grazing resource for domestic livestock but, due to their unique biodiversity, they are also of conservation interest. Numerous drivers have impacted on the status of these grasslands in recent decades, most importantly changing grazing management strategies. These changes have the potential to affect the biodiversity associated with these habitats, including on some rich invertebrate assemblages. Responses, however, are often dissimilar between different invertebrate taxa.We investigated the responses of ground beetles to different grazing regimes within a long-term grazing experiment on upland semi-natural grassland in Scotland. Although there was substantial overlap between ground beetle assemblages in different grazing treatments, species richness, mean abundance and Shannon diversity of ground beetles were significantly lower in ungrazed plots than in plots subject to high- or low-intensity sheep grazing. Ground beetle abundance (but not species richness or diversity) were lower in ungrazed plots compared to those with low-intensity mixed grazing by sheep and cattle. However, no differences were identified in abundance, species richness or diversity between the three grazed treatments.Our results suggest that ground beetles may show different responses to grazing compared to responses of some other invertebrate groups and demonstrates the difficulty of carrying out management for a multi-taxon benefit.

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