Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang-II) exerts inflammatory activity and is involved in different cardiovascular disorders. This study has evaluated the involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the leukocyte accumulation elicited by Ang-II. Ang-II (1 nM intraperitoneally in rats) induced TNFα release at 1 hour followed by neutrophil and mononuclear cell recruitment. The administration of an antirat TNFα antiserum had no effect on Ang-IIinduced neutrophil accumulation but inhibited the infiltration of mononuclear cells and reduced CC chemokine content in the peritoneal exudate. Pretreatment with either an anti-TNFα or an anti-IL-4 antiserum decreased Ang-II-induced arteriolar mononuclear leukocyte adhesion by 68% and 60%, respectively, in the rat mesenteric microcirculation. While no expression of TNFα was found in the postcapillary venules of Ang-II-injected animals, this cytokine was clearly up-regulated in the arterioles. Stimulation of human umbilical arterial endothelial cells (HUAECs) or isolated human mononuclear cells with 1 μM Ang-II caused increased TNFα mRNA expression and protein. Neutralization of TNFα activity reduced Ang-II-induced MCP-1, MCP-3, and RANTES release from HUAECs and MIP-1α from blood cells. In conclusion, the selective mononuclear leukocyte adhesion to Ang-II-stimulated arterioles is largely mediated by TNFα in cooperation with constitutive IL-4. Therefore, neutralization of TNFα activity may help to prevent mononuclear cell infiltration and the progression of the atherogenic process.
Angiotensin II-Induced Mononuclear Leukocyte Interactions with Arteriolar and Venular Endothelium Are Mediated by the Release of Different CC Chemokines