scholarly journals Detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 in trigeminal ganglia of beef cattle in Uruguay

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Furtado ◽  
FS Campos ◽  
S Llambí ◽  
J Maisonnave ◽  
PM Roehe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglia ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

scholarly journals 3 Administration of a DNA immunostimulant does not mitigate bovine herpesvirus-1 recrudescence in dexamethasone challenged beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Hannah A Seiver ◽  
Kendall L Samuelson ◽  
Richard D Posey ◽  
Dexter J Tomczak ◽  
Taylor M Smock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Nasal Swab Sample ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Abstract The study objective was to determine the effect of a DNA immunostimulant on recrudescence of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) after dexamethasone challenge in beef cattle. It was hypothesized that the DNA immunostimulant would mitigate stress-induced immunosuppression; thereby, reducing the incidence of BHV-1 recrudescence. Steers (n = 10) and heifers (n = 10; initial BW = 489 kg ± 57 kg) were stratified by pre-existing BHV-1 antibody titer, sex and initial BW and randomly assigned to treatment (n = 4 pens/treatment; 2 or 3 animals/pen). All calves were administered 40 mg of dexamethasone i.v. at 0600 h from d 0 to 2, 166-d subsequent to BHV-1 challenge with 1.0 × 108 plaque-forming units per nostril. On d 1, calves were administered treatments consisting of 2 mL i.m. of DNA immunostimulant (Zelnate; ZEL) or sterile saline (CON). Once daily (0600) from d 0 to 12, a whole blood was obtained via jugular venipuncture for complete blood count (CBC) analysis and nasal swabs were collected to determine BHV-1 prevalence via virus isolation testing. A repeated measures mixed model was used to test the effect of treatment, day and their interaction for CBC variables. There was a treatment × day interaction for eosinophils (P = 0.02) and percent eosinophils (P = 0.03). Eosinophils were greater (P < 0.01) for ZEL on d 3 and 6 post-dexamethasone challenge. On d 11 and 12, eosinophils for CON rebounded such that their concentration was greater than ZEL (P < 0.01). Lymphocytes, neutrophil and monocyte concentration did not differ (P ≥ 0.44); however, a day effect (P ≤ 0.01) existed such that each variable increased transiently after dexamethasone challenge. All cattle had BHV-1 present in a nasal swab sample on at least one sample day, with prevalence of BHV-1 in nasal swab samples being greatest on d 5 (80% positive; P = 0.01). However, no treatment differences were detected for BHV-1 prevalence in this study. The DNA immunostimulant altered eosinophil concentrations but did not mitigate BHV-1 recrudesce after dexamethasone challenge

scholarly journals Identification of a Novel Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Transcript Containing a Small Open Reading Frame That Is Expressed in Trigeminal Ganglia of Latently Infected Cattle

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 5438-5447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Inman ◽  
Joe Zhou ◽  
Heather Webb ◽  
Clinton Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglia ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Gfp Fusion Protein ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

ABSTRACT Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), like other Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members, establishes latency in sensory neurons. The latency-related (LR) RNA is abundantly expressed during latency, and expression of an LR protein is required for the latency reactivation cycle in cattle. Within LR promoter sequences, a 135-amino-acid open reading frame (ORF) was identified, ORF-E, that is antisense to the LR RNA. ORF-E is also downstream of the gene encoding the major viral transcriptional activator, bICP0. Strand-specific reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that a transcript containing ORF-E was consistently expressed in trigeminal ganglia (TG) of latently infected calves, productively infected cultured cells, and acutely infected calves. As expected, a late transcript encoding glycoprotein C was not detected in TG of latently infected calves. The ORF-E transcript is polyadenylated and is expressed early when cultured bovine cells are productively infected. Protein coding sequences containing ORF-E were fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) to examine the cellular localization of the putative protein. In transiently transfected mouse neuroblastoma (neuro-2A) and human neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells, the ORF-E/GFP fusion protein was detected in discreet domains within the nucleus. In contrast, the ORF-E/GFP fusion protein was detected in the cytoplasm and nucleus of rabbit skin cells and bovine kidney cells. As expected, the GFP protein was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of transfected cells. These studies indicate that the ORF-E transcript is consistently expressed during latency. We suggest that the ORF-E gene regulates some aspect of the latency reactivation cycle.

scholarly journals Infection of Cattle with a Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Strain That Contains a Mutation in the Latency-Related Gene Leads to Increased Apoptosis in Trigeminal Ganglia during the Transition from Acute Infection to Latency

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 4848-4857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Lovato ◽  
Melissa Inman ◽  
Gail Henderson ◽  
Alan Doster ◽  
Clinton Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglia ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

ABSTRACT Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle and infection is usually initiated via the ocular or nasal cavity. After acute infection, the primary site for BHV-1 latency is sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (TG). Reactivation from latency occurs sporadically, resulting in virus shedding and transmission to uninfected cattle. The only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latency-related (LR) RNA. An LR mutant was constructed by inserting three stop codons near the beginning of the LR RNA. This mutant grows to wild-type (wt) efficiency in bovine kidney cells and in the nasal cavity of acutely infected calves. However, shedding of infectious virus from the eye and TG was dramatically reduced in calves infected with the LR mutant. Calves latently infected with the LR mutant do not reactivate after dexamethasone treatment. In contrast, all calves latently infected with wt BHV-1 or the LR rescued mutant reactivate from latency after dexamethasone treatment. In the present study, we compared the frequency of apoptosis in calves infected with the LR mutant to calves infected with wt BHV-1 because LR gene products inhibit apoptosis in transiently transfected cells. A sensitive TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) assay and an antibody that detects cleaved caspase-3 were used to identify apoptotic cells in TG. Both assays demonstrated that calves infected with the LR mutant for 14 days had higher levels of apoptosis in TG compared to calves infected with wt BHV-1 or to mock-infected calves. Viral gene expression, except for the LR gene, is extinguished by 14 days after infection, and thus this time frame is operationally defined as the establishment of latency. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that lower levels of viral DNA were present in the TG of calves infected with the LR mutant throughout acute infection. Taken together, these results suggest that the antiapoptotic properties of the LR gene play an important role during the establishment of latency.

scholarly journals Alternative Splicing of the Latency-Related Transcript of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Yields RNAs Containing Unique Open Reading Frames

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 7294-7301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxminarayana R. Devireddy ◽  
Clinton Jones
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Splice Junction ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglia ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

ABSTRACT The latency-related transcript (LRT) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is the only abundant viral RNA detected during latency. A previous study (A. Hossain, L. M. Schang, and C. Jones, J. Virol. 69:5345–5352, 1995) concluded that splicing of polyadenylated [poly(A)+] and splicing of nonpolyadenylated [poly(A)−] LRT are different. In this study, splice junction sites of LRT were identified. In trigeminal ganglia of acutely infected calves (1, 7, or 15 days postinfection [p.i.]) or in latently infected calves (60 days p.i.), alternative splicing of poly(A)+ LRT occurred. Productive viral gene expression in trigeminal ganglia is readily detected from 2 to 7 days p.i. but not at 15 days p.i. (L. M. Schang and C. Jones, J. Virol. 71:6786–6795, 1997), suggesting that certain aspects of a lytic infection occur in neurons and that these factors influence LRT splicing. Splicing of poly(A)− LRT was also detected in transfected COS-7 cells or infected MDBK cells. DNA sequence analysis of spliced LRT cDNAs, poly(A)+ or poly(A)−, revealed nonconsensus splice signals at exon/intron and intron/exon boundaries. The GC-AG splicing signal utilized by the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript in latently infected mice is also used by LRT in latently infected calves. Taken together, these results led us to hypothesize that (i) poly(A)+ LRT is spliced in trigeminal ganglia by neuron-specific factors, (ii) viral or virus-induced factors participate in splicing, and (iii) alternative splicing of LRT may result in protein isoforms which have novel biological properties.

scholarly journals Analysis of cyclins in trigeminal ganglia of calves infected with bovine herpesvirus-1

2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 2993-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Winkler ◽  
Alan Doster ◽  
Clinton Jones ◽  
Luis S. Schang ◽  
Todd Holt
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglia ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Analysis of bovine trigeminal ganglia following infection with bovine herpesvirus 1

2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T.C Winkler ◽  
A Doster ◽  
J.-H Sur ◽  
C Jones
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglia ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

scholarly journals A Mutation in the Latency-Related Gene of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Disrupts the Latency Reactivation Cycle in Calves

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (13) ◽  
pp. 6771-6779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Inman ◽  
Luciane Lovato ◽  
Alan Doster ◽  
Clinton Jones
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglia ◽  
Viral Transcript ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

ABSTRACT Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle, and infection is usually initiated via the ocular or nasal cavity. Following acute infection, the primary site for BHV-1 latency is the sensory neuron. Reactivation from latency occurs sporadically, resulting in virus shedding and transmission to uninfected cattle. The only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latency-related (LR) RNA, suggesting that it mediates some aspect of latency. An LR mutant was constructed by inserting three stop codons near the beginning of the LR-RNA, suggesting that expression of LR proteins would be altered. The LR mutant grew with wild-type (wt) efficiency in bovine kidney cells (MDBK). When calves were infected with the LR mutant, a dramatic decrease (3 to 4 logs) in ocular, but not nasal, viral shedding occurred during acute infection relative to the wt or the LR-rescued virus (M. Inman, L. Lovato, A. Doster, and C. Jones, J. Virol. 75:8507-8515, 2001). In this study, we examined the latency reactivation cycle in calves infected with the LR mutant and compared these results to those from calves infected with wt BHV-1 or the LR-rescued virus. During acute infection, lower levels of infectious virus were detected in trigeminal ganglion homogenates from calves infected with the LR mutant. As judged by in situ hybridization, BHV-1-positive neurons were detected in trigeminal ganglia of calves infected with the wt but not the LR mutant. Although LR-RNA was detected by reverse transcription-PCR in calves latently infected with the LR mutant, a semiquantitative PCR analysis revealed that lower levels of viral DNA were present in trigeminal ganglia of calves infected with the LR mutant. Dexamethasone treatment of calves latently infected with wt BHV-1 or the LR-rescued virus, but not the LR mutant, consistently induced reactivation from latency, as judged by shedding of infectious virus from the nose or eyes and increases in BHV-1-specific antibodies. In summary, this study demonstrates that wt expression of LR gene products plays an important role in the latency reactivation cycle of BHV-1 in cattle.

scholarly journals 104 Administration of a DNA immunostimulant does not mitigate bovine herpesvirus-1 recrudescence in dexamethasone challenged beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Hannah A Seiver ◽  
Kendall L Samuelson ◽  
Richard D Posey ◽  
Dexter J Tomczak ◽  
Taylor M Smock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Nasal Swab Sample ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Abstract The study objective was to determine the effect of a DNA immunostimulant on recrudescence of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) after dexamethasone challenge in beef cattle. It was hypothesized that the DNA immunostimulant would mitigate stress-induced immunosuppression; thereby, reducing the incidence of BHV-1 recrudescence. Steers (n=10) and heifers (n=10; initial BW = 489 kg ± 57 kg) were stratified by pre-existing BHV-1 antibody titer, sex and initial BW and randomly assigned to treatment (n=4 pens/treatment; 2 or 3 animals/pen). All calves were administered 40 mg of dexamethasone i.v. at 0600 h from d 0 to 2, 166-d subsequent to BHV-1 challenge with 1.0 × 108 plaque-forming units per nostril. On d 1, calves were administered treatments consisting of 2 mL i.m. of DNA immunostimulant (Zelnate; ZEL) or sterile saline (CON). Once daily (0600) from d 0 to 12, a whole blood was obtained via jugular venipuncture for complete blood count (CBC) analysis and nasal swabs were collected to determine BHV-1 prevalence via virus isolation testing. A repeated measures mixed model was used to test the effect of treatment, day and their interaction for CBC variables. There was a treatment × day interaction for eosinophils (P = 0.02) and percent eosinophils (P = 0.03). Eosinophils were greater (P < 0.01) for ZEL on d 3 and 6 post-dexamethasone challenge. On d 11 and 12, eosinophils for CON rebounded such that their concentration was greater than ZEL (P < 0.01). Lymphocytes, neutrophil and monocyte concentration did not differ (P ≥ 0.44); however, a day effect (P ≤ 0.01) existed such that each variable increased transiently after dexamethasone challenge. All cattle had BHV-1 present in a nasal swab sample on at least one sample day, with prevalence of BHV-1 in nasal swab samples being greatest on d 5 (80% positive; P = 0.01). However, no treatment differences were detected for BHV-1 prevalence in this study. The DNA immunostimulant altered eosinophil concentrations but did not mitigate BHV-1 recrudesce after dexamethasone challenge

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