scholarly journals Clinical Utility of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) Tandem-Gait Test in High School Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1096-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Santo ◽  
Robert C. Lynall ◽  
Kevin M. Guskiewicz ◽  
Jason P. Mihalik
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Passing Rate ◽  
Sport Concussion ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Tandem Gait

Context:  Dynamic balance during functional movement may provide important clinical information after concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, version 3 (SCAT3), includes a timed tandem-gait test (heel-to-toe walking) administered with a pass-fail scoring system. Minimal evidence supports inclusion of the tandem-gait test in the SCAT3, especially in high school athletes. Objective:  To determine (1) the percentage of healthy high school athletes who passed (best trial ≤14 seconds) the tandem-gait test at baseline, (2) the association between sex and test performance (pass versus fail), and (3) the relationships among sex, age, height, and tandem-gait test score. Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  High school sports medicine center. Patients or Other Participants:  Two hundred athletes from 4 high schools (age = 15.8 ± 1.2 years, height = 170.3 ± 10.3 cm, weight = 64.8 ± 14.5 kg). Main Outcome Measure(s):  Healthy participants completed 4 trials of the SCAT3 tandem-gait test and a demographic questionnaire. Outcome measures were passing rate at baseline on the tandem-gait test and tandem-gait test score (time). Results:  Overall, 24.5% (49/200) of participants passed the test. Sex and performance were associated (χ2 = 15.15, P < .001), with a passing rate of 38.6% (32/83) for males and 14.5% (17/117) for females. The regression model including predictor variables of sex and height, with the outcome variable of tandem-gait test score and time, was significant (R2 = 0.20, P < .01). Conclusions:  Our findings suggest that the tandem-gait test had a high false-positive rate in high school athletes. Given that more than 75% of healthy participants failed the tandem-gait test, the 14-second cutoff appears to have limited clinical utility in the adolescent population. Functional movement deficits after concussion need to be accounted for, but the 14-second cutoff for the SCAT3 tandem-gait test does not appear to be an ideal way to assess these deficits in high school athletes.

To document false-positive scores on the sport concussion assessment tool (scat3) in high school athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. A78.1-A78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Covassin ◽  
RJ Elbin ◽  
Philip Schatz ◽  
Erica Beidler ◽  
Jessica Wallace
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Sport Concussion

Sport concussion assessment tool-2 (SCAT2) scores in the acute phase following concussion in high school athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. e1.44-e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richelle M Mayfield ◽  
Lindsey Shepherd ◽  
Tamara C Valovich McLeod ◽  
R Curtis Bay
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Sport Concussion

Normative Values of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) in High School Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traci R. Snedden ◽  
Margaret Alison Brooks ◽  
Scott Hetzel ◽  
Tim McGuine
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Sport Concussion

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool – 2: Baseline Values for High School Athletes

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M Jinguji ◽  
Viviana Bompadre ◽  
Kimberly G Harmon ◽  
Emma K Satchell ◽  
Kaiulani Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Sport Concussion ◽  
Baseline Values

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION OF HISTORY OF CONCUSSION WITH BASELINE SCORES ON THE SPORT CONCUSSION ASSESSMENT TOOL (SCAT5) IN HIGH SCHOOL RUGBY PLAYERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0000
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Black ◽  
Lauren N. Miutz ◽  
Paul H. Eliason ◽  
Kathryn Schneider ◽  
Keith O. Yeates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Word List ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Memory Score ◽  
Sport Concussion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Testing ◽  
Rugby Players

Background: The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) is a standardized instrument designed to assist with the clinical and sideline assessment of concussion. Following the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport in 2016, the SCAT5 was released. Compared to the previous version (SCAT3), the SCAT5 includes more detailed instructions regarding the symptom checklist and a 10-word list in the immediate memory section to diminish ceiling effects. This study aims to examine the association between having a previous history of concussion and SCAT5 scores in high school rugby players. A second objective is to provide reference values for healthy rugby players for the SCAT5, including typical scores on immediate memory using the 10-word list. Methods: High school rugby players (ages 15-18) from Calgary, Alberta participating in the 2018 high school rugby season (n=388, male=212, female=176) were recruited to a cohort study and asked to complete a baseline SCAT5 assessment administered by trained research assistants at the beginning of the playing season. Outcome measures included baseline symptom evaluation (/22 symptoms)], self-reported rating of percentage of normal (100% perfectly normal) felt at time of testing, immediate memory score using a 10-word list [/30)], digits backward (/4), delayed word memory (/10), and modified Balance Error Scoring System [BESS (/30)]. Players also completed a preseason demographic questionnaire, which assessed their history of concussion. Results: A total of 237/388 (61.08%) rugby players reported no history of concussion (NC) and 151/388 (38.92%) reported at least 1 previous concussion (PC). Ninety of the 212 males (42.45%) and 61 of the 176 females (34.66%) reported a history of previous concussion. Median SCAT5 symptom score was 6 (range; 0-21) for NC and 7 (0-22) for PC groups. At the time of baseline testing, only 30.51% of NC players and 21.85% of PC players reported feeling 100% of normal. Median total scores on the immediate memory score (/30) were 21 (range; 9-28) for NC and 21 (range; 9-29) for PC. Median total score on digits backward (/4) was 3 (range; 0-4) and the delayed memory score (/10) was 7 (range; 0-20), for both NC and PC groups. Median total errors made on the BESS were 4 (range; 0-20) for NC players and 5 (range; 0-17) for PC players. Conclusions: Players with and without a previous history of concussion obtained similar scores on all components of the SCAT5 at baseline. Many high school rugby players did not report feeling 100% of normal during typical baseline testing sessions. The addition of the 10-word list option in the immediate and delayed memory section reduces the likelihood of a ceiling effect. This study informs the use and interpretation of the SCAT5 in high school rugby players.

Reliability and Validity of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool–3 (SCAT3) in High School and Collegiate Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 2276-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Y. Chin ◽  
Lindsay D. Nelson ◽  
William B. Barr ◽  
Paul McCrory ◽  
Michael A. McCrea
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Sport Concussion

scholarly journals Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Symptom Inventory: Healthy and Acute Postconcussion Symptom Factor Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1046-1053
Author(s):  
Morgan Anderson ◽  
Kyle M. Petit ◽  
Abigail C. Bretzin ◽  
R.J. Elbin ◽  
Katie L. Stephenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
Sport Concussion

Context Previous researchers have examined factor structures for common concussion symptom inventories. However, they failed to discriminate between the acute (<72 hours) and subacute (3 days–3 months) periods after concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) is an acute assessment that, when compared with other concussion symptom inventories, includes or excludes symptoms that may result in different symptom factors. Objective The primary purpose was to investigate the symptom factor structure of the 22-item SCAT symptom inventory in healthy, uninjured and acutely concussed high school and collegiate athletes. The secondary purpose was to document the frequency of the unique SCAT symptom inventory items. Design Case series. Setting High school and college. Patients or Other Participants A total of 1334 healthy, uninjured and 200 acutely concussed high school and collegiate athletes. Main Outcome Measure(s) Healthy, uninjured participants completed the SCAT symptom inventory at a single assessment. Participants in the acutely concussed sample completed the SCAT symptom inventory within 72 hours after concussion. Two separate exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) using a principal component analysis and varimax extraction method were conducted. Results A 3-factor solution accounted for 48.1% of the total variance for the healthy, uninjured sample: cognitive-fatigue (eg, feeling “in a fog” and “don't feel right”), migraine (eg, neck pain and headache), and affective (eg, more emotional and sadness) symptom factors. A 3-factor solution accounted for 55.0% of the variance for the acutely concussed sample: migraine-fatigue (eg, headache and “pressure in the head”), affective (eg, sadness and more emotional), and cognitive-ocular (eg, difficulty remembering and balance problems) symptom factors. Conclusions The inclusion of unique SCAT symptom inventory items did not alter the symptom factor structure for the healthy, uninjured sample. For the acutely concussed sample, all but 1 unique SCAT symptom inventory item (neck pain) loaded onto a factor.

scholarly journals Time Tandem Gait (TTG) in Athletes 7–16 Years of Age

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S31.2-S32
Author(s):  
Nicole Wong ◽  
Jamie Bogle ◽  
David Dodick ◽  
Jennifer Wethe ◽  
Michael Cebette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Sport Concussion ◽  
Balance Error ◽  
Tandem Gait

ObjectiveThe goal of the present research was to provide updated normative TTG data for younger athletes and increase understanding of the reliability of the TTG.BackgroundImbalance is a hallmark sign of concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT-3) suggests using the Modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) or Timed Tandem Gait (TTG) to evaluate balance function. TTG instructions indicate that times >14 seconds are abnormal as established in individuals between 16-37 years of age (Schneiders et al., 2010). Currently, there is a lack of normative data for the pediatric population.Design/MethodsPre-season TTG data were collected from 363 male and 20 female athletes with no active concussion complaints. The best TTG time out of 4 trials without errors was recorded. In addition, post-season data were collected for 107 male athletes.ResultsResults demonstrated a significant decrease in TTG time with age. Given this improvement, separate expected values were constructed: 7–8 years (21.4 +/− 7 s), 9–10 years (18.56 +/− 6 s), 11–12 years (18 +/− 5 s), 13–14 years (15.8 +/− 4 s), and 15–16 years (14.0 +/− 3 s). Analysis showed a significant improvement in TTG time over the season. Preliminary analysis shows no difference between baseline and post-concussion scores.ConclusionsThese results suggest that TTG time should be established annually. Future research will need to explore the expected amount of change in individuals with post-concussion imbalance.

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