scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION OF HISTORY OF CONCUSSION WITH BASELINE SCORES ON THE SPORT CONCUSSION ASSESSMENT TOOL (SCAT5) IN HIGH SCHOOL RUGBY PLAYERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0000
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Black ◽  
Lauren N. Miutz ◽  
Paul H. Eliason ◽  
Kathryn Schneider ◽  
Keith O. Yeates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Word List ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Memory Score ◽  
Sport Concussion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Testing ◽  
Rugby Players

Background: The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) is a standardized instrument designed to assist with the clinical and sideline assessment of concussion. Following the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport in 2016, the SCAT5 was released. Compared to the previous version (SCAT3), the SCAT5 includes more detailed instructions regarding the symptom checklist and a 10-word list in the immediate memory section to diminish ceiling effects. This study aims to examine the association between having a previous history of concussion and SCAT5 scores in high school rugby players. A second objective is to provide reference values for healthy rugby players for the SCAT5, including typical scores on immediate memory using the 10-word list. Methods: High school rugby players (ages 15-18) from Calgary, Alberta participating in the 2018 high school rugby season (n=388, male=212, female=176) were recruited to a cohort study and asked to complete a baseline SCAT5 assessment administered by trained research assistants at the beginning of the playing season. Outcome measures included baseline symptom evaluation (/22 symptoms)], self-reported rating of percentage of normal (100% perfectly normal) felt at time of testing, immediate memory score using a 10-word list [/30)], digits backward (/4), delayed word memory (/10), and modified Balance Error Scoring System [BESS (/30)]. Players also completed a preseason demographic questionnaire, which assessed their history of concussion. Results: A total of 237/388 (61.08%) rugby players reported no history of concussion (NC) and 151/388 (38.92%) reported at least 1 previous concussion (PC). Ninety of the 212 males (42.45%) and 61 of the 176 females (34.66%) reported a history of previous concussion. Median SCAT5 symptom score was 6 (range; 0-21) for NC and 7 (0-22) for PC groups. At the time of baseline testing, only 30.51% of NC players and 21.85% of PC players reported feeling 100% of normal. Median total scores on the immediate memory score (/30) were 21 (range; 9-28) for NC and 21 (range; 9-29) for PC. Median total score on digits backward (/4) was 3 (range; 0-4) and the delayed memory score (/10) was 7 (range; 0-20), for both NC and PC groups. Median total errors made on the BESS were 4 (range; 0-20) for NC players and 5 (range; 0-17) for PC players. Conclusions: Players with and without a previous history of concussion obtained similar scores on all components of the SCAT5 at baseline. Many high school rugby players did not report feeling 100% of normal during typical baseline testing sessions. The addition of the 10-word list option in the immediate and delayed memory section reduces the likelihood of a ceiling effect. This study informs the use and interpretation of the SCAT5 in high school rugby players.

scholarly journals Baseline Performance of High School Rugby Players on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Black ◽  
Lauren N. Miutz ◽  
Vineetha Warriyar KV ◽  
Kathryn J. Schneider ◽  
Keith Owen Yeates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Word List ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Sport Concussion ◽  
Concussion History

Context Version 5 of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT5) was released in 2017 with an additional 10-word list option in the memory section and additional instructions for completing the symptom scale. Objective To provide reference scores for high school rugby union players on the SCAT5, including immediate memory using the 10-word list, and examine how age, sex, and concussion history affected performance. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Calgary, Alberta high schools. Patients or Other Participants High school rugby union players (ages 15–18 years) participating in a 2018 season cohort study (n = 380, males = 210, females = 170). Main Outcome Measure(s) Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 scores, including total number of symptoms (of 20), symptom severity (of 132), 10-word immediate memory (of 30), delayed memory (of 10), modified Standardized Assessment of Concussion (of 50), and balance examination (of 30). Results The median number of symptoms reported at baseline ranged from 5 to 8 across sex and age stratifications. Median symptom severity was lowest in males with no concussion history (7; range, 0–28) and highest in females with a concussion history (13, range = 0–45). Median total scores on immediate memory were 2–3 (range = 0–4) for males and 21 (range = 9–29) for females. Median total scores were 3 (range = 0–4) on digits backward and 7 (range = 0–20) on delayed memory (all groups). Based on simultaneous quantile (q) regression at 0.50 and 0.75, adjusted for age and concussion history, being female was associated with a higher total symptoms score (q0.75 βfemale = 2.85; 99% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33, 5.37), higher total symptom severity score (q0.75 βfemale = 8.00; 99% CI = 2.83, 13.17), and lower number of errors on the balance examination (q0.75 βfemale = −3.00; 99% CI = −4.85, −1.15). Age and concussion history were not associated with any summary measures. Conclusions The 10-word list option in the memory section reduced the likelihood of a ceiling effect. A player's sex may be an important consideration when interpreting the SCAT5 after concussion.

scholarly journals Performance of college athletes on the 10-item word list of SCAT5

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Norheim ◽  
Alicia Kissinger-Knox ◽  
Megan Cheatham ◽  
Frank Webbe
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Word List ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
College Athlete ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Black African ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Medical Testing ◽  
Memory Score ◽  
African American Athletes

ObjectivesThe Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 (SCAT5) was published in 2017; however, normative performance within the college athlete population on the optional 10-item word list has not been described. This study reports normative values for immediate memory trials, total immediate memory score and delayed recall of the 10-item word list.MethodsThe SCAT5 was administered as part of the preparticipation medical testing to 514 collegiate student-athletes, aged 17–23 (M=19.65,SD=1.40; 64% male) prior to the 2017–2018 athletic season.ResultsOn the SCAT5’s optional 10-item word list, with a total possible immediate memory score of 30, participants recalled an average of 20.57 (SD=3.22) words over three learning trials, with an average for trial 3 of 8.13 (SD=1.32). The average delayed memory score was 6.59 (SD=1.85). Small but significant demographic comparisons were found. Women scored higher on both immediate and delayed recall, non-native speakers scored higher on delayed recall, and Black/African-American athletes scored lower than White athletes on immediate, and lower than White and Hispanic/Latino athletes on delayed recall.ConclusionThe 10-item word list on the SCAT5 eliminates the ceiling effect observed on the five-item word list of the SCAT3, therefore, increasing its clinical utility in the diagnosis of sports-related concussions. Significant demographic differences suggest use of category-specific norms for sex, native language and race/ethnicity.

scholarly journals Use of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) in professional hockey, part 2: which components differentiate concussed and non-concussed players?

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-102072
Author(s):  
Jared M Bruce ◽  
Joanie Thelen ◽  
Willem Meeuwisse ◽  
Michael G Hutchison ◽  
John Rizos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Word List ◽  
Symptom Report ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Sport Concussion ◽  
List Learning ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Professional Hockey

ObjectivesTo examine the utility of Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT5) subcomponents in differentiating physician diagnosed concussed players from controls.MethodsWe evaluated 1924 professional hockey players at training camp using the National Hockey League (NHL) Modified SCAT5 prior to the 2018–2019 season. Over the course of the season, 314 English-speaking players received SCAT5 evaluations within 1 day of a suspected concussive event. Of these players, 140 (45%) were subsequently diagnosed with concussion by their team physicians.ResultsConcussed players reported more symptoms (Concussed M=8.52, SD=4.78; Control M=3.32, SD=3.97), and recalled fewer words than Controls on both the Immediate Memory (Concussed M=19.34, SD=4.06; Control M=21.53, SD=2.94) and Delayed Recall (Concussed z=−0.91; Control z=−0.09) tasks during the acute evaluation. Concussed players also made more errors than Controls on the mBESS and were more likely to report double vision and exhibit clinician-observed balance problems than controls. There were no between-group differences on the Concentration component of the SCAT5. Stepwise regression revealed that symptom report and list learning tasks both accounted for independent variance in identifying players diagnosed with concussion.ConclusionsThese findings provide support for use of the SCAT5 to assist in identifying concussed professional hockey players. When examining SCAT5 subtests, both symptom report and the 10-item word list accounted for independent variance in identifying concussion status in this sample of professional hockey players. The mBESS also differentiated Concussed players and Controls. The Concentration component of the SCAT5 did not significantly differentiate Concussed players and Controls.

scholarly journals Clinical Utility of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) Tandem-Gait Test in High School Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1096-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Santo ◽  
Robert C. Lynall ◽  
Kevin M. Guskiewicz ◽  
Jason P. Mihalik
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Passing Rate ◽  
Sport Concussion ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Tandem Gait

Context:  Dynamic balance during functional movement may provide important clinical information after concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, version 3 (SCAT3), includes a timed tandem-gait test (heel-to-toe walking) administered with a pass-fail scoring system. Minimal evidence supports inclusion of the tandem-gait test in the SCAT3, especially in high school athletes. Objective:  To determine (1) the percentage of healthy high school athletes who passed (best trial ≤14 seconds) the tandem-gait test at baseline, (2) the association between sex and test performance (pass versus fail), and (3) the relationships among sex, age, height, and tandem-gait test score. Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  High school sports medicine center. Patients or Other Participants:  Two hundred athletes from 4 high schools (age = 15.8 ± 1.2 years, height = 170.3 ± 10.3 cm, weight = 64.8 ± 14.5 kg). Main Outcome Measure(s):  Healthy participants completed 4 trials of the SCAT3 tandem-gait test and a demographic questionnaire. Outcome measures were passing rate at baseline on the tandem-gait test and tandem-gait test score (time). Results:  Overall, 24.5% (49/200) of participants passed the test. Sex and performance were associated (χ2 = 15.15, P < .001), with a passing rate of 38.6% (32/83) for males and 14.5% (17/117) for females. The regression model including predictor variables of sex and height, with the outcome variable of tandem-gait test score and time, was significant (R2 = 0.20, P < .01). Conclusions:  Our findings suggest that the tandem-gait test had a high false-positive rate in high school athletes. Given that more than 75% of healthy participants failed the tandem-gait test, the 14-second cutoff appears to have limited clinical utility in the adolescent population. Functional movement deficits after concussion need to be accounted for, but the 14-second cutoff for the SCAT3 tandem-gait test does not appear to be an ideal way to assess these deficits in high school athletes.

To document false-positive scores on the sport concussion assessment tool (scat3) in high school athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. A78.1-A78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Covassin ◽  
RJ Elbin ◽  
Philip Schatz ◽  
Erica Beidler ◽  
Jessica Wallace
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Sport Concussion

Reliability and Validity of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool–3 (SCAT3) in High School and Collegiate Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 2276-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Y. Chin ◽  
Lindsay D. Nelson ◽  
William B. Barr ◽  
Paul McCrory ◽  
Michael A. McCrea
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Sport Concussion

scholarly journals Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Symptom Inventory: Healthy and Acute Postconcussion Symptom Factor Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1046-1053
Author(s):  
Morgan Anderson ◽  
Kyle M. Petit ◽  
Abigail C. Bretzin ◽  
R.J. Elbin ◽  
Katie L. Stephenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
Sport Concussion

Context Previous researchers have examined factor structures for common concussion symptom inventories. However, they failed to discriminate between the acute (<72 hours) and subacute (3 days–3 months) periods after concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) is an acute assessment that, when compared with other concussion symptom inventories, includes or excludes symptoms that may result in different symptom factors. Objective The primary purpose was to investigate the symptom factor structure of the 22-item SCAT symptom inventory in healthy, uninjured and acutely concussed high school and collegiate athletes. The secondary purpose was to document the frequency of the unique SCAT symptom inventory items. Design Case series. Setting High school and college. Patients or Other Participants A total of 1334 healthy, uninjured and 200 acutely concussed high school and collegiate athletes. Main Outcome Measure(s) Healthy, uninjured participants completed the SCAT symptom inventory at a single assessment. Participants in the acutely concussed sample completed the SCAT symptom inventory within 72 hours after concussion. Two separate exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) using a principal component analysis and varimax extraction method were conducted. Results A 3-factor solution accounted for 48.1% of the total variance for the healthy, uninjured sample: cognitive-fatigue (eg, feeling “in a fog” and “don't feel right”), migraine (eg, neck pain and headache), and affective (eg, more emotional and sadness) symptom factors. A 3-factor solution accounted for 55.0% of the variance for the acutely concussed sample: migraine-fatigue (eg, headache and “pressure in the head”), affective (eg, sadness and more emotional), and cognitive-ocular (eg, difficulty remembering and balance problems) symptom factors. Conclusions The inclusion of unique SCAT symptom inventory items did not alter the symptom factor structure for the healthy, uninjured sample. For the acutely concussed sample, all but 1 unique SCAT symptom inventory item (neck pain) loaded onto a factor.

Self-Recognition of Alcohol and Cigarette Dependency among High School Seniors

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Daughton ◽  
David M. Daughton ◽  
Kashinath D. Patil
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Public High School ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcohol Users

A brief, anonymous survey of 284 high school seniors at one mid-western metropolitan public high school assessed current smoking, history of alcohol use, and students' beliefs in future risk of dependency. A major purpose was to assess students' self-recognition of alcohol and cigarette dependency. Of the seniors surveyed, 92 (32%) were current smokers, and 237 (84%) reported a previous history of alcohol use. 52% of current smokers indicated they were already “hooked” on cigarettes or anticipated a good chance of cigarette addiction five years later. In contrast, 94% of regular alcohol users indicated there was either no chance (71%) or only a mild chance (23%) of ever becoming an alcoholic. Six of every ten high school smokers surveyed reported that quitting cigarettes for three days would be difficult.

Sport concussion assessment tool-2 (SCAT2) scores in the acute phase following concussion in high school athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. e1.44-e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richelle M Mayfield ◽  
Lindsey Shepherd ◽  
Tamara C Valovich McLeod ◽  
R Curtis Bay
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Sport Concussion

scholarly journals Risk of Falling and Associated Factors in Older Adults with a Previous History of Falls

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4085
Author(s):  
Begoña Pellicer-García ◽  
Isabel Antón-Solanas ◽  
Enrique Ramón-Arbués ◽  
Loreto García-Moyano ◽  
Vicente Gea-Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
History Of

Falls in the elderly are one of the main geriatric syndromes and a clear indicator of fragility in the older adult population. This has serious consequences, leading to an increase in disability, institutionalization and death. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the prevalence of risk of falling and associated factors in a population of 213 non-institutionalised, able older adults with a history of falling in the previous year. We used the following assessment tools: Questionnaire of the WHO for the study of falls in the elderly, Geriatric Depression Scale and Tinetti’s Gait and Balance Assessment Tool. Age, using ambulatory assistive devices, polymedication, hospital admission following a fall and depression were significantly associated with risk of falling. In order to prevent fall reoccurrence, community-based fall prevention programs should be implemented.

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