scholarly journals Managing anthelmintic resistance in small ruminant livestock of resource-poor farmers in South Africa : review article

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Vatta ◽  
A.L.E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Nutrient Supplementation ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Important Disease

Gastrointestinal parasitism is one of the most important disease complexes of sheep and goats impacting on the resource-poor livestock farmer. Of the responsible nematodes, Haemonchus contortus, a blood-sucking worm of the abomasum, poses possibly the greatest threat. Over the past several decades, the worm has been controlled through the use of anthelmintics, but the emergence of anthelmintic resistance has threatened this chemotherapeutic approach. In Africa, the overall prevalence of anthelmintic resistance has not been extensively investigated, particularly within the resource-poor farming sector, but resistance has been reported from at least 14 countries with most of the reports emanating from Kenya and South Africa and the majority concerning H. contortus. While levels of resistance under commercial sheep farming systems in South Africa is considered to be amongst the worst in the world, resistance has also been reported from the resource-poor farming sector. Increases in productivity and reproduction of livestock and the development of markets for sale of animals are seen by international funding bodies as a way out of poverty for communities that keep livestock. This must lead to the greater need for parasite control. At such times, the risk of levels of anthelmintic resistance escalating is much greater and there is therefore a need to look at alternatives to their use. Proposed strategies include the appropriate, but judicious use of anthelmintics by application of the FAMACHA(c) system and the use of alternatives to anthelmintics such as strategic nutrient supplementation. It is also very clear that there is a strong demand for knowledge about animal diseases, including helminthosis, and their effective management in the resource-poor livestock farming communities. This is an important challenge to meet.

Risk factors associated with occurrence of anthelmintic resistance in sheep of resource-poor farmers in Limpopo province, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-563
Author(s):  
Morutse Mphahlele ◽  
Ana M. Tsotetsi-Khambule ◽  
Rebone Moerane ◽  
Majela L. Mashiloane ◽  
Oriel M. M. Thekisoe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Resource Poor

scholarly journals A questionnaire survey on diseases and problems affecting sheep and goats in communal farming regions of the Eastern Cape province, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth F. Bath ◽  
Mary-Louise Penrith ◽  
Rhoda Leask
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Business Skills ◽  
Support Programme

A questionnaire of 15 questions was completed by four categories of respondents with the aim of establishing the experience and opinions of these groups on the constraints including animal health problems for communal, small-scale sheep and goat farming in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The questionnaires were completed independently and categories were representative of the areas investigated. Analysis of responses was done by means, ranges, votes and clusters of responses. Comparisons between the responses of the four categories were made to identify similarities or contrasts. The results revealed that of non-veterinary concerns, stock theft was the major problem for these farms. Nutrition was a further major constraint. A third area of significant concern was the provision or availability of facilities like fences, water troughs, dips and sheds. Lack of marketing and business skills were also seen as important deficiencies to be rectified so as to promote profitable farming. Of the most important veterinary problems identified, the provision, availability, cost and care of drugs and vaccines were seen as major stumbling blocks to effective disease control, as well as lack of access to veterinary services. The most important diseases that constrain small-ruminant livestock farming in the farming systems investigated were sheep scab and other ectoparasites, heart water, enterotoxaemia, internal parasites and bluetongue. A lack of knowledge in key areas of small-stock farming was revealed and should be rectified by an effective training and support programme to improve the contribution of small-ruminant farming to livelihoods in these communities.

scholarly journals Integrated Pest Management Programs with Special Emphasis on Livestock Production in India: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (03) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Anis KV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Livestock Farming Systems ◽  
Controlling Measures

Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites considered as a great role in medical and veterinary science. However, they can transmit a wide variety of infectious agents that significantly impact animals’ health and product performance, which negatively reflects the livelihood of resource-poor farming communities, especially in India because 80% of the human population depends on income from dairy farms. This review focused on the problems associated with TBDs and integrated tick control strategies, emphasizing livestock farming systems in India. Developments discussed in the review in the controlling measures such as the efficacy of acaricides, biological control, and recent advances in vaccine development.

Growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass and meat quality of tropically adapted breed types from different farming systems in South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Strydom ◽  
L. Frylinck ◽  
J. van der Westhuizen ◽  
H. M. Burrow
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Poor Farmer

Two experiments measured the ability of tropically adapted beef breeds from resource-poor farmer herds in South Africa to produce high quality beef under commercial feedlot conditions. The resource-poor farming sector consists of ‘emerging’ and communal farmers. The herd and breed groups consisted of Sanga types (tropically adapted Bos taurus breed) including Nguni, Tuli, Bonsmara and Drakensberger, as well as Brahman and non-descript groups. The cattle were slaughtered after an average of 97 days in the first experiment and after an average of 92, 140 and 169 days on a grain-based diet in the second experiment. Growth performance, carcass quality and yield, occurrence of disease and meat quality were measured. The performance of the breeds groups was a function of their genetic potential and herd type (carcass weight and condition at arrival). Steers from emerging and communal farmer herds enter the feedlot at a lighter weight, but show similar growth performance to achieve acceptable, albeit lighter carcass weights, than their commercial counterparts. The incidence of disease was no different between commercial, emerging and communal herds. Carcass and meat quality analyses indicate small or no differences between herd types or breeds, except that Brahman produced tougher meat. It was concluded that cattle from resource-poor farmer herds have the ability to meet the specifications of South Africa’s commercial beef markets, indicating a genuine opportunity for import substitution, whereby the more than 5 million cattle in resource-poor farmer herds could be used to overcome the significant shortfall in South Africa’s domestic beef market demand.

Transforming the Rural Agricultural Landscape Through Groundwater Optimisation: Exploring A Chinese-South African Partnership

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala Dorasamy ◽  
Olayemi Bakre
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

The majority of the South African rural populace is directly or indirectly engaged in agricultural practices to earn a livelihood. However, impediments such as climate change, water shortages, and inadequacy of institutional support have undermined these once thriving subsistence farming communities. Furthermore, poor leadership in hydrology, coupled with a lack of depth in skills at all government levels to facilitate the understanding of the importance of groundwater, has made it near impossible for subsistence farmers to benefit optimally from groundwater. The 2012 drought experienced in South Africa paralysed several subsistence farming communities in KwaZulu-Natal. To revamp subsistence farming and assist these farmers across South Africa, the Department of Water and Sanitation launched interventions, but despite the enormous resources expended, indicators (e.g. unsustainable farming practices, poor crop yield, pitiable living conditions, and poor standards of living) provide evidence that these interventions have not yielded the desired results. This paper seeks to suggest practicable interventions aimed at reducing the vulnerability of subsistence farmers in KwaZulu-Natal. The study pursued a qualitative approach in that it solicited the views of experts on groundwater and in related fields to gain an in-depth perspective. Some of the core challenges undermining the sustainability and growth of subsistence farming in the study area were found to be the inadequacy of experts on groundwater, water shortages, institutional deficiencies, lack of political will, and lack of coordination among stakeholders. Pragmatic recommendations are made to address these challenges, among other things to encourage a South African-Chinese partnership in the hydrology sector.

scholarly journals Agroecological practices to support tropical livestock farming systems: a Caribbean and Latin American perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Alexandre ◽  
Lylian Rodriguez ◽  
Javier Arece ◽  
José Delgadillo ◽  
Gary Wayne Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Livestock Farming Systems ◽  
American Perspective

scholarly journals Nanotechnology and Reproductive Management of Farm Animals: Challenges and Advances

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1932
Author(s):  
Nesrein M. Hashem ◽  
Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Livestock Farming Systems ◽  
Reproductive Disease ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Reproductive efficiency of farm animals has central consequences on productivity and profitability of livestock farming systems. Optimal reproductive management is based on applying different strategies, including biological, hormonal, nutritional strategies, as well as reproductive disease control. These strategies should not only guarantee sufficient reproductive outcomes but should also comply with practical and ethical aspects. For example, the efficiency of the biological- and hormonal-based reproductive strategies is mainly related to several biological factors and physiological status of animals, and of nutritional strategies, additional factors, such as digestion and absorption, can contribute. In addition, the management of reproductive-related diseases is challenged by the concerns regarding the intensive use of antibiotics and the development of antimicrobial resistant strains. The emergence of nanotechnology applications in livestock farming systems may present innovative and new solutions for overcoming reproductive management challenges. Many drugs (hormones and antibiotics), biological molecules, and nutrients can acquire novel physicochemical properties using nanotechnology; the main ones are improved bioavailability, higher cellular uptake, controlled sustained release, and lower toxicity compared with ordinary forms. In this review, we illustrate advances in the most common reproductive management strategies by applying nanotechnology, considering the current challenges of each strategy.

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