scholarly journals A Logistics Barometer for South Africa: Towards sustainable freight mobility

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Havenga ◽  
Anneke De Bod ◽  
Zane P. Simpson ◽  
Nadia Viljoen ◽  
David King
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Gravity Modelling ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport ◽  
Key Interventions

Background: South Africa has a disproportionately high freight transport demand owing to industrial development far from ports, low domestic beneficiation and improper modal use. Historical freight transport policy supported primary economic development, failing to preempt the changing economic structure and the resulting freight transport needs, resulting in excessive transport costs and externalities.Objectives: To share the macroeconomic freight transport challenges revealed by South Africa’s Logistics Barometer, and to identify key interventions to address these.Method: Freight flows are modelled by disaggregating the national input–output model into 83 commodity groupings and 372 geographical areas, culminating in a 30-year forecast at 5-year intervals for three scenarios, followed by distance-decay gravity modelling to determine freight flows. Logistics costs are calculated by relating these flows to the costs of fulfilling associated logistic functions.Results: Long-distance transport remains the largest general freight typology and is, due to inefficient macro logistics design, extremely costly, both in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic costs.Conclusion: South Africa’s freight task will grow 2.5-fold by 2043. Logistics and externality costs are already untenable at current levels. The development of domestic intermodal solutions will support the drive towards sustainable freight mobility.

scholarly journals Identification of key target markets for intermodal freight transport solutions in South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joubert Van Eeden ◽  
Jan Havenga
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Freight Logistics ◽  
Segmentation Approach ◽  
Role Players ◽  
Growth Initiative ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Distance Transport

The Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa (AsgiSA) identified South Africa's freight logistics challenges as among the key binding constraints on the country's growth aspirations. The research presented here points to the structural imbalance between road and rail freight transport as one of the key contributors to this state of affairs. Most long-distance corridor transport has been captured by road. However, long-distance transport is a market segment that is very suitable for intermodal transportation : rail is utilised for the high-density, long-distance component and road for the feeder and distribution services at the corridor end points. A market segmentation approach is developed to identify the corridors and industries that are natural candidates for such solutions, thereby paving the way for role-players and stakeholders to initiate a dialogue on the development of appropriate solutions.

The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Long-Distance Transportation with the Example of Sea and Rail Transport

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1689
Author(s):  
Tomasz Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Transport Analysis ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distance Transport

The subject of the article is a comparative long-distance transport analysis based on the relationship between central and eastern China and Poland. It provides an overview of issues related to long-haul China–Poland. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was proposed in the multi-criteria analysis. This method was briefly discussed, and its choice was justified. Then, the criteria adopted in the analysis were presented, i.e., time, cost, maximum number of containers, and ecology index. Multi-criteria analysis was carried out for three cases: the transport of one loading unit, 82 loading units, and 200 loading units. The geopolitical and operational situation on the transport route for the analyzed modes of transport was discussed.

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