scholarly journals Diet of bat-eared foxes Otocyon megalotis in the Karoo

Koedoe ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kuntzsch ◽  
J.A.J. Nel
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Sheep Farm ◽  
Farming Area

The diet of bat-eared foxes Otocyon megalotis was studied from March 1988 to September 1989 at two sites near Beaufort West in the central Karoo. In a near-natural habitat (Karoo National Park), insects and wild fruit contributed almost equally to the diet, while more insects than plant material were consumed on a sheep farm (Saucyskuil). Adult and larval Coleoptera (KNP) and Orthoptera (Saucyskuil) were predominantly preyed upon in an opportunistic manner, influenced by food availability. A higher volume of Isoptera was consumed at Saucyskuil, suggesting higher availability in the farming area.

Predicting the Distribution of Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) in Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58612
Author(s):  
Silvi Dwi Anasari ◽  
Wulan Pusparini ◽  
Noviar Andayani
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Presence Data ◽  
Manis Javanica ◽  
In The Wild

The distribution of a species can help guide the protection activities in their natural habitat. Conversely, the lack of information on this distribution makes the protection strategy of this species difficult. The research was conducted in Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park from January until March 2018. The purposes of this research were to create a distribution prediction map of Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) and estimating the environment variables that most influenced the probability of the distribution. Fourteen points of camera trap coordinates were used for presence data with nine types of environment variables such as elevation, slope, understorey, canopy cover, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from villages, food source, and distance from the threat. The result of maxent showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.909 categorized as very good. The highest probability of Sunda pangolin distributions was in the Pemerihan Resort and Way Haru Resort area, while the dominant environmental variables included the distance from the village, the canopy cover, and the distance from threat with the value 47.7; 25.85; and 15.8%, respectively. Prediction maps and environment variables can help to identify the population of Sunda pangolin in the wild and can provide input for the national parks to prioritize protection areas for Sunda pangolin from the increased poaching.

Embryos of eastern rainbowfish Melanotaenia splendida splendida (Peters, 1866) tolerate fluctuating hypoxia

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
N. Flint ◽  
R. G. Pearson ◽  
M. R. Crossland
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Submerged Plant ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Egg Incubation

Hypoxia can have profound sublethal effects on reproduction and embryonic development of some freshwater fish. In the present study, the effects of diel fluctuating hypoxia on embryo viability were investigated for the eastern rainbowfish Melanotaenia splendida splendida, a small-bodied species common in wetlands of tropical Queensland. After daily hypoxic exposure (minimum 5% saturation) from fertilisation until hatch, no effects were found on egg incubation time, egg and larval mortality, and viability and size of hatching larvae. Older life history stages of the species are vulnerable to this level of hypoxia. Embryos of phytolithophilic species are likely exposed to fluctuating dissolved oxygen saturations in their natural habitat, and hypoxia tolerance may be a requirement for fish species that spawn predominantly on submerged plant material.

scholarly journals DOMESTICATION, DEGENERATION, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ADDO ELEPHANT NATIONAL PARK IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1910s–1930s

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
JULES SKOTNES-BROWN
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article examines conflict between farmers and elephants in the Addo region in 1910s–1930s South Africa to explore the porosity of the concepts ‘wild’, ‘tame’, and ‘domestic’, and their relationship to race, degeneration, nature conservation, and colonialism. In the 1910s, settler farmers indicted the ‘Addo Elephants’, as ‘vicious’ thieves who raided crops and ‘hunted’ farmers. This view conflicted with a widespread perception of elephants as docile, sagacious, and worthy of protection. Seeking to reconcile these views, bureaucrats were divided between exterminating the animals, creating a game reserve, and drawing upon the expertise of Indian mahouts to domesticate them. Ultimately, all three options were attempted: the population was decimated by hunter Phillip Jacobus Pretorius, an elephant reserve was created, the animals were tamed to ‘lose their fear of man’ and fed oranges. Despite the presence of tame elephants and artificial feeding, the reserve was publicized as a natural habitat, and a window onto the prehistoric. This was not paradoxical but provokes a need to rethink the relationship between wildness, tameness, and domesticity. These concepts were not implicitly opposed but existed on a spectrum paralleling imperialist hierarchies of civilization, race, and evolution, upon which tame elephants could still be considered wild.

scholarly journals Small terrestrial mammal distributions in Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia: a reassessment after 88 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan W Craig ◽  
William T Stanley ◽  
Julian C Kerbis Peterhans ◽  
Josef Bryja ◽  
Yonas Meheretu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Small Mammal Community ◽  
Distribution And Ecology

Abstract Despite the presence of mostly endemic species, the most comprehensive data set on the distribution and ecology of small mammals inhabiting Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP) dated from 1927. The study we carried out and report here provides a unique opportunity to assess the possible role of climate change over the last 88 years on the elevational distribution of mammals in the Ethiopian highlands. Between September and November 2015, three of us (EWC, WTS, YM) collected nonvolant small mammals at four sites (2,900, 3,250, 3,600, and 4,000 m a.s.l.) along the western slope of the Simien Mountains using standardized sampling. Over a 4-week period we recorded 13 species, comprising 11 species of rodents and two of shrews, all endemic to the Ethiopian Plateau. We found the greatest species richness at mid-elevations (3,250 m), consistent with a general pattern found on many other mountains worldwide, but less so in Africa. We compared our species distribution results to the 1927 data set and found upward elevational shifts in species’ ranges, highlighting the role and influence of climate change on the small mammal community. SMNP represents an exceptionally valuable core area of endemism and the best protected natural habitat in northern Ethiopia.

Comparison of body weights between captive and free-ranging juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsoni)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1916-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah H. Harding ◽  
Josefine C. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Free Ranging

Body weights of free-ranging and captive juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsoni) were determined at regular intervals during the nonhibernating season. Animals in captivity gained weight at a faster rate and to a greater extent than those in their natural habitat. Attainment of maximum weights in captive ground squirrels was associated with a reduction in food intake and could not be related to food availability, a change in temperature, or in photoperiod.

scholarly journals Small terrestrial mammal distributions in Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia: A reassessment after 88 years

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan W. Craig ◽  
William T. Stanley ◽  
Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans ◽  
Josef Bryja ◽  
Yonas Meheretu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Ethiopian Plateau ◽  
Small Mammal Community ◽  
Distribution And Ecology

Little is known about the distribution and ecology of small mammals inhabiting Simien Mountains National Park despite the presence of mostly endemic species. Prior to this study, the most comprehensive dataset was collected in 1927. This provides a unique opportunity to assess the possible role of climate change over the last 88 years on the elevational distribution of mammals in the Ethiopian highlands. Between September and November 2015, three of us (EWC, WTS, YM) collected non-volant small mammals at four sites (2900, 3250, 3600, and 4000 m a.s.l.) along the western slope of the Simien Mountains using standardized sampling. Over a four-week period we recorded 13 species, comprising 11 rodents and two shrews, all endemic to the Ethiopian Plateau. We found greatest species richness at mid-elevations (3250 m), consistent with a general pattern found on many other mountains worldwide but less so in Africa. We discovered one potentially new species of shrew. No previously unrecorded rodent species were observed. Finally, we compared our species distribution results to the 1927 dataset and found upward elevational shifts in species ranges, suggesting the role and influence of climate change on the small mammal community. Simien Mountains National Park represents an exceptionally valuable core area of endemism and the best protected natural habitat in northern Ethiopia.

Studi Populasi Elang Jawa (Spizaetus bartelsi Stresemann, 1924) di Gunung Salak, Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun – Salak

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Dharmawan Pandu Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Species Distribution Map ◽  
Arcview Gis

Abstract Javan Hawk – Eagles is an endemic raptor species in Java Island which is protected by the state and listed as endangered by IUCN and CITES Appendix II. The population of Javan Hawk - Eagles has been greatly reduced due to large-scale of illegal logging and forest destruction. The initial step that could be taken to preserve this species is to study the population in its natural habitat. Thus, studying the population of Javan Hawk - Eagles was the aim of this research. The research was conducted at Gunung Salak, Gunung Halimun – Salak National Park in February to March 2011. Method used was explorative descriptive with look-down method on particular. Data were analyzed descriptively by describing the species’ distribution map by using ArcGIS and ArcView GIS 3.3 softwares. The results showed that the eagle population consisted of    13 individuals with density and abundance values of 0.183 individuals/km2 (1 individual/6 km2) and 2. The values fell into “few category” and the distribution pattern was categorized as “uniform”. The eagles’ habitats were forest and hills at 797-1.383 meters above sea level although they are seen more often in forest.   Key words: Gunung Salak, Javan Hawk – Eagles, population

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