Effect of graded levels of wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles on rumen fermentation in finishing cattle

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Beliveau ◽  
J J McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Inclusion Level

A 4 × 4 Latin square experiment using ruminally cannulated heifers (388 ± 25 kg, mean ± SD) was conducted to evaluate the effects of graded levels (0, 7, 14, 21% DM basis) of wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) on rumen fermentation characteristics and eating behaviour of cattle fed barley-based diets. Mean rumen pH at cutoff values of pH 5.8 or less (P = 0.02) and pH 5.5 or less (P < 0.01) and pH area between 5.2 and 5.5 (P = 0.02) decreased cubically as DDGS content increased with maximum pH at 2.6% and minimum pH at 14.7% DDGS inclusion levels. A cubic effect of DDGS inclusion level (P = 0.03) was noted for time below pH 5.2 where local minima and maxima were found at 2.9 and 15.0% DDGS. Ammonia N (P < 0.01) and the acetate:propionate ratio (P = 0.01) increased, while propionate decreased (P < 0.01) linearly as DDGS content increased. It was concluded that despite the high fibre, low starch nature of wheat-based DDGS, substitution for barley did not improve the acidic rumen fermentation conditions associated with feeding barley-based finishing diets. Key words: Wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles, rumen fermentation, feeding behaviour, sub-acute ruminal acidosis

scholarly journals Effect of graded levels of wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Beliveau ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Inclusion Level

A trial was conducted to evaluate graded levels of wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing cattle. Two hundred weaned calves (290 ± 17 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 20 pens and fed one of five DDGS treatments. The barley grain-based control diet (0% DDGS) was formulated to 12% crude protein (CP) and 1.52 and 0.93 Mcal kg-1 net energy maintenance (NEm) and net energy gain (NEg) respectively, during the backgrounding period and 1.90 and 1.26 Mcal kg-1 NEm and NEg respectively, during finishing. Wheat-based DDGS replaced (DM basis) barley grain at levels of 8, 16, 24 and 32% during backgrounding and 6, 12, 18 and 23% during finishing. Over the 85-d backgrounding period, dry matter intake (DMI) (P = 0.02), average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.04), and ultrasound (US) l. dorsi gain (P = 0.02) exhibited a cubic response to DDGS inclusion level with theoretical minima at 6.9, 8.1 and 6.9% DDGS, respectively, and theoretical maxima responses at 27.2, 30.8 and 23.9% DDGS, respectively. Feed efficiency exhibited a quadratic response (P = 0.02) to DDGS inclusion level with a theoretical poorest response at 13.1% DDGS. No effect (P > 0.05) of DDGS inclusion level was noted on ADG, DMI or feed efficiency (kg gain:kg feed; FE) during the finishing period. Similarly, carcass traits were not influenced (P > 0.05) by DDGS inclusion level. The results of this study indicate that wheat-based DDGS can serve as an effective replacement for barley grain in cattle diets supplying both energy and protein and that for finishing cattle, wheat-based DDGS has an energy value at least equal to that of barley grain when fed at levels up to 23% of the diet DM. Key words: Wheat-based dried distillers' grains with solubles, growing and finishing cattle, performance and carcass quality

scholarly journals Inclusion of Wheat Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles from Bioethanol Plants in Diets for Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Philip C. Garnsworthy ◽  
Michael Marsden ◽  
Jennifer R. Goodman ◽  
Neil Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) from bioethanol production can replace soya in diets for dairy cows, but the optimum inclusion level of European wheat DDGS (wDDGS) is unknown. Two batches of wDDGS from different UK bioethanol plants were fed to 44 (Experiment 1) and 40 (Experiment 2) cows in a Latin square design. Each wDDGS replaced soya and rapeseed at four inclusion levels (g/kg of diet dry matter (DM): 0, 80, 160 and 240—Experiment 1; 0, 75, 150 and 225—Experiment 2). Diets were balanced for metabolisable energy (ME) and protein (MP), and for minimum starch and saturated fat in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, DM intake (29 kg/day) and milk yield (42.3 kg/day) were unaffected by wDDGS inclusion up to 160 g/kg but were lower than control with 240 g/kg inclusion, which was attributed to the low proportion of solubles in this wDDGS batch. In Experiment 2, DM intake (22.4 kg/day) and milk yield (32.1 kg/day) were unaffected by wDDGS inclusion up to 225 g/kg. ME content of wDDGS, determined in vivo (MJ/kg DM) was 12.1 (Experiment 1) and 13.4 (Experiment 2). It is concluded that the optimum inclusion level of wDDGS is at least 225 g/kg DM in diets balanced for minimum starch and saturated fat as well as ME and MP supplies.

scholarly journals PSIV-22 The effects of altering ruminal fermentable carbohydrate supply in finishing diets containing distillers grains on rumen fermentation characteristics and nitrogen utilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
Cody Ream ◽  
Allison V Stevens ◽  
Gwinyai Chibisa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Total Urine

Abstract This study examined the effects of altering ruminal fermentable carbohydrate (RFC) supply by feeding different amounts of corn and wheat in finishing cattle diets containing 15% corn dried distillers grains [DDGS; dry matter (DM) basis] on ruminal fermentation characteristics and nitrogen (N) utilization. Six ruminally-cannulated crossbred heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 28 d periods. Dietary treatments were either corn (73% of diet DM; CON), 53:20 corn:wheat blend (20W) or 33:40 corn:wheat blend (40W) as the major fermentable carbohydrate source. Diets were isonitrogenous (12% CP; DM basis). Feed intake was measured daily. Indwelling pH logger were used to measure ruminal pH (d 22 to 28) and ruminal fluid was collected from d 26 to 28 to determine fermentation characteristics, as were feces and urine to measure N excretion. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Dry matter and N intake tended to be lower (P ≤ 0.07) for heifers fed the 40W compared to the CON and 20W diets. There was no diet effect (P = 0.15) on total VFA concentration; however, the duration and area for pH &lt; 5.5 tended to be longer (P = 0.07) and greater (P = 0.096), respectively, for heifers fed the 20W and 40W compared to the CON diet. There was no diet effect (P ≥ 0.44) on ruminal ammonia concentration and total urine N excretion (g and % of N intake). However, urine urea N (UUN) excretion as a percentage of total urine N tended to be lower (P = 0.05) in heifers fed the 20W and 40W compared to the CON diet. In summary, although altering RFC supply by feeding increasing amounts of wheat resulted in a decrease in UUN excretion, it also caused a decrease in ruminal pH that possibly compromised DM intake.

scholarly journals Evaluation of wheat or corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Walter ◽  
J L Aalhus ◽  
W M Robertson ◽  
T A McAllister ◽  
D J Gibb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Corn Ddgs

A study was conducted on crossbred steers (n = 275; 376 ± 24 kg) to evaluate performance and carcass quality of cattle fed wheat or corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS). The control ration contained 86.6% rolled barley grain, 5.7% supplement and 7.7% barley silage (DM basis). The four treatments included replacement of barley grain at 20 or 40% of the diet (DM basis) with wheat or corn DDGS. Steers were slaughtered at a common end weight of 645 kg with 100 steers randomly (n = 20 per treatment) selected for determination of the retail yield of sub-primal boneless boxed beef (SPBBB). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using pen as the experimental unit. Feeding increasing levels of wheat DDGS led to a quadratic increase in dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.01), whereas increasing levels of corn DDGS led to a quadratic decrease in DMI (P = 0.01). Average daily gain was not influenced (P = 0.13) by feeding wheat or corn DDGS, but cattle fed corn DDGS exhibited a quadratic increase (P = 0.01) in gain:feed. As a result, a quadratic increase (P < 0.01) in calculated NEg of the diet was observed as corn DDGS levels increased. A linear decrease (P = 0.04) in days on feed (169, 166 and 154 d) was noted when increasing levels of wheat DDGS (0, 20 and 40%) were fed. Dressing percentage increased in a linear fashion with wheat DDGS (P < 0.01) inclusion level and in a quadratic fashion (P = 0.01) as corn DDGS inclusion level increased although other carcass traits were not affected (P > 0.10) by treatment. The results indicate that replacement of barley grain with corn or wheat DDGS up to 40% of the diet (DM) can lead to superior performance (improved gain:feed or reduced days on feed, respectively) with no detrimental effect on quality grade or carcass SPBBB yield.Key words: Dried distillers’ grains with solubles, corn, wheat, feedlot performance, carcass quality, steers

Evaluation of sulfur content of dried distillers grains with solubles in finishing diets based on steam-flaked corn or dry-rolled corn1,2

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 2582-2591 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Uwituze ◽  
G. L. Parsons ◽  
C. J. Schneider ◽  
K. K. Karges ◽  
M. L. Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains

In vitro study of the effect of corn dried distillers grains with solubles on rumen fermentation in sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pecka-Kiełb ◽  
W. Zawadzki ◽  
A. Zachwieja ◽  
O. Michel ◽  
M. Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Ruminal Microorganisms

Abstract The aim of the in vitro study was to determine the effect of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (corn DDGS), used as a replacement for the concentrate ingredients of sheep diet, on rumen fermentation. The material for the study was the ruminal fluid of Polish Merino sheep which was incubated during 4-, 8- or 24-hour periods. Five groups of samples were prepared for in vitro fermentation: C – control, incubated with the substrate consisting of the concentrate ingredients; D1, D2 and D3, where DDGS was used as a substrate added in proportions of 10, 20 and 30% of dry matter of the concentrate; and D4, where 100% DDGS was used as a substrate. After fermentation, the gas and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analyses were performed using gas chromatography. The ammonia concentration and pH were also determined, and the SCFA utilization index (NGR), the fermentation efficiency (FE) and the index of cell yield of ruminal microorganisms (CY) were calculated. This research showed no effect of DDGS on the methane emission. The positive correlations between the amount of methane and ammonia concentrations in the 8- and 24-hour fermentation periods were found. DDGS addition increased propionate proportion, but decreased production of acetate (p<0.01). Additionally, D1, D2, D3 and D4 substrates lowered isobutyrate (p<0.05) and isovalerate (p<0.01) production. Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that partial substitution of the concentrate ingredients with DDGS did not have deleterious effect on sheep rumen fermentation processes.

scholarly journals Alkali addition and roughage inclusion effect on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with solubles

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1296-1314
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Lancaster ◽  
Chris R Muegge ◽  
Jose R Reis de Carvalho ◽  
Rodrigo Cistolo Lopes ◽  
Rafael S Narumiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Alkali Addition

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) addition and roughage inclusion on digestibility, performance, and carcass characteristics of steers fed 60% dried distillers grains with solubles (DGS). Statistical analyses for studies were conducted using the MIXED procedures of SAS. In experiment 1, 48 steers (353.5 ± 7.55 kg) were allotted to individual pens and fed 1 of 3 diets (dry matter [DM] basis) containing 60% dried DGS, 20% corn silage, and 4% supplement with: 1) 14.5% corn and no Ca(OH)2; 2) 14% corn and 2% Ca(OH)2; and 3) 14.5% additional corn silage and no Ca(OH)2. Steers fed Ca(OH)2 consumed the least (P = 0.03) and steers fed added corn silage consumed the most and had the least gain:feed (P = 0.02). Gain and carcass quality were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.48). In experiment 2, 112 steers (375.3 ± 19.25 kg) were allotted to pens (four pens per treatment; seven steers per pen) arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial (roughage × Ca(OH)2) and fed one of four diets (DM basis) containing 60% dried DGS, 17% corn silage, and 4% supplement with: 1) 17.5% corn silage and no Ca(OH)2; 2) 17% corn silage and 2% Ca(OH)2; 3) 17.25% corn stover and no Ca(OH)2; and 4) 17% corn stover and 2% Ca(OH)2. Added stover decreased average daily gain (ADG) compared to added corn silage (P = 0.04). Ca(OH)2 increased ADG when steers were fed stover, but not when steers were fed only corn silage (P = 0.05; interaction). In experiment 3, six ruminally cannulated steers (initial body weight = 352 ± 14.8 kg) were randomly allotted to a 6 × 6 Latin square design to determine the effects of roughage inclusion (corn, corn silage, stover) and Ca(OH)2 addition (0% or 2%) on ruminal characteristics. Feeding stover decreased total volatile fatty acid(s) (VFA) concentration and DM digestibility compared to corn silage or corn (P &lt; 0.01), whereas Ca(OH)2 resulted in greater total VFA concentrations and DM digestibility (P ≤ 0.02). Stover increased rate of DM degradation (Kd) and rate of particle outflow from the rumen (P ≤ 0.04) but decreased extent of DM digestion and mean retention time (P ≤ 0.02) compared to corn or silage. Ca(OH)2 increased Kd (P &lt; 0.01) and tended to increase (P = 0.06) liquid passage rate. In conclusion, added roughage did not improve performance of cattle fed 60% dried DGS. Ca(OH)2 may decrease intake and maintain performance of cattle fed 60% dried DGS with corn silage as the roughage source and increases ADG when corn stover replaces a portion of the corn silage.

169 The Effect of Standardized Ileal Digestible isoleucine:lysine in Diets Containing 20% Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles on Finishing Pig Performance and Carcass Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 60-60
Author(s):  
David A Clizer ◽  
Ryan S Samuel ◽  
Paul M Cline
Keyword(s):  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Previous research suggests an increase of the isoleucine (Ile) requirement for late finishing pigs. Diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) provide excess leucine which can lead to changes in available Ile due to the antagonistic relationship of branched chain amino acids. Therefore, the Ile requirement in finishing diets containing DDGS deserve to be re-evaluated. A finishing study was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Ile:Lysine (Lys) requirement in diets containing 20% DDGS. Pigs (n = 2,268; 82.3 ± 0.39 kgs) were used in a 56-d trial (14 replicates per treatment). Pens were assigned to one of six dietary treatments balancing for previous treatment. Treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal diet (CS) or diets containing 20% DDGS with a SID Ile:lys ratio of 55, 60, 65, 70, or 75%. Data was analyzed as a randomized complete block, pair-wise comparisons and single degree of freedom orthogonal polynomials (DDGS diets only) were used to evaluate treatment responses, and pen was the experimental unit. Increasing the SID Ile:Lys did not impact cumulative performance of pigs fed diets containing 20% DDGS (P &gt; 0.175). Pigs fed CS had improved (P &lt; 0.010) ADFI compared to pigs fed SID Ile:Lys of 65 and 75% and tended (P = 0.084) to have greater ADG than 55 and 75% Ile:Lys treatments. Feed efficiency did not differ due to treatment (P = 0.427). Increasing the SID Ile:Lys to 65% in 20% DDGS diets decreased back fat and increased loin depth (quadratic; P &lt; 0.029) and tended to increase percent lean (quadratic; P = 0.076), but did not alter hot carcass weight (P &gt; 0.428). Pigs fed CS diets had greater hot carcass weights (P &lt; 0.031) compared to pigs fed DDGS diets except for pigs fed 60% Ile:Lys diets. These data suggest a SID Ile:Lys of 60% is required to maximize growth performance and SID Ile:Lys of 65% increases carcass traits in diets containing 20% DDGS.

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