scholarly journals Alkali addition and roughage inclusion effect on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with solubles

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1296-1314
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Lancaster ◽  
Chris R Muegge ◽  
Jose R Reis de Carvalho ◽  
Rodrigo Cistolo Lopes ◽  
Rafael S Narumiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Alkali Addition

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) addition and roughage inclusion on digestibility, performance, and carcass characteristics of steers fed 60% dried distillers grains with solubles (DGS). Statistical analyses for studies were conducted using the MIXED procedures of SAS. In experiment 1, 48 steers (353.5 ± 7.55 kg) were allotted to individual pens and fed 1 of 3 diets (dry matter [DM] basis) containing 60% dried DGS, 20% corn silage, and 4% supplement with: 1) 14.5% corn and no Ca(OH)2; 2) 14% corn and 2% Ca(OH)2; and 3) 14.5% additional corn silage and no Ca(OH)2. Steers fed Ca(OH)2 consumed the least (P = 0.03) and steers fed added corn silage consumed the most and had the least gain:feed (P = 0.02). Gain and carcass quality were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.48). In experiment 2, 112 steers (375.3 ± 19.25 kg) were allotted to pens (four pens per treatment; seven steers per pen) arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial (roughage × Ca(OH)2) and fed one of four diets (DM basis) containing 60% dried DGS, 17% corn silage, and 4% supplement with: 1) 17.5% corn silage and no Ca(OH)2; 2) 17% corn silage and 2% Ca(OH)2; 3) 17.25% corn stover and no Ca(OH)2; and 4) 17% corn stover and 2% Ca(OH)2. Added stover decreased average daily gain (ADG) compared to added corn silage (P = 0.04). Ca(OH)2 increased ADG when steers were fed stover, but not when steers were fed only corn silage (P = 0.05; interaction). In experiment 3, six ruminally cannulated steers (initial body weight = 352 ± 14.8 kg) were randomly allotted to a 6 × 6 Latin square design to determine the effects of roughage inclusion (corn, corn silage, stover) and Ca(OH)2 addition (0% or 2%) on ruminal characteristics. Feeding stover decreased total volatile fatty acid(s) (VFA) concentration and DM digestibility compared to corn silage or corn (P < 0.01), whereas Ca(OH)2 resulted in greater total VFA concentrations and DM digestibility (P ≤ 0.02). Stover increased rate of DM degradation (Kd) and rate of particle outflow from the rumen (P ≤ 0.04) but decreased extent of DM digestion and mean retention time (P ≤ 0.02) compared to corn or silage. Ca(OH)2 increased Kd (P < 0.01) and tended to increase (P = 0.06) liquid passage rate. In conclusion, added roughage did not improve performance of cattle fed 60% dried DGS. Ca(OH)2 may decrease intake and maintain performance of cattle fed 60% dried DGS with corn silage as the roughage source and increases ADG when corn stover replaces a portion of the corn silage.

scholarly journals Effect of graded levels of wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Beliveau ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Inclusion Level

A trial was conducted to evaluate graded levels of wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing cattle. Two hundred weaned calves (290 ± 17 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 20 pens and fed one of five DDGS treatments. The barley grain-based control diet (0% DDGS) was formulated to 12% crude protein (CP) and 1.52 and 0.93 Mcal kg-1 net energy maintenance (NEm) and net energy gain (NEg) respectively, during the backgrounding period and 1.90 and 1.26 Mcal kg-1 NEm and NEg respectively, during finishing. Wheat-based DDGS replaced (DM basis) barley grain at levels of 8, 16, 24 and 32% during backgrounding and 6, 12, 18 and 23% during finishing. Over the 85-d backgrounding period, dry matter intake (DMI) (P = 0.02), average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.04), and ultrasound (US) l. dorsi gain (P = 0.02) exhibited a cubic response to DDGS inclusion level with theoretical minima at 6.9, 8.1 and 6.9% DDGS, respectively, and theoretical maxima responses at 27.2, 30.8 and 23.9% DDGS, respectively. Feed efficiency exhibited a quadratic response (P = 0.02) to DDGS inclusion level with a theoretical poorest response at 13.1% DDGS. No effect (P > 0.05) of DDGS inclusion level was noted on ADG, DMI or feed efficiency (kg gain:kg feed; FE) during the finishing period. Similarly, carcass traits were not influenced (P > 0.05) by DDGS inclusion level. The results of this study indicate that wheat-based DDGS can serve as an effective replacement for barley grain in cattle diets supplying both energy and protein and that for finishing cattle, wheat-based DDGS has an energy value at least equal to that of barley grain when fed at levels up to 23% of the diet DM. Key words: Wheat-based dried distillers' grains with solubles, growing and finishing cattle, performance and carcass quality

scholarly journals Effects of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Lamb

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Gamal M. Abdelrahim ◽  
J. Khatiwada ◽  
N. K. Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Carcass Parameters

The effect of including two levels of dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) in formulated diet on performance, and carcass characteristics of lambs was studied. Twenty-four Gulf Coast wether lambs (46.1 ± 1.2 kg initial BW, and 8 to 9 months of age) were divided into two groups based on their live body weight and randomly allocated to dietary treatments (2 per treatment; 4 lambs/pen; 8 lambs per treatment). Treatment diets containing DDGS at 0 (control), 12.7, or 25.4% on a DM basis were fed lambs. Basal diet contained dry-rolled corn, soybean meal, and fescue/bermuda grass hay. Dry Distillers grains with solubles was added to the finishing diets at either 12.7or 25.4% of the dietary DM to replace corn and SBM in basal diet. The concentrate mixes containing DDGS were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric to meet the NRC requirements of lamb. After 135-d feeding period final BW was recorded, then animals were slaughtered, and carcass parameters collected after a 48-h postmortem. Lamb performance and carcass quality data were analyzed using the GLM procedures. Dry matter intake and final BW of lambs were not different between treatment. Also, no differences were observed between treatments in hot and cold carcass wt, body wall fat, rib eye area, 12th rib fat, and kidney and pelvic fat depots. However a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in average daily gain was found in lambs fed 0% DDGS diet compared to those fed 12.7 and 25.4% DDGS diets. These results supported the hypothesis that substitute of corn and SBM by up to 25.4% DDGS can be fed to lamb without adverse effect on carcass characteristics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of wheat or corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Walter ◽  
J L Aalhus ◽  
W M Robertson ◽  
T A McAllister ◽  
D J Gibb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Corn Ddgs

A study was conducted on crossbred steers (n = 275; 376 ± 24 kg) to evaluate performance and carcass quality of cattle fed wheat or corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS). The control ration contained 86.6% rolled barley grain, 5.7% supplement and 7.7% barley silage (DM basis). The four treatments included replacement of barley grain at 20 or 40% of the diet (DM basis) with wheat or corn DDGS. Steers were slaughtered at a common end weight of 645 kg with 100 steers randomly (n = 20 per treatment) selected for determination of the retail yield of sub-primal boneless boxed beef (SPBBB). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using pen as the experimental unit. Feeding increasing levels of wheat DDGS led to a quadratic increase in dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.01), whereas increasing levels of corn DDGS led to a quadratic decrease in DMI (P = 0.01). Average daily gain was not influenced (P = 0.13) by feeding wheat or corn DDGS, but cattle fed corn DDGS exhibited a quadratic increase (P = 0.01) in gain:feed. As a result, a quadratic increase (P < 0.01) in calculated NEg of the diet was observed as corn DDGS levels increased. A linear decrease (P = 0.04) in days on feed (169, 166 and 154 d) was noted when increasing levels of wheat DDGS (0, 20 and 40%) were fed. Dressing percentage increased in a linear fashion with wheat DDGS (P < 0.01) inclusion level and in a quadratic fashion (P = 0.01) as corn DDGS inclusion level increased although other carcass traits were not affected (P > 0.10) by treatment. The results indicate that replacement of barley grain with corn or wheat DDGS up to 40% of the diet (DM) can lead to superior performance (improved gain:feed or reduced days on feed, respectively) with no detrimental effect on quality grade or carcass SPBBB yield.Key words: Dried distillers’ grains with solubles, corn, wheat, feedlot performance, carcass quality, steers

scholarly journals Effects of increasing dietary level of a commercial liquid supplement on growth performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Tara L Felix ◽  
Chloe J Long ◽  
Madeline R Stierwalt ◽  
Pedro H V Carvalho ◽  
Howard M Blalock
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract Feeding cattle liquid supplements has become increasingly popular in the feedlot industry; however, optimal inclusion of liquid supplements in feedlot cattle diets is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal inclusion of liquid supplementation to maximize growth performance and improve carcass characteristics, as well as estimate the energy value of liquid supplementation when used as a direct corn replacement, for feedlot steers fed a concentrate-based diet. Two hundred and eighty steer calves were stratified by BW into light (BW = 208 ± 9 kg; n = 24) and heavy (BW = 275 ± 8 kg; n = 16) pens. Pens within BW block were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 supplements: 1) dry at 4.5% inclusion (0LIQ), 2) liquid (a proprietary blend from Quality Liquid Feeds; Dodgeville, WI) at 4.5% inclusion (4.5LIQ), 3) liquid at 9% inclusion (9LIQ), or 4) liquid at 13.5% inclusion (13.5LIQ). The remainder of the diet was 47.5% to 55.5% dry rolled corn, 20% corn silage, and 20% modified wet distillers grains with solubles (DM basis). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design and linear and quadratic were examined to determine effects of increasing dietary concentrations of liquid. Steers fed 4.5LIQ and 9LIQ had greater (quadratic; P ≤ 0.05) final BW, HCW, and NEm and NEg, and less DMI as a percent of BW compared to steers fed 13.5LIQ. Steers fed 0LIQ were intermediate and not different from other treatments. However, ADG and total BW gain did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) among treatments. Despite the lack of treatment effect on live measures of gain, feeding steers 4.5LIQ and 9LIQ resulted in greater carcass ADG (quadratic; P = 0.03), total carcass gain (quadratic; P = 0.04), and more efficient carcass gain (quadratic; P ≤ 0.01) compared to carcasses from steers fed 13.5LIQ. Feeding steers a liquid supplement at 9% of the diet, DM allowed for the greatest final BW and ADG in this study; however, there was no benefit of increasing liquid to 13.5%.

scholarly journals 128 Determining the effects of high phytase levels and feeding duration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
Carine Vier ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jon Bergstrom ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Heat Stable

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of high phytase levels and feeding duration on performance of growing finishing pigs. A total of 1,215 barrows and gilts (PIC 359×Camborough, initially 28.0±0.47 kg) were used in a 126-d growth trial with 27 pigs per pen and 15 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Diets were corn-soybean meal-dried distillers grains with solubles-based.Treatments were: 1) Control (no added phytase); 2) Grower phytase (1,500 FYT/kg added phytase fed from d 0 to 57, then no phytase from d 57 to market); and 3) Grow-finish phytase (1,500 FYT/kg added phytase fed throughout the study). Phytase (Ronozyme Hiphos GT 2500, heat-stable; DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, NJ) was assumed to release 0.146% digestible phosphorus (P), 0.166% available P, 0.102% STTD calcium, 53 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy, 42 kcal/kg of net energy (NE), and 0.0217, 0.0003, 0.00886, 0.0224, 0.0056, 0.0122, and 0.0163% standardized ileal digestible lysine, methionine, methionine+cysteine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, and valine, respectively. Beef tallow and feed grade amino acids (AA) were added to the diets without phytase to balance NE and AA across treatments. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit.Overall, pigs fed diets with no phytase and pigs that were only fed phytase in the grower period had greater (P&lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) than pigs fed the phytase-containing diets until market. Pigs fed the control and grower phytase treatments had greater (P&lt; 0.10) hot carcass weight (HCW) than the phytase throughout treatment. No evidence of differences (P &gt;0.10) were observed for other carcass characteristics. In summary, adding 1,500 FYT/kg of phytase and using full matrix values for minerals, AA, and energy had detrimental effects on ADG, G:F, and HCW in this study when applied to the entire grow-finish period.

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