scholarly journals PSIV-22 The effects of altering ruminal fermentable carbohydrate supply in finishing diets containing distillers grains on rumen fermentation characteristics and nitrogen utilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
Cody Ream ◽  
Allison V Stevens ◽  
Gwinyai Chibisa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Total Urine

Abstract This study examined the effects of altering ruminal fermentable carbohydrate (RFC) supply by feeding different amounts of corn and wheat in finishing cattle diets containing 15% corn dried distillers grains [DDGS; dry matter (DM) basis] on ruminal fermentation characteristics and nitrogen (N) utilization. Six ruminally-cannulated crossbred heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 28 d periods. Dietary treatments were either corn (73% of diet DM; CON), 53:20 corn:wheat blend (20W) or 33:40 corn:wheat blend (40W) as the major fermentable carbohydrate source. Diets were isonitrogenous (12% CP; DM basis). Feed intake was measured daily. Indwelling pH logger were used to measure ruminal pH (d 22 to 28) and ruminal fluid was collected from d 26 to 28 to determine fermentation characteristics, as were feces and urine to measure N excretion. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Dry matter and N intake tended to be lower (P ≤ 0.07) for heifers fed the 40W compared to the CON and 20W diets. There was no diet effect (P = 0.15) on total VFA concentration; however, the duration and area for pH < 5.5 tended to be longer (P = 0.07) and greater (P = 0.096), respectively, for heifers fed the 20W and 40W compared to the CON diet. There was no diet effect (P ≥ 0.44) on ruminal ammonia concentration and total urine N excretion (g and % of N intake). However, urine urea N (UUN) excretion as a percentage of total urine N tended to be lower (P = 0.05) in heifers fed the 20W and 40W compared to the CON diet. In summary, although altering RFC supply by feeding increasing amounts of wheat resulted in a decrease in UUN excretion, it also caused a decrease in ruminal pH that possibly compromised DM intake.

scholarly journals Effect of incorporating forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) hay into cereal hay on ruminal fermentation and apparent digestibility when fed to beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-728
Author(s):  
A.A. Pursley ◽  
B. Biligetu ◽  
T.D. Warkentin ◽  
H.A. Lardner ◽  
G.B. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial N

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion rate of pea hay in barley or oat hay diets for beef cattle. Six ruminally cannulated heifers (407 ± 38 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square (25 d periods) with a 2 × 3 factorial design. Treatments included whole-crop barley or oat hay with pea hay blended in to achieve inclusion rates of 0%, 15%, or 30% (dry matter basis) of the forage. Pea hay inclusion increased dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.03) by 0.75 kg d−1 relative to diets without pea hay, but the response was not linear or quadratic. Inclusion of pea hay linearly increased mean ruminal pH (P = 0.039), the concentration of butyrate in ruminal fluid (P = 0.013), plasma urea nitrogen (N) concentration (P = 0.001), and quadratically increased ruminal ammonia concentration (P < 0.001). Pea hay inclusion reduced crude protein (CP) digestibility by 2.87% relative to cereal-only treatments (P = 0.025), but did not affect N intake, microbial N, or N excretion. Overall, pea hay inclusion increased DMI, increased ruminal butyrate concentration, but reduced CP digestibility without affecting N balance.

scholarly journals 223 Effects of high protein DDGS in SFC or DRC-based diets on nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Lauren Ovinge ◽  
Mitch Norman ◽  
Kaylee Wheeler ◽  
Galen E Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Treatment Design

Abstract The effect of high protein dried distillers grains plus solubles in steam flaked corn (SFC) or dry rolled corn (DRC)-based diets on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion was evaluated. Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated heifers were utilized in a 6×6 Latin Square experiment using a 2×3 factorial treatment design. One factor was SFC or DRC-based diets, and the other factor was a control with no DGS (CON), regularly produced DDGS (DDGS), or High Protein DDGS (HiPro) included at 30% in the diet (DM basis). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with individual steer within period as the experimental unit. There was an interaction of apparent total tract starch digestibility (P 0.01), as including either DDGS or HiPro reduced starch digestibility in DRC-based diets and tended (P = 0.06) to reduce starch digestibility in SFC-based diets. Digestibility of starch was greater (P < 0.01) for SFC versus DRC-based diets across distillers treatments. Dry matter and OM apparent total tract digestibility was lowest (P < 0.01) for HiPro and DDGS was intermediate. There was no difference in molar acetate proportions (P > 0.43) between treatments. Dry rolled corn tended (P = 0.08) to have greater propionate proportion than SFC (44 vs 38%; respectively). Ammonia concentration was greater (P < 0.01) for DRC-based diets, and greatest for CON (P < 0.01) over DDGS and HiPro treatments. Average ruminal pH was unaffected by treatment (P > 0.16). Digestible energy (Mcal/kg) tended (P = 0.08) to be greater for CON over HiPro and DDGS. The use of HiPro did not affect apparent total tract nutrient digestibility as compared to DDGS in SFC or DRC-based diets. The use of either distillers product did result in a reduction in energy intake and digestibility, without affecting ruminal metabolic parameters.

scholarly journals PSXIV-8 Inclusion of byproducts derived from the process of corn ethanol production in finishing cattle diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 436-436
Author(s):  
Silvio Antunes ◽  
Djonatan Machado ◽  
Camila Delveaux Araujo Batalha ◽  
Vinícius Gouvêa ◽  
Murillo A Meschiatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Corn Ethanol ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and metabolism responses of finishing cattle to dietary inclusion of corn ethanol byproducts. All diets were isonitrogenous and contained 15% corn silage, 12% soyhulls, 0.55 to 0.85% urea and 2.25% mineral supplement. Treatments were (dry basis): Control [8% whole cottonseed, 5% soybean meal and 56.9% ground corn (GC)]; High Protein Distillers Grains (HPDG; 10.3% HPDG and 59.65% GC); Dry Distillers Grains plus Solubles (DDBS; 30% DDBS and 39.65% GC); Wet Distillers Brain plus Solubles (WDGS; 30% WDGS and 39.65% GC). In Exp. 1, 268 Nellore bulls were blocked by initial body weight (423.3 kg ± 36.6 kg), assigned to 44 pens in a randomized complete block design and fed for 110 days. Dry matter intake (DMI) tended (P = 0.058) to be greater for DDBS compared with WDBS (11.2 vs. 10.3 kg, respectively). Average daily gain was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for DDBS compared with HPDG (1.62 vs 1.45 kg respectively) and tended (P = 0.086) to be greater for DDBS compared with control (1.62 vs. 1.48 kg respectively). Hot carcass weight was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for DDBS compared with the other treatments (332 vs. 321 kg respectively). Feed efficiency, carcass dressing, ribeye area and back fat thickness were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by treatments. In Exp. 2, four rumen cannulated Nellore steers (389 ± 37 kg) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Total tract digestibility of dry matter was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for HPDG compared with DDBS (76.8 vs. 68.5% respectively). Rumen acetate:propionate ratio was less (P &lt; 0.01) for HPDG and DDBS (2.01) compared to control and WDBS (2.72). The greater HCW of bulls fed DDBS may be the result of its positive effect on DMI and rumen VFA profile.

scholarly journals Citrus pulp in lamb diets: intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 3421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Lucas Terra Peixoto ◽  
Mirton José Frota Morenz ◽  
Carlos Elysio Moreira da Fonseca ◽  
Elizabeth Dos Santos Moura ◽  
Karla Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

<p>This study aimed to evaluate the viability of replacing corn meal with citrus pulp (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % dry matter of corn meal) by evaluating several nutritional parameters such as intake and digestibility of nutrients, and ruminal fermentation parameters. The diets were formulated to be isoproteic with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 60:40. Five crossbred lambs with an initial average weight of 26.1 ± 1.8 kg were used and distributed in a 5 x 5 Latin Square design. For digestibility of nutrients was carried out to feed, orts, and feces collection. The evaluated nutrients were dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, neutral detergent fiber, fiber acid detergent and lignin. Were determined nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions, and ruminal fermentation parameters (N-NH 3 and ruminal pH). The results were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis (t-test; ? = 0.05). Citrus pulp inclusion in the diets did not affect intake and digestibility of nutrients, or the pH and the NH3-N content of the rumen fluid. Citrus pulp can be used as a total substitute for corn in concentrate or up to 26.5% in the total ration for lambs (dry basis). </p>

Effect of variety and level of inclusion of barley silage selected for varying neutral detergent fiber digestibility on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in feedlot heifers fed backgrounding and finishing diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-282
Author(s):  
Jayakrishnan Nair ◽  
David Christensen ◽  
Peiqiang Yu ◽  
Aaron D. Beattie ◽  
Tim McAllister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Tract Fiber

Two metabolism studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of variety and level of inclusion of barley silage on ruminal fermentation and total tract nutrient digestibility using beef heifers fed backgrounding (Study 1) and finishing (Study 2) diets. Both studies were 4 × 4 Latin square designs with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (barley varieties, CDC Cowboy and Xena; levels of inclusion, LOW and HIGH). Barley varieties did not vary in 30 h neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility and averaged 37.1% ± 1.86% (% of NDF) across varieties. Heifers fed CDC Cowboy had greater (P = 0.05) mean ruminal pH and a lower (P = 0.01) duration under pH 5.8 relative to those fed Xena in Study 1, whereas heifers fed HIGH-silage diets had lower (P = 0.05) duration under ruminal pH 5.8 than those fed LOW-silage diets in Study 2. Variety of barley had minimal impact on ruminal fermentation and total tract nutrient digestibility in heifers fed barley silage, although high NDF content decreased energy intake. High NDF barley varieties and greater inclusion levels also increased ruminal pH which may improve total tract fiber digestibility in heifers fed finishing diets.

Effect of graded levels of wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles on rumen fermentation in finishing cattle

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Beliveau ◽  
J J McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Inclusion Level

A 4 × 4 Latin square experiment using ruminally cannulated heifers (388 ± 25 kg, mean ± SD) was conducted to evaluate the effects of graded levels (0, 7, 14, 21% DM basis) of wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) on rumen fermentation characteristics and eating behaviour of cattle fed barley-based diets. Mean rumen pH at cutoff values of pH 5.8 or less (P = 0.02) and pH 5.5 or less (P < 0.01) and pH area between 5.2 and 5.5 (P = 0.02) decreased cubically as DDGS content increased with maximum pH at 2.6% and minimum pH at 14.7% DDGS inclusion levels. A cubic effect of DDGS inclusion level (P = 0.03) was noted for time below pH 5.2 where local minima and maxima were found at 2.9 and 15.0% DDGS. Ammonia N (P < 0.01) and the acetate:propionate ratio (P = 0.01) increased, while propionate decreased (P < 0.01) linearly as DDGS content increased. It was concluded that despite the high fibre, low starch nature of wheat-based DDGS, substitution for barley did not improve the acidic rumen fermentation conditions associated with feeding barley-based finishing diets. Key words: Wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles, rumen fermentation, feeding behaviour, sub-acute ruminal acidosis

Increasing dietary proportion of wheat grain in finishing diets containing distillers' grains: impact on nitrogen utilization, ruminal pH, and digestive function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody N Ream ◽  
Gwinyai E Chibisa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Digestive Function ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Corn Ddgs

Abstract Because of its high crude protein (CP) content, dietary inclusion of corn dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) in finishing cattle diets can increase the ruminal loss of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), which ends up excreted as urine urea-N (UUN). Increasing dietary fermentable energy supply can enhance ruminal use of N; however, it could also lead to acidotic conditions that compromise digestive function and animal performance. We evaluated the effects of partially replacing dietary corn grain with 20 or 40% (dry matter [DM] basis) wheat grain in finishing diets containing 15% corn DDGS on N utilization, ruminal pH and digestive function. Nutrient intake and digestion, ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis, route of N excretion, and blood metabolites were measured. Six ruminally-fistulated crossbred beef heifers (initial BW ± SD; 797 ± 58.8 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Dietary treatments were either corn (73% of diet DM; CON), 53:20 corn:wheat blend (20W) or 33:40 corn:wheat blend (40W) as the major fermentable energy source. Dry matter intake tended to be lower for heifers fed the 40W than CON and 20W diets. Feeding diets containing wheat grain led to an increase (P = 0.04) in NDF intake. However, there was no diet effect (P ≥ 0.60) on apparent total tract DM and NDF digestibility. Feeding wheat grain led to a decrease (P ≤ 0.03) in mean and minimum pH, an increase (P = 0.04) in pH &lt; 5.8 duration, and a tendency for an increase in the area and acidosis index for pH &lt; 5.8 and 5.5. Nitrogen intake, which was lower (P = 0.04) for 40W than 20W heifers did not differ between CON and 20W heifers. There was no diet effect (P = 0.80) on ruminal NH3-N concentration and estimated microbial N flow. However, feeding diets containing wheat grain led to a decrease (P = 0.045) in UUN excretion (% total urine N). Fecal and total N excretion (% of N intake) increased (P &lt; 0.01) following the addition of wheat grain to the diet. Apparent N retention was lower (P = 0.03) for 40W than CON and 20W heifers. In summary, although it led to a desirable decrease in UUN excretion, feeding wheat grain in corn DDGS-containing diets increased acidotic conditions in the rumen, which possibly led to the tendency for a decrease in DMI. The negative apparent N retention at the 40% wheat grain inclusion also suggests a decrease in nutrient supply, which could compromise feedlot performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Chitosan Inclusion and Dietary Crude Protein Level on Nutrient Intake and Digestibility, Ruminal Fermentation, and N Excretion in Beef Heifers Offered a Grass Silage Based Diet

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
Stuart F. Kirwan ◽  
Karina M. Pierce ◽  
Eleonora Serra ◽  
Michael McDonald ◽  
Gaurav Rajauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen (N) use efficiency in beef cattle is low (10–20%), resulting in large amounts of N excreted into the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan inclusion and dietary crude protein (CP) level on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and N excretion in beef heifers. Eight Belgian Blue × Holstein Friesian cross beef heifers (752 ± 52 kg BW) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial design. Factors were dietary CP concentration—high CP, 16% (HP) or low CP, 12% (LP)—and chitosan inclusion—0 or 10 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) offered at 50:50 forage concentrate ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. Apparent total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and CP were reduced (p < 0.001) with chitosan inclusion, whereas offering the HP diets increased apparent total tract digestibility of CP (p < 0.001). Offering the HP diets increased urinary N excretion (p < 0.001), while chitosan inclusion increased N excretion in faeces (p < 0.05). Ruminal pH was increased with chitosan inclusion (p < 0.01). There was a CP × chitosan interaction for rumen ammonia (NH3) concentrations (p < 0.05). Including chitosan in the HP diets increased ruminal NH3 concentration while having no effect on the LP diets. Urinary N excretion was increased with increased levels of CP, but chitosan inclusion increased the quantity of N excreted in the faeces.

scholarly journals Metabolic and Productive Response and Grazing Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented with High Moisture Maize or Cracked Wheat Grazing at Two Herbage Allowances in Spring

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Verónica M. Merino ◽  
Lorena Leichtle ◽  
Oscar A. Balocchi ◽  
Francisco Lanuza ◽  
Julián Parga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Grazing Behavior

The aim was to determine the effect of the herbage allowance (HA) and supplement type (ST) on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, grazing behavior, rumen function, and blood metabolites of grazing dairy cows in the spring season. Experiment I: 64 Holstein Friesian dairy cows were distributed in a factorial design that tested two levels of daily HA (20 and 30 kg of dry matter (DM) per cow) and two ST (high moisture maize (HMM) and cracked wheat (CW)) distributed in two daily rations (3.5 kg DM/cow/day). Experiment II: four mid-lactation rumen cannulated cows, supplemented with either HMM or CW and managed with the two HAs, were distributed in a Latin square design of 4 × 4, for four 14-d periods to assess ruminal fermentation parameters. HA had no effect on milk production (averaging 23.6 kg/day) or milk fat and protein production (823 g/day and 800 g/day, respectively). Cows supplemented with CW had greater protein concentration (+1.2 g/kg). Herbage DMI averaged 14.17 kg DM/cow.day and total DMI averaged 17.67 kg DM/cow.day and did not differ between treatments. Grazing behavior activities (grazing, rumination, and idling times) and body condition score (BCS) were not affected by HA or ST. Milk and plasma urea concentration increased under the high HA (+0.68 mmol/L and +0.90 mmol/L, respectively). Cows supplemented with HMM had lower milk and plasma urea concentrations (0.72 mmol/L and 0.76 mmol/L less, respectively) and tended (p = 0.054) to have higher plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. Ruminal parameters did not differ between treatments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document