RESISTANCE OF INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS OF SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) IN A NATURAL EPIDEMIC OF ASTER YELLOWS

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Putt ◽  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Resistance to aster yellows has been identified in sunflowers. In 560 inbred lines and single plant progenies, 356 showed no symptoms of the disease under field conditions. The others showed infections ranging up to 100 per cent. Six entries, observed at three points, showed a range of infection from 0 to 86 per cent and eighteen others, at two points, a range from 0 to 73 per cent. The behaviour was consistent at the different locations.The resistance to aster yellows appeared to be qualitatively inherited. Single cross hybrids between resistant and, susceptible lines showed the resistance to be dominant. It occurred in association both with susceptibility and with resistance to rust. Of 15 lines with evidence of resistance to leaf mottle disease, 13 lines also had resistance to aster yellows.

Evaluation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) single cross hybrids under heat stress condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Khan ◽  
Saeed Rauf ◽  
Hassan Munir ◽  
Maria Kausar ◽  
Muhammad Mubashar Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Heat Stress Condition ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

scholarly journals Development of sunflower hybrids tolerant to tribenuron methyl

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinisa Jocic ◽  
Goran Malidza ◽  
Sandra Cvejic ◽  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Vladimir Miklic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Exact Number ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Discovery of tribenuron-methyl resistant wild Helianthus annuus L. population (ANN-KAN) created an opportunity for expansion of sunflower herbicide resistance breeding program. The aim of this study was development of sunflower hybrids resistant to tribenuron-methyl. Creation of tribenuron-methyl resistant hybrids would enable the use of a wider palette of herbicides for sunflower, more efficient chemical control of Cirsium arvense and more economically profitable post-emergence control of some annual broad-leaves weeds in sunflower. Original populations SURES-1 and SURES-2 are homozygous for resistance to tribenuron-methyl. F1 generations produced from the crossings are completely resistant to tribenuron-methyl, pointing out to dominant way of inheritance of this trait. Studies on the exact number of genes controlling the resistance are in progress. Tribenuron-methyl resistance was transferred from original populations into a number of female and male inbred lines of cultivated sunflower. These inbred lines could enable creation of a number of hybrids resistant to tribenuron-methyl. Hybrids SUMO-1-PR, SUMO-2- OR and SUMO-3 are resistant to doubled application dose of tribenuron-methyl. Agronomical characteristics of these hybrids are on the level with the leading conventional sunflower hybrids.

scholarly journals Identification of Restorers with Desirable General Combining Ability from among New Inbred Lines of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2923-2932
Author(s):  
S. D. Nehru ◽  
Akshata Timmanna Budihal ◽  
M. S. Umar Farooq ◽  
Y. G. Shadakshari ◽  
M. S. Uma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L

scholarly journals Stability Assessment of Single-Cross Maize Hybrids Using GGE-Biplot Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
L. Musundire ◽  
J. Derera ◽  
S. Dari ◽  
A. Lagat ◽  
P. Tongoona
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
South African ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Ideal Genotype ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Grain yield potential of new maize hybrid varieties across target environments contributes to the uptake of these varieties by farmers. Evaluation of single-cross hybrids developed from test crossing introgressed inbred lines bred for three distinct environments to elite tropical inbred line testers was carried out. The study’s objective was to assess grain yield stability and genotype adaptability of the single-cross hybrids across South African environments relative to adapted commercial hybrid checks. One hundred and twenty-two introgressed inbred lines developed using the pedigree breeding program were crossed to four tropical elite inbred line testers using line × tester mating design to obtain 488 experimental single cross hybrids. Subject to availability of adequate seed for evaluation, a panel of 444 experimental single-cross hybrids was evaluated using an augmented design in two experiments defined as Population A and B for the study’s convenience in South African environments. Data for grain yield (t/ha) performance for experimental single-cross hybrids and commercial check hybrids in Population A and B across environments and individual environments identified experimental single-cross hybrids that had significant comparable grain yield (t/ha) performance relative to best commercial check hybrid (PAN6Q445B) on the market. The selected experimental single-cross hybrids 225, 89, 246 and 43 (Population A) and 112 (Population B) also had a better average rank position for grain yield (t/ha) relative to best commercial check hybrid. These selected experimental single-cross hybrids had a grain yield (t/ha) advantage range of 0.9-6.7% for Population A and 7.3% for Population A and B, respectively, relative to the adapted commercial check hybrid. GGE biplot patterns for which won-where for Population A indicated that at Potchefstroom Research Station and Ukulinga Research Station experimental single-cross hybrids 127 and135 were the vertex (winning) hybrids. Cedera Research Station did not have a vertex hybrid for Population A. For Population B, experimental single-cross hybrids 112, 117 and 18 were the vertex hybrids at Cedera Research Station, Ukulinga Research Station and Potchefstroom Research Station, respectively. Experimental single-cross hybrid 257 was identified as ideal genotype for Population A, while experimental single-cross hybrid 121 in Population B was the ideal genotype. Ideal environments were also identified as Ukulinga Research Station for Population A, and Cedera Research Station for Population B. Average-environment coordination (AEC) view of the GGE biplot in Population A indicated that experimental single-cross hybrids 1 was highly stable across environments. In comparison, Population B experimental single-cross hybrid 161 was highly stable across environments. In conclusion, selected single-cross hybrids in the current study can also be advanced for further evaluation with a possibility for identifying high yielding and stable single-cross hybrids for variety registration and release in target environments in South Africa.

scholarly journals Performance of testers with different genetic structure for evaluation of maize inbred lines

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauro José Moreira Guimarães ◽  
Glauco Vieira Miranda ◽  
Rodrigo Oliveira DeLima ◽  
Ciro Maia ◽  
Lucimar Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

The objective of this study was to evaluate four maize testers for identification of superior inbreed lines in testcross. The four testers evaluated are cultivars with narrow or wide genetic base (single-cross hybrids and open pollinated varieties) and two kernel types (flint or dent). SynD and SynF testers are open pollinated varieties with dent and flint kernels, respectively, and FSH and DSH testers are single-cross hybrids with flint and dent kernels, respectively. SynD tester showed the biggest genetic variance among the maize inbreed lines in crosses. The effects of general combining ability (GCA) for lines and specific combining ability (SCA) for lines x testers were significant, whereas GCA effects for testers were not significant. SynD and SynF testers identified the largest number of lines with higher GCA. The DSH and FSH testers showed suitable to identify lines with high SCA. It was concluded that SynD and SynF testers are adequate to identify inbreed lines with high GCA effects, and it's possible to identify new lines with high heterotic potential in each one of the four testers.

scholarly journals Genetic Testing of Inbred Lines and Single Cross Hybrids against Fusarium Stalk Rot Caused by Fusarium moniliforme in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 352-361
Author(s):  
R. Archana H. C. Lohithaswa ◽  
R. Pavan B. N. Swathi ◽  
N. Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Disease Score ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Globally, Maize (Zea mays L.) is a third major cereal food crop. It is a multipurpose crop with 26% of its production is used as food by human beings. Maize is known as “queen of cereals”, because of its high genetic yield potential, efficient utilization of radiant energy and wider adaptability. About 65 different phytopathogens affect the maize production in different stages of life cycle. Among which Fusarium moniliforme is one such soil borne pathogen causes Fusarium stalk rot (FSR) disease that ultimately reduces maize yield potential over the world. In any breeding program, screening and genetic testing of available germplasm resources against pathogens is necessary to prevent yield losses. Hence, the present research screened around 114 maize inbred lines and 45 single cross hybrids (SCHs) against FSR under artificial epiphytotic conditions. Among 114 inbreds, only four inbreds viz., CM 202, 10878, MAI-759 and MAI-766 (mean disease score of 3-4) showed moderately resistant reaction and out of 45 SCHs, only one hybrid combination i.e., MAI329 × CM202 (mean disease score was 2.60) exhibited resistance reaction against Fusarium stalk rot. Nevertheless, these resistance sources could be utilized in maize breeding programs for obtaining high yielding cultivars with resistance towards FSR disease.

scholarly journals Development and Release of Two Mid-Late Maturing Maize Hybrids for the Highland Agro-Ecologies of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Frank Kagoda ◽  
Daniel B. Kwemoi ◽  
Lawrence Owere ◽  
Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula ◽  
Godfrey Asea
Keyword(s):  
Maize Yield ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Highland Maize ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

The maize yield in the highland areas of Uganda (1500 to 3000 masl), rarely exceeding 2 t ha-1. The use of unimproved maize genotypes, the prevalence of pests and diseases, and low levels of input use has tremendously contributed to the low grain yields.  Accordingly, we obtained 100 maize inbred lines majorly from CIMMYT in the year 2013. The inbred lines were evaluated for adaptability and those selected were intercrossed to generate 80 single cross hybrids by January 2015. The 80 single cross hybrids were evaluated in preliminary yield trials in three sites namely, Kachwekano, Kalengyere and Buginyanya in 2015a season. The best combiners were crossed with the selected males to obtain 122 three-way cross hybrids. These were evaluated for adaptability in advanced yield trials in 2016a in Kachwekano, Kalengyere and Bukwo, from where the best five hybrids (BH33, BH31, BH27, BH104 and BH38) were selected for National Performance Trials (NPT)  in 2016b and 2017a seasons in Bukwo, Buginyanya, Zombo, Fort portal and Kalengere. Two candidate varieties namely BH31 and BH33 exhibited good agronomic qualities such as earlier maturity, tolerance to MLN and other diseases. The selected hybrids yielded 8.2 t ha-1 and 7.2 t ha-1 for BH31 and BH33, respectively. The two varieties are appropriate for cultivation in major highland and transitional maize growing regions in Uganda and were subsequently released as NAROMAIZE 731 and NAROMAIZE 733, respectively. The newly released varieties are expected to reduce the highland maize cropping season from over six months to five months.

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