Effect of divergent selection for root size in field-grown alfalfa

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Chloupek ◽  
M. Skácel ◽  
J. Ehrenbergerova
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Root System ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
System Size ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Root Size

The size of the root system as measured by its electrical capacitance was evaluated on two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars (Zuzana, Palava) for 3 yr. Plants with root system size (RSS) significantly larger or smaller than the cultivar mean were selected and their open-pollinated progenies were evaluated in the following 3 yr. Progenies of plants with large RSS tended to have larger RSS and higher forage yield than progenies of plants with small RSS. The differences for both parameters were significant (P < 0.05) in the case of Zuzana. It is concluded that RSS is a useful selection criterion in alfalfa breeding. Key words: Medicago sativa L., root system size, selection, yield, survival

Response of alfalfa to bidirectional selection for root bark area and xylem vessel diameter

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-435
Author(s):  
Shaoke Wang ◽  
M. A. Brick ◽  
C. E. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Vessel Area ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Bidirectional Selection ◽  
Root Size

Development of alfalfa [Medicago sativa L. ssp. sativa and M. sativa ssp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli] germplasm with contrasting root bark area and xylem vessel area could be useful to evaluate relationships between anatomical root characteristics and plant functions such as drought tolerance. This study was conducted to determine the response of alfalfa to bidirectional selection for root bark area and xylem vessel area of the largest vessels as viewed in cross section. Bidirectional selection for large and small root bark area and for large and small xylem vessel area was conducted for two cycles. Selection for high root bark area resulted in an increase in root bark area in cycle one (C1), but no further response occurred in cycle two (C2). Response to selection for low bark area resulted in no response in the C1, but a response occurred in the C2. Response to selection for large xylem vessel area increased xylem area in the C1 but no further response occurred in the C2. There was no response to selection for small vessel area in either of the two cycles of selection. Asymmetrical responses to bidirectional selection were found. Root size increased significantly over the two cycles of selection and was probably due to indirect selection for large root size. Key words: Medicago sativa L., ssp. sativa and M. sativa ssp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli, root bark area, xylem vessel diameter

scholarly journals Irrigation Timing as a Practice of Effective Weed Management in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Crop

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kanatas ◽  
Ioannis Gazoulis ◽  
Ilias Travlos
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Irrigation is an agronomic practice of major importance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L), especially in the semiarid environments of Southern Europe. Field experimentation was conducted in Western Greece (2016–2018) to evaluate the effects of irrigation timing on weed presence, alfalfa yield performance, and forage quality. In a randomized complete block design (four replications), two cultivars (“Ypati 84” and “Hyliki”) were the main plots, while three irrigation timings were the subplots (split-plot). The irrigation timings were IT-1, IT-2, and IT-3, denoting irrigation 1 week before harvest, 1 week after harvest, and 2 weeks after harvest, respectively. IT-1 reduced Solanum nigrum L. density by 54% and 79% as compared to IT-3 and IT-2, respectively. Chenopodium album L. density was the highest under IT-2. IT-3 resulted in 41% lower Amaranthus retroflexus L. density in comparison to IT-2, while the lowest values were observed under IT-1. Stand density and stems·plant−1 varied between years (p ≤ 0.05). Mass·stem−1 and alfalfa forage yield were affected by the irrigation timings (p ≤ 0.001). Total weed density and forage yield were negatively correlated in both the second (R2 = 87.013%) and the fourth (R2 = 82.691%) harvests. IT-1 and IT-3 increased forage yield, leaf per stem ratio, and crude protein as compared to IT-2. Further research is required to utilize the use of cultural practices for weed management in perennial forages under different soil and climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic associations between root architecture, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation and low phosphate tolerance instrawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Maria Cockerton ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Eleftheria Stavridou ◽  
Abigail Johnson ◽  
Amanda Karlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
System Size ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Depletion Zone ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Phosphate is an essential plant macronutrient required to achieve maximum crop yield. Roots are able to uptake soil phosphate from the immediate root area, thus creating a nutrient depletion zone. Many plants are able to exploit phosphate from beyond this root nutrient depletion zone through symbiotic association with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here we characterise the relationship between root architecture, AMF association and low phosphate tolerance in strawberries. The contrasting root architecture in the parental strawberry cultivars ‘Redgauntlet’ and ‘Hapil’ was studied through a mapping population of 168 progeny. Low phosphate tolerance and AMF association was quantified for each genotype to allow assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between traits. Results: A “phosphate scavenging” root phenotype where individuals exhibit a high proportion of surface lateral roots was associated with a reduction in root system size across genotypes. A genetic correlation between “root system size” traits was observed with a network of pleiotropic QTL were found to represent five “root system size” traits. By contrast, average root diameter and the distribution of roots appeared to be under two discrete methods of genetic control. A total of 18 QTL were associated with plant traits, 4 of which were associated with solidity that explained 46 % of the observed variation. Investigations into the relationship between AMF association and root architecture found that a higher root density was associated with greater AMF colonisation across genotypes. However, no phenotypic correlation or genotypic association was found between low phosphate tolerance and the propensity for AMF association, nor root architectural traits when plants are grown under optimal nutrient conditions.Conclusions: Understanding the genetic relationships underpinning phosphate capture can inform the breeding of strawberry varieties with better nutrient use efficiency. Solid root systems were associated with greater AMF colonisation. However, low P-tolerance was not phenotypically or genotypically associated with root architecture traits in strawberry plants. Furthermore, a trade-off was observed between root system size and root architecture type, highlighting the energetic costs associated with a “phosphate scavenging” root architecture.

Establishment and productivity of cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or alfalfa- hybrid bromegrass mixtures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Foster ◽  
Bill Biligetu
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Astragalus Cicer

Cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) (CMV) is a non-bloating, perennial legume that has shown persistence under grazing. Limited information is available on its seedling establishment and subsequent forage yield and nutritive value in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixtures. Field plots were seeded in May 2013 at Melfort, SK, Canada to evaluate ‘Oxley II’ cicer milkvetch performance in ‘AC Grazeland’ alfalfa or alfalfa and ‘AC Success’ hybrid bromegrass (Bromus riparius × B. inermis) mixtures from 2014 to 2017. Two controlled environment tests were also conducted by treating seeds of CMV using alfalfa root aqueous extract. Seed germination and seedling height of CMV were significantly reduced in aqueous extract. In field, establishment of CMV in a mixture containing alfalfa was reduced, and CMV dry matter proportion in the mixture increased only 3.5% over three years. Increasing CMV seeding rate did not increase its DM percent in the mixtures, indicating a high allelopathic effect of alfalfa. Forage DM yield of all mixtures was linearly correlated to the proportion of alfalfa, and adding hybrid brome did not increase the DM yield. Forage DM yield was higher for the three-cut than the two-cut treatments for CMV-alfalfa mixtures, but there was no difference between the cutting frequency for CMV-alfalfa- hybrid brome mixtures. Fiber concentrations decreased linearly with increased CMV seeding rate in the mixtures. This study showed CMV establishment in alfalfa mixtures was reduced in a same row seeding, and the allelopathic effect was not reduced by lower alfalfa seeding rates or adding a grass.

scholarly journals Wheat Cultivars With Contrasting Root System Size Responded Differently to Terminal Drought

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Figueroa-Bustos ◽  
Jairo A. Palta ◽  
Yinglong Chen ◽  
Katia Stefanova ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Size ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Root System Size
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