Recent patents and a market overview on green or bio-based solvents for chromatographic analysis: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Muheem ◽  
Mohammed Asadullah Jahangir ◽  
Sanjula Baboota ◽  
Javed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Patent Search ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Green solvents (GSs) in chromatography originate from green chemistry. Therefore, using GSs in liquid chromatographic analysis to separate drugs and chemicals is an emerging approach to reduce hazardous chemicals in nature. The Orbit Intelligence database was used to conduct a strategic patent search for peer-reviewed patents on GSs as a mobile phase for chromatographic analysis. This article reported numerous approaches for encouraging GSs such as ethanol, butanol, esters, polyethylene glycol, supercritical fluids and nonionic surfactants to analyze drugs or compounds. The main aim of this article is to explore the patented GSs for chromatographic analysis and forecasting of the GSs that encourage industries to shift from hazardous to GSs.

Liquid chromatographic analysis of disopyramide and its mono-N-dealkylated metabolite.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Lima
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Drugs ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Lower Limits

Abstract We describe a rapid, sensitive, and specific "high performance" liquid chromatographic analysis for disopyramide and its mono-N-dealkylated metabolite in serum, urine, and saliva. We used a mu-Bondapak CN column and an acetate buffer mobile phase containing methanol. Retention times for the two compounds and the internal standard, p-chlorodisopyramide, were 3.4, 4.1, and 6.3 min, respectively. The lower limits of sensitivity for drug and metabolite were 50 and 80 micrograms/L, respectively, with maximum coefficients of variation of 4.6 and 12%, respectively. Currently used antiarrhythmic drugs did not interfere with the analysis of disopyramide, and the pharmacokinetics of the drug, obtained from studies of one subject, agree well with reported values.

Simultaneous very fast liquid-chromatographic analysis of ethosuximide, primidone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine in serum.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Kabra ◽  
M A Nelson ◽  
L J Marton
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Ultraviolet Detector ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract We describe a sensitive, specific, and very fast liquid-chromatographic assay for simultaneously determining five anticonvulsants (ethosuximide, primidone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine) by using commercially available 5- or 3-microns particle size reversed-phase columns and a microflow-cell-equipped ultraviolet detector. The anticonvulsant drugs are extracted from 200 microL of serum containing 50 mg of cyclopal per liter as an internal standard, by elution from a Bond-Elut (Analytichem International, Harbor City, CA 90710) column with 300 microL of methanol. A 5-microL aliquot of the eluate is applied to an analytical column and eluted with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/methanol/phosphate buffer, 20 mmol/L, pH 3.7 (13.5/35/51.5 by vol), at a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min and at 50 degrees C. Detection is at 210 or 195 nm. The chromatography is complete in less than 2.5 min with the 5-microns-particle column, and in less than 1.4 min with the 3-microns-particle column. The sensitivity of the method for all drugs is less than 1 mg/L. Analytical recovery of drugs added to serum ranged from 92 to 109% for concentrations up to 200 mg/L. Between-run precision (CV) ranged from 1.3 to 4.1%.

Liquid-chromatographic analysis for urinary porphyrins.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Ford ◽  
C N Ou ◽  
R D Ellefson
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Linear Gradient ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Urinary Porphyrins

Abstract Urinary porphyrins are separated, according to number of carboxyl groups, in a system consisting of a mu-Bondapak C18 stationary phase and a mobile phase of methanol and aqueous sodium phosphate (pH 3.5) in a linear gradient. The specimen is prepared simply by adjusting the pH of a 5-mL sample to 2.0 and removing solids by centrifugation. The eluted porphyrins are measured fluorometrically. Naturally occurring non-porphyrin fluorescent substances are eluted ahead of the porphyrins. Chromatography requires about 20 min, and a re-establishment of initial conditions requires an additional 15 min.

Nonaqueous Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatographic Analysis for Cholesterol in Milk Chocolate

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-700
Author(s):  
W Jeffrey Hurst ◽  
Michael D Aleo ◽  
Robert A Martin
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Milk Chocolate ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A method using liquid chromatography was developed for the analysis of cholesterol in milk chocolate products. The method involves saponification of the sample with methanolic KOH followed by extraction with ether. Potentially interfering components are eliminated through the use of a silica Sep-Pak cleanup step before injection. The nonaqueous reverse phase LC system consists of a C18 column and an isopropanol- hexane mobile phase with direct detection at 205 nm. Recoveries of 1, 3, and 5 mg cholesterol added to 1 g sample of milk chocolate were 88.6, 102.8, and 110.1%, respectively. Studies conducted with [4-14C]-cholesterol were undertaken to further document the accuracy of the method.

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