Factors Early Sexual Initiation among Governmental Preparatory School Students, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract Background Evidences on determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth is still limited especially; community-level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess individual and community-level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Methods The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset were used and a total of 6143 participants (female youth) were included. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression was done to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of the association. Finally, the level of statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Results Individual-level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19 to 24 years [AOR = 5.8, 95% CI = (4.6, 7.3)], not attending school [AOR = 14.1, 95% CI = (8.1, 24.7)], ever chewing Chat [AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = (1.3, 3.0)]. From community-level factors: living in Addis Ababa [AOR = 0.3, 95% CI = (0.2, 0.5)], living in Gambella [AOR = 2.7, 95% CI = (1.7, 4.3)] and live in a low proportion of poor communities [AOR = 0.7, 95% CI = (0.5, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Conclusions Age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in a high proportion of poor community had a statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Improving educational coverage and community-level of wealth status are important intervention areas to delay the age of early sexual initiation.

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Substance use and associated factors among preparatory school students in Kolfe-Keranyo sub-city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-021-01032-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leila Seid ◽

Binyam Gintamo ◽

Zelalem Negash Mekuria ◽

Hussien Seid Hassen ◽

Zemichael Gizaw

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Family Member ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Residential Areas ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preparatory School

Abstract Background Substance abuse is a worldwide problem that primarily affects adolescents, resulting in chronic health complications as well as psychosocial challenges and economic losses. However, the magnitude of the problem and the factors that contribute to it are not well studied in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. As a result, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence and associated factors of substance use among preparatory school students in the Kolfe-Keraniyo sub-city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology An institution-based cross-sectional study of 383 randomly selected preparatory school students in the Kolfe-Keraniyo sub-city was conducted. The data were gathered using a pretested self-administered structured questionnaire. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with substance use based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with p values less than 0.05. Result This study revealed that the lifetime prevalence of substance use among preparatory students in Kolfe-Keraniyo sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was 26.5% (95% CI, 22.2, 30.7%). Specifically, 16% drunk alcohol, 9.6% smoked cigarette, and 9.4% chewed khat. The 16.3% were current users, of which 8.3% were drinkers, 6.4% were smokers, and 5.9% were khat chewers. Substance use was significantly associated with being male (AOR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.284, 8.613), having alcohol drinking family member (AOR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.704, 9.196), having khat chewing family member (AOR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.161, 7.070), poor school substance use controlling rule (AOR, 6.64; 95% CI, 1.863, 23.687), availability of substance retailing shops in residential areas (AOR, 2.9; CI, 1.303, 6.606), strong relationship with parents (AOR, 0.005; 95% CI, 0.001, 0.026), and being member of school mini-media (AOR, 0.177; 95% CI, 0.048, 0.657). Conclusion According to the findings of this study, one-quarter of the study participants were substance users. Alcohol, khat, and cigarettes were all commonly used substances. Gender, parent-child relationship, family member substance use history, school substance use controlling rules, school mini-media and pro-social involvement, and the availability of substance retailing shops were all strongly associated with substance use. Strengthening school rules on substance use, controlling substance retailing shops near schools and residential areas, and providing students with health education are all strategies for reducing substance use among students.

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Determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36210/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mastewal Arefaynie ◽

Melaku Yalew ◽

Yitayish Damtie ◽

Bereket Kefale

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Sexual Initiation ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Community Level ◽

P Value ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Female Youth ◽

Early Sexual Initiation

Abstract Background: There is limited national representative evidence on determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth especially, community level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia.Method: A secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset which were collected cross-sectional. A total of 6143 female youth irrespective of their sexual activity were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05.Result: Individual-level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19-24 years [AOR=5.77, 95% CI= (4.58, 7.27)], not attend school [AOR=14.1, 95% CI= (8.06, 24.66)], ever chew Chat [AOR= 1.98, 95%CI= (1.32, 2.97)]. From community label factors living in Addis Ababa [AOR= 0.28, 95% CI= (0.17, 0.45)], living in Gambella [AOR=2.7, 95% CI= (1.7, 4.29)] and live in low proportion of poor communities [AOR= 0.66, 95% CI= (0.49, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Conclusion: Age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in high proportion of poor community had statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Improving educational coverage, improving community level wealth status are important interventions to delay the age of early sexual initiation among female youth.

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The Unheared Voice of Truant Students: Implications for School Leaders

Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies ◽

10.24203/ajhss.v7i4.5920 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mesfin Manaze

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

School Administrators ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Guidance And Counseling ◽

School Students ◽

Preparatory School ◽

Family Separation ◽

Poor Students ◽

The Impact

The objective of this study was to explore the possible factors, impacts and prevention mechanisms by school administrators of absenteeism among high school students in Yekatit 12 preparatory school of Addis Ababa City Administration. To achieve the objective of the study a qualitative approach was employed and data was collected from five students based on the number of days that they were absent from school. The main data collection methods employed were consultation of documents like the attendance sheet and records of the student on their absenteeism and in depth interview. Once the data was collected, it was transcribed and translated. Content analysis was used to find out the main themes emerging to answer the basic questions raised. Base on the analysis of the study, it was found out that substance abuse resulted from peer pressure; economic problems due to family separation and domestic chore burden were the main factors for studentsâ€™ absenteeism. The impact of absenteeism was also found to be huge in decreasing academic performance and results of the students as they miss lectures, demonstrations and class activities which are going to be marked including tests and quizzes. Though teachers and school administrators support was mentioned, it was not found to be at the level which is required to fully understand and help them not to dropout from Scholl. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the school has to put in place a strict control of drugs and alcohol inside the school premise, guidance and counseling service of the school to be strengthened and to try to engage NGOs and other partners to assist economically poor students.

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Individual and Community Level Factors Associated with Early Sexual Initiation Among Female Youth in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36210/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mastewal Arefaynie ◽

Melaku Yalew ◽

Yitayish Damtie ◽

Bereket Kefale

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Sexual Initiation ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Community Level ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Female Youth ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Early Sexual Initiation

Abstract Background: There is limited national representative evidence on determinants of early sexual act among youth (female) especially community level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia.Method: A secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset was collected cross-sectional. A total of 6143 15-24 years’ old females irrespective of their sexual activity were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05.Result: individual level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19-24 years [AOR=5.77, 95% CI= (4.58, 7.27)], not attend school [AOR=14.1, 95% CI= (8.06, 24.66)], ever chew Chat [AOR= 1.98, 95%CI= (1.32, 2.97)]. From community label variables living in Addis Ababa [AOR= 0.28, 95%CI= (0.17, 0.45)], living in Gambella [AOR=2.7, 95%CI= (1.7, 4.29)] and live in low proportion of poor communities [AOR= 0.66, 95% CI= (0.49, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early initiation of sexual intercourse of female youth. Conclusion: increased age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in high proportion of poor community had statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth. Improving educational coverage, improving community level wealth status are important interventions to delay the age of first sexual act among female youth.

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Determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36210/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mastewal Arefaynie ◽

Melaku Yalew ◽

Yitayish Damtie ◽

Bereket Kefale

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Sexual Initiation ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Community Level ◽

P Value ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Female Youth ◽

Early Sexual Initiation

Abstract Background: Evidences on determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth is still limited especially; community-level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess individual and community-level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia.Methods: The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset were used and a total of 6,143 participants (female youth) were included. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression was done to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of the association. Finally, the level of statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05.Results: Individual-level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19-24 years [AOR=5.8, 95% CI= (4.6, 7.3)], not attending school [AOR=14.1, 95% CI= (8.1, 24.7)], ever chewing Chat [AOR= 2.0, 95% CI= (1.3, 3.0)]. From community-level factors: living in Addis Ababa [AOR= 0.3, 95% CI= (0.2, 0.5)], living in Gambella [AOR=2.7, 95% CI= (1.7, 4.3)] and live in a low proportion of poor communities [AOR= 0.7, 95% CI= (0.5, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia.Conclusions: Age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in a high proportion of poor community had a statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Improving educational coverage and community-level of wealth status are important intervention areas to delay the age of early sexual initiation.

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Determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36210/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mastewal Arefaynie ◽

Melaku Yalew ◽

Yitayish Damtie ◽

Bereket Kefale

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Sexual Initiation ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Community Level ◽

P Value ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Female Youth ◽

Early Sexual Initiation

Abstract Background: There is limited national evidence on determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth especially; community level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Methods: A secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset. A total of 6,143 female youth were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by using STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Results: Individual-level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19-24 years [AOR=5.8, 95% CI= (4.6, 7.3)], not attend school [AOR=14.1, 95% CI= (8.1, 24.7)], ever chew Chat [AOR= 2.0, 95% CI= (1.3, 3.0)]. From community label factors: living in Addis Ababa [AOR= 0.3, 95% CI= (0.2, 0.5)], living in Gambella [AOR=2.7, 95% CI= (1.7, 4.3)] and live in low proportion of poor communities [AOR= 0.7, 95% CI= (0.5, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Conclusions: Age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in high proportion of poor community had statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Improving educational coverage and community level of wealth status are important intervention areas to delay the age of early sexual initiation among female youth.

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