scholarly journals Determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastewal Arefaynie ◽  
Melaku Yalew ◽  
Yitayish Damtie ◽  
Bereket Kefale
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Early Sexual Initiation

Abstract Background: There is limited national evidence on determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth especially; community level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Methods: A secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset. A total of 6,143 female youth were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by using STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Results: Individual-level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19-24 years [AOR=5.8, 95% CI= (4.6, 7.3)], not attend school [AOR=14.1, 95% CI= (8.1, 24.7)], ever chew Chat [AOR= 2.0, 95% CI= (1.3, 3.0)]. From community label factors: living in Addis Ababa [AOR= 0.3, 95% CI= (0.2, 0.5)], living in Gambella [AOR=2.7, 95% CI= (1.7, 4.3)] and live in low proportion of poor communities [AOR= 0.7, 95% CI= (0.5, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Conclusions: Age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in high proportion of poor community had statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Improving educational coverage and community level of wealth status are important intervention areas to delay the age of early sexual initiation among female youth.

scholarly journals Determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastewal Arefaynie ◽  
Melaku Yalew ◽  
Yitayish Damtie ◽  
Bereket Kefale
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Early Sexual Initiation

Abstract Background: There is limited national representative evidence on determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth especially, community level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia.Method: A secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset which were collected cross-sectional. A total of 6143 female youth irrespective of their sexual activity were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05.Result: Individual-level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19-24 years [AOR=5.77, 95% CI= (4.58, 7.27)], not attend school [AOR=14.1, 95% CI= (8.06, 24.66)], ever chew Chat [AOR= 1.98, 95%CI= (1.32, 2.97)]. From community label factors living in Addis Ababa [AOR= 0.28, 95% CI= (0.17, 0.45)], living in Gambella [AOR=2.7, 95% CI= (1.7, 4.29)] and live in low proportion of poor communities [AOR= 0.66, 95% CI= (0.49, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Conclusion: Age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in high proportion of poor community had statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Improving educational coverage, improving community level wealth status are important interventions to delay the age of early sexual initiation among female youth.

scholarly journals Determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastewal Arefaynie ◽  
Melaku Yalew ◽  
Yitayish Damtie ◽  
Bereket Kefale
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Early Sexual Initiation

Abstract Background: Evidences on determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth is still limited especially; community-level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess individual and community-level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia.Methods: The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset were used and a total of 6,143 participants (female youth) were included. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression was done to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of the association. Finally, the level of statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05.Results: Individual-level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19-24 years [AOR=5.8, 95% CI= (4.6, 7.3)], not attending school [AOR=14.1, 95% CI= (8.1, 24.7)], ever chewing Chat [AOR= 2.0, 95% CI= (1.3, 3.0)]. From community-level factors: living in Addis Ababa [AOR= 0.3, 95% CI= (0.2, 0.5)], living in Gambella [AOR=2.7, 95% CI= (1.7, 4.3)] and live in a low proportion of poor communities [AOR= 0.7, 95% CI= (0.5, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia.Conclusions: Age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in a high proportion of poor community had a statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Improving educational coverage and community-level of wealth status are important intervention areas to delay the age of early sexual initiation.

scholarly journals Determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastewal Arefaynie ◽  
Melaku Yalew ◽  
Yitayish Damtie ◽  
Bereket Kefale
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Early Sexual Initiation

Abstract Background Evidences on determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth is still limited especially; community-level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess individual and community-level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Methods The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset were used and a total of 6143 participants (female youth) were included. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression was done to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of the association. Finally, the level of statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Results Individual-level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19 to 24 years [AOR = 5.8, 95% CI = (4.6, 7.3)], not attending school [AOR = 14.1, 95% CI = (8.1, 24.7)], ever chewing Chat [AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = (1.3, 3.0)]. From community-level factors: living in Addis Ababa [AOR = 0.3, 95% CI = (0.2, 0.5)], living in Gambella [AOR = 2.7, 95% CI = (1.7, 4.3)] and live in a low proportion of poor communities [AOR = 0.7, 95% CI = (0.5, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Conclusions Age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in a high proportion of poor community had a statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Improving educational coverage and community-level of wealth status are important intervention areas to delay the age of early sexual initiation.

scholarly journals Individual and Community Level Factors Associated with Early Sexual Initiation Among Female Youth in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastewal Arefaynie ◽  
Melaku Yalew ◽  
Yitayish Damtie ◽  
Bereket Kefale
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Early Sexual Initiation

Abstract Background: There is limited national representative evidence on determinants of early sexual act among youth (female) especially community level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia.Method: A secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset was collected cross-sectional. A total of 6143 15-24 years’ old females irrespective of their sexual activity were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05.Result: individual level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19-24 years [AOR=5.77, 95% CI= (4.58, 7.27)], not attend school [AOR=14.1, 95% CI= (8.06, 24.66)], ever chew Chat [AOR= 1.98, 95%CI= (1.32, 2.97)]. From community label variables living in Addis Ababa [AOR= 0.28, 95%CI= (0.17, 0.45)], living in Gambella [AOR=2.7, 95%CI= (1.7, 4.29)] and live in low proportion of poor communities [AOR= 0.66, 95% CI= (0.49, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early initiation of sexual intercourse of female youth. Conclusion: increased age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in high proportion of poor community had statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth. Improving educational coverage, improving community level wealth status are important interventions to delay the age of first sexual act among female youth.

scholarly journals Determinants of wife-beating acceptance among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastewal Arefaynie ◽  
Gedamnesh Bitew ◽  
Erkihun Tadesse Amsalu ◽  
Bereket Kefale ◽  
Amare Muche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Television Exposure

Abstract Background There is limited national representative evidence on determinants of women’s acceptance of wife-beating especially; community level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community-level factors associated with acceptance of wife beating among reproductive age women in Ethiopia. Methods Secondary data analysis was done on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 15,683 weighted reproductive age group women were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by Stata version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of the association. Statistical significance was declared at p value less than 0.05 at the final model. Result Individual-level factors significantly associated with acceptance of wife-beating among women were; being Muslim follower [AOR = 1.3, 95% CI = (1.1, 1.5)], Being married [AOR = 1.3, 95% CI = (1.1, 1.6)], attending primary, secondary and higher education [AOR = 0.8, 95% CI = (0.7, 0.9)], [AOR = 0.4, 95% CI = (0.3, 0.5)], [AOR = 0.3, 95% CI (0.2, 0.4)] respectively. From community level factors, living in Somali [AOR = 0.2 95% CI = (0.1, 0.3)], Addis Ababa [AOR = 0.3, 95%CI = (0.2, 0.5)] and Dire Dawa [AOR = 0.5, 95% CI = (0.3, 0.7)] were 80%, 70% and 50% less likely accept wife-beating when compare to women who live in Tigray region, respectively. Live in high proportion of poor community [AOR = 1.2, 95% CI = (1.1, 1.3)], live in low proportion of television exposure communities [AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = (1.2, 2.2)] were significantly associated with acceptance of wife-beating among women in Ethiopia. Conclusion Educational status, religion, marital status, region, community-level wealth, and community level of television exposure had a statistical association with women’s acceptance of wife-beating. Improving educational coverage, community-level of media exposure, community-level wealth status and providing community-friendly interventions are important to reduce the acceptance of wife-beating among women in Ethiopia.

Geographical disparities and determinants of childhood diarrheal illness in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmamaw Atnafu ◽  
Malede Mequanent Sisay ◽  
Getu Debalkie Demissie ◽  
Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Diarrheal Illness ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background: Childhood diarrheal illness is the second leading cause of child mortality in Sub Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Studies hypothesized that there are regional variations. Thus, the study aimed to examine the spatial variations and to identify the determinants of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Methods: Data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was analyzed. This nationwide survey involved 10,337 children below 5 years old. The survey was carried out using a two-stage stratified sampling design. Moran’s I and LISA were used to detect the spatial clustering of diarrhea cases and to test for clustering in the data. Descriptive statistics followed by a mixed-effect logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of diarrhea. Results: Overall, 11.87% of children were experienced childhood diarrheal illness. The study reveals high-risk areas were Southern and central Ethiopia, while eastern and west were indicated as low-risk regions. Younger children were more likely to suffer from childhood diarrhea than their older counterparts: age 6 to 12, 12 to 23, and 24 to 35 months were (AOR = 2.66, (95% CI 2.01, 3.52)), (AOR = 2.45, (95% CI 1.89, 3.17)), and (AOR = 1.53, (95% CI 1.17, 2.01)), respectively. Children living in Tigray (AOR= 1.69 (95% CI, 1.01, 2.83)), Amhara (AOR = 1.80, (95% CI, 1.06, 3.06), SNNPR (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.22, 3.42), and Gambela (AOR = 2.05, (95% CI 1.22, 3.42)), faced greater risk than Addis Ababa city. The odds of getting diarrhea is decreased by 24% among households having ≥3 under-five children as compared to households having only one under-five child (AOR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.94)). The odds of children getting diarrheal illness among working mothers increase by 19% as compared to not working (AOR = 1.19 (95% CI 1.03, 1.38)). Conclusions: childhood diarrheal illness is highly prevalent among under-five children, particularly in SNNP, Gambella, Oromia, and Benishangul Gumuz regions. Capacity building programs with best experience sharing and better household environment may prove effective in reducing the incidence of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Keywords: Spatial statistics, Ethiopia, under-five children, Diarrhea, Generalized Mixed Model

scholarly journals Sex-specific prevalence, inequality and associated predictors of hypertension, diabetes, and comorbidity among Bangladeshi adults: results from a nationwide cross-sectional demographic and health survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e029364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nausad Ali ◽  
Raisul Akram ◽  
Nurnabi Sheikh ◽  
Abdur Razzaque Sarker ◽  
Marufa Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Healthcare Utilisation ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

ObjectivesTo determine the sex-specific prevalence, inequality and factors associated with healthcare utilisation for diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and comorbidity among the adult population of Bangladesh.Study designThis study analysed cross-sectional nationwide Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data from 2011. Comorbidity was defined as the coexistence of both DM and hypertension. Several socioeconomic and demographic factors such as age, sex, education, geographic location, administrative division, employment status, education and wealth index were considered as major explanatory variables. Inequality in prevalence and healthcare utilisation was measured using the ‘Lorenz curve’. Adjusted multiple logistic regression models were performed to observe the effects of different factors and reported as adjusted ORs (AORs) with 95% CIs. A p value of <0.05 was adopted as the level of statistical significance.SettingThe study was conducted in Bangladesh.ParticipantsA total of 7521 adult participants with availability of biomarkers information were included.ResultsThe mean age of the study participants was 51.4 years (SD ±13.0). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity were 29.7%, 11.0% and 4.5% respectively. Socioeconomic inequality was observed in the utilisation of healthcare services. A higher prevalence of hypertension and comorbidity was significantly associated with individuals aged >70 years (AOR 7.0, 95% CI 5.0 to 9.9; AOR 6.7, 95% CI 3.0 to 14.9). The risk of having hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity were significantly higher among more educated, unemployed as well as among individuals from Khulna division.ConclusionsThe study revealed a rising prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity with inequality in service utilisation. A joint effort involving public, private and non-governmental organisations is necessary to ensure improved accessibility in service utilisation and to reduce the disease burden.

scholarly journals Do mothers who delivered at health facilities return to health facilities for postnatal care follow-up? A multilevel analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249793
Author(s):  
Brhane Ayele ◽  
Mulugeta Woldu ◽  
Haftom Gebrehiwot ◽  
Tsegay Wellay ◽  
Tsegay Hadgu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Regression ◽  
Explanatory Variables

Introduction Returning to health facility for postnatal care (PNC) use after giving birth at health facility could reflect the health seeking behavior of mothers. However, such studies are rare though they are critically important to develop vigorous strategies to improve PNC service utilization. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude and factors associated with returning to health facilities for PNC among mothers who delivered in Ethiopian health facilities after they were discharged. Methods This cross-sectional study used 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 2405mothers who gave birth in a health facility were included in this study. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model was fitted to estimate both independent (fixed) effects of the explanatory variables and community-level (random) effects on return for PNC utilization. Variable with p-value of ≤ 0.25 from unadjusted multilevel logistic regression were selected to develop three models and p-value of ≤0.05 was used to declare significance of the explanatory variables on the outcome variable in the final (adjusted) model. Analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics version 21. Result In this analysis, from the total 2405 participants, 14.3% ((95%CI: 12.1–16.8), (n = 344)) of them returned to health facilities for PNC use after they gave birth at a health facility. From the multilevel logistic regression analysis, being employed (AOR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.04–2.19), receiving eight and above antenatal care visits (AOR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.05–8.00), caesarean section delivery (AOR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.40–4.58) and rural residence (AOR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.36–0.88) were found significantly associated with return to health facilities for PNC use among women who gave birth at health facility. Conclusion Facility-based PNC utilization among mothers who delivered at health facilities is low in Ethiopia. Both individual and community level variables were determined women to return to health facilities for PNC use. Thus, adopting context-specific strategies/policies could improve PNC utilization and should be paid a due focus.

scholarly journals Predictors of Discrimination Towards People Living With HIV/ AIDS Among People Aged 15–49 Years in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastewal Arefaynie ◽  
Yitayish Damtie ◽  
Bereket Kefale ◽  
Melaku Yalew
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Community Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract BackgroundThere is limited national representative evidence on determinants of discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS especially, community level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS among 15 to 49 age people in Ethiopia.MethodA secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset which were collected cross-sectional. A total of 25,927 15 to 49 age people were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05.Resultfrom individual variables, female [AOR=1.47, 95% CI= (1.18, 1.83)], rural dwellers [AOR=1.65, 95% CI= ( 1.23, 2.21)], not attend education[AOR=5.88,95% CI= (4.50, 7.67)], attending primary education [AOR=3.03, 95% CI= (2.40, 3.81)] and attending secondary education [AOR=1.48, 95% CI= ( 1.19, 1.82)] have discrimination attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. From community level factors, live in low proportion of educated communities [AOR=1.33, 95% CI= (1.01, 1.65)], live in low proportion of HIV tested communities [AOR=1.61, 95% CI= (1.33, 1.93)] were significantly associated with people living with HIV/AIDS.Conclusionsex of the respondent, religion, educational status, house hold wealth index, marital status, media exposure, internet use, HIV test status, region, residence, community level of education and community level of HIV test status have significant association with HIV related stigma in Ethiopia. Improving educational coverage, improving community level HIV/AIDS test coverage are important interventions to reduce discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS in the country.

scholarly journals Geographical variations and associated factors of defaulting from immunization among children aged 12 to 23 months in Ethiopia: using spatial and multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukemil Awol ◽  
Zewdie Aderaw Alemu ◽  
Nurilign Abebe Moges ◽  
Kemal Jemal
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Global Moran’S I

Abstract Background In Ethiopia, despite the considerable improvement in immunization coverage, the burden of defaulting from immunization among children is still high with marked variation among regions. However, the geographical variation and contextual factors of defaulting from immunization were poorly understood. Hence, this study aimed to identify the spatial pattern and associated factors of defaulting from immunization. Methods An in-depth analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2016) data was used. A total of 1638 children nested in 552 enumeration areas (EAs) were included in the analysis. Global Moran’s I statistic and Bernoulli purely spatial scan statistics were employed to identify geographical patterns and detect spatial clusters of defaulting immunization, respectively. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with defaulting immunization. A p value < 0.05 was used to identify significantly associated factors with defaulting of child immunization. Results A spatial heterogeneity of defaulting from immunization was observed (Global Moran’s I = 0.386379, p value < 0.001), and four significant SaTScan clusters of areas with high defaulting from immunization were detected. The most likely primary SaTScan cluster was seen in the Somali region, and secondary clusters were detected in (Afar, South Nation Nationality of people (SNNP), Oromiya, Amhara, and Gambella) regions. In the final model of the multilevel analysis, individual and community level factors accounted for 56.4% of the variance in the odds of defaulting immunization. Children from mothers who had no formal education (AOR = 4.23; 95% CI: 117, 15.78), and children living in Afar, Oromiya, Somali, SNNP, Gambella, and Harari regions had higher odds of having defaulted immunization from community level. Conclusions A clustered pattern of areas with high default of immunization was observed in Ethiopia. Both the individual and community-level characteristics were statistically significant factors of defaulting immunization. Therefore, the Federal Ethiopian Ministry of Health should prioritize the areas with defaulting of immunization and consider the identified factors for immunization interventions.

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