Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Sediments from Jeddah Coast of Saudi Red Sea following the 1996 Fuel Oil Spill

ABSTRACT The armed conflict between the Hezbolí in Lebanon and Israel during the summer 2006 resulted in damage to infrastructure and buildings on both sides. One of the targets of Israeli attacks was the fuel storage tanks of the Jiyeh power plant south of Beirut. The fuel storage tanks were hit by missiles on July 13 and July 15. The attacks resulted in a fire and the release of 10–15 thousand tons of fuel oil into the Mediterranean Sea. The clean-up efforts after the spill were prevented for about one month due to the ongoing conflict and a naval blockade of the country. The present investigation was carried out in order to assess the environmental damage of the oil spill. The investigation focused on the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments, oysters, and fish. The samples were collected from about 30 different sites along the coast. The concentrations found in the sampling carried out 3 months after the spill showed moderately elevated concentrations in the same range as what is often found in coastal sediments subjected to anthropogenic influences from boating and run-off from urban areas. Although the oil spill resulted in significant contamination of the shoreline, it probably added only marginally to the background concentrations in the seabed sediments at 4 to 25 m water depth along the Lebanese coast. The oil spill caused minor impact on contaminated rocks and beaches directly exposed to the oil spill. These impacts were caused mainly by the physical properties of the oil as most of the toxic compounds evaporated in connection with the fire when the oil spill started and the weathering processes when the oil drifted northwards along the Lebanese coast.

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Assessment of accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons by the hydrobionts of the south-eastern part of the Onega bay of the White sea

Arctic and Antarctic Research ◽

10.30758/0555-2648-2019-65-4-462-474 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 462-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. V. Neverova ◽

T. Ya. Vorobyeva ◽

A. V. Chupakov

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

White Sea ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

The White Sea ◽

Oil Sand ◽

Heavy Petroleum ◽

Onega Bay

In order to assess the current state of the ecosystem of the southeast of the Onega Bay of the White Sea affected by fuel oil spill in 2003, the accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons was analyzed by the dominant species of aquatic organisms collected on the littoral of the most polluted coast in the areas of Purnem and Lyamts villages. In 2012, samples of aquatic organisms were taken in an area where all the species discussed in this work are represented on a small area: bivalved mollusks, attached molluscs, gastropods, polychaetes. In 2013 and 2018, samples of hydrobionts were additionally selected, in the three-kilometer strip of the coast on either sides of the givin point. In 2012 and 2013, high concentrations of HC in the tissues of bivalves were recorded. In 2018, the concentrations of hydrocarbons in the tissues of the studied hydrobionts were comparable to background values. A non-parametric test of Mann-Whitney showed a significant decrease in НС in mussel tissue from 2013 to 2018, at a significance level of 0.05. Taking into account the low levels of HC in the aqueous medium (less than 1 MPC of fishfarm) and in bottom sediments (from 0.34 to 9.03 mg/kg, the median of 1.41 mg/kg) in 2018, and is comparable with the background contents of hydrocarbons in tissues of aquatic organisms. We can conclude that after 15 years of the fuel oil spill, the condition of the Cape Deep ecosystem in terms of the content of hydrocarbons returns to the baseline state, continuing emissions of oil-sand lumps do not adversely affect the ecosystem. Based on the work done, it can also be concluded that ecotoxocological methods are priority in assessing the prolonged (or delayed) accidental impact of heavy petroleum products on aquatic ecosystems. The conclusion about the presence or absence of a negative impact on the aquatic ecosystem of hydrocarbons, based solely on the analysis of abiotic components, may not be sufficiently informative because it does not take into account the accumulative and deferred effects, especially manifested in the cold Arctic waters.

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Bio-based Dispersants for Fuel Oil Spill Remediation Based on the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Deviation (HLD) Concept and Box-Behnken Design

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117378 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 117378

Author(s):

Parisarin Nawavimarn ◽

Witchaya Rongsayamanont ◽

Tipsuda Subsanguan ◽

Ekawan Luepromchai

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Oil Spill Remediation

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Action mechanisms of petroleum hydrocarbons present in waters impacted by an oil spill on the genetic material of Allium cepa root cells

Aquatic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.04.012 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 214-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Daniela Morais Leme ◽

Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis ◽

Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Root Cells ◽

Action Mechanisms

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OIL SPILL INCIDENTS AND DISPERSANT APPLICATIONS IN KUWAIT

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-247 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 1987 (1) ◽

pp. 247-253

Author(s):

Salah M. Al-Mazidi ◽

Omar Samhan

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽

Oil Spills ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Coastal Environment ◽

Industrial Activities ◽

Oil Refineries ◽

North And South

ABSTRACT Since the discovery of oil in Kuwait, most oil-related activities have been located along the coastline 50 km south of Kuwait City. Other related industrial activities have been developed in this area apart from oil and petroleum products export in order to diversify the national sources of income. For these reasons, the potential for large oil spills in Kuwait's marine environment is highest along the south coast, where oil refineries and exporting facilities are located. An average of 219 barrels of oil were spilled annually between 1979 and 1985, and 2,100 gallons of dispersants were used in cleanup operations. The majority of incidents involved less than 5 barrels of oil and 500 gallons of dispersants. Incidents involving more than 100 barrels of oil and 5,000 gallons of dispersants were confined to the Sea Island and Mina Al-Ahmadi North and South Piers. This distribution undoubtedly affects the concentration of petroleum residues in various components of the marine environment, resulting in an increase in tar ball density along this coast, reaching a maximum at Ras Az-Zor, and significantly higher levels of vanadium and petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments and oysters collected south of Mina Al-Ahmadi. The objective of this paper is to report on the number, volume, and frequency distribution of oil spill incidents in Kuwait and the usage of dispersants in cleanup operations. Vanadium and petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations also are described as is the sensitivity of the southern coastal environment to oil spills. Recommendations have been made on how to conduct cleanup operations for any future oil spill incidents along the southern shoreline of Kuwait.

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Public health impacts of an imminent Red Sea oil spill

Nature Sustainability ◽

10.1038/s41893-021-00774-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Benjamin Q. Huynh ◽

Laura H. Kwong ◽

Mathew V. Kiang ◽

Elizabeth T. Chin ◽

Amir M. Mohareb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Red Sea ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Health Impacts ◽

Clean Water ◽

Humanitarian Crisis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Sea Ports ◽

Oil Tanker ◽

Urgent Action

AbstractThe possibility of a massive oil spill in the Red Sea is increasingly likely. The Safer, a deteriorating oil tanker containing 1.1 million barrels of oil, has been deserted near the coast of Yemen since 2015 and threatens environmental catastrophe to a country presently in a humanitarian crisis. Here, we model the immediate public health impacts of a simulated spill. We estimate that all of Yemen’s imported fuel through its key Red Sea ports would be disrupted and that the anticipated spill could disrupt clean-water supply equivalent to the daily use of 9.0–9.9 million people, food supply for 5.7–8.4 million people and 93–100% of Yemen’s Red Sea fisheries. We also estimate an increased risk of cardiovascular hospitalization from pollution ranging from 5.8 to 42.0% over the duration of the spill. The spill and its potentially disastrous impacts remain entirely preventable through offloading the oil. Our results stress the need for urgent action to avert this looming disaster.

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OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANS: INCORPORATING WASTE MANAGEMENT AND FURTHERING ITS PROMOTION1

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-281 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2005 (1) ◽

pp. 281-283

Author(s):

Cassandra Richardson

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Waste Disposal ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Fundamental Problem ◽

Good Practice ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Contingency Plans

ABSTRACT A fundamental problem exists with waste disposal in marine-based oil spill clean up, as up to ten times more waste can be generated than the actual oil spilled. Lessons learnt are rarely recognised until the clean up operation has finished and oiled waste has accumulated. In 1999 the oil tanker Erika broke in two and sank off the coast of Brittany, France. Spilling 20,000 tonnes of Heavy Fuel Oil but creating 250,000 tonnes of oiled waste. The Author, during the Prestige spill has observed first hand how the handling and disposal of oily waste can have major implications for oil clean up operations. It can hinder the entire operation by causing bottlenecks and delays in further recovery of oil, unless suitable arrangements can be made. The promotion of a holistic approach to waste management is fundamental to effective oil recovery operations and should be incorporated into oil spill contingency plans. The paper will highlight the importance of developing a proactive waste management strategy, emphasising good practice and the key issues involved. The paper is supported by existing reports, the author's practical experience and a published document, co-authored, on current waste disposal options for IPIECA's technical document series.

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Electromagnetic imaging of a fuel oil spill at Sandia/CA

10.2172/469168 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

L.C. Bartel

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Electromagnetic Imaging

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Response to the Esso Bernicia oil spill

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0269727000006035 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 233-245

Author(s):

Peter Foxton ◽

Martin Heubeck

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Contingency Planning ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil

SynopsisA brief description is given of the accident to the tanker Esso Bernicia that resulted in the release of 1174 tonnes of heavy fuel oil into the harbour at Sullom Voe. The measures taken to deal with the spill and the resulting oil pollution are described and their effectiveness assessed. Aspects of the environmental effects are considered with particular reference to birds, otters and sheep. Wide-ranging inquiries were made into the cause of the incident, the adequacy of the response, and the effects of the pollution. The actions that resulted are described. Finally the significance of the event is considered in relation to the subsequent development of oil spill contingency planning at Sullom Voe, and in the wider context of Shetland.

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