Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of a methanolic extract of Debregeasia salicifolia in Alloxan-induced diabetic albino mice

Diabetes mellitus (DM), an endocrine syndrome characterized by high blood glucose levels due to abrogated insulin activity. The existing treatments for DM have side effects and varying degrees of efficacy. Therefore, it is paramount that novel approaches be developed to enhance the management of DM. Therapeutic plants have been accredited as having comparatively high efficacy with fewer adverse effects. The current study aims to elucidate the phytochemical profile, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic effects of methanolic extract D. salicifolia (leaves) in Alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Alloxan was injected intraperitoneally (150 mg kg-1, b.w), to induced diabetes in mice. The mice were divided into three groups (n=10). Group 1 (normal control) received normal food and purified water, Group II (diabetic control) received regular feed and clean water and group III (diabetic treated) received a methanolic extract of the plant (300 mg kg-1) for 28 days with a typical diet and clean water throughout the experiment. Blood samples were collected to checked serum glucose and concentration of LDL, TC, TG. The extract demonstrated significant antihyperglycemic activity (P<0.05), whereas improvements in mice's body weight and lipid profiles were observed after treatment with the extract. This study establishes that the extract has high efficacy with comparatively less toxicity that can be used for DM management.

Clean Water Using Solar and Wind: Outside the Power Grid (Persian Translation)

Solar photo-voltaic (PV) and wind offer to bring both clean energy and clean water to remote regions and peri-urban areas in the world, outside the conventional electric grids. One out of seven people has no electric power available that would bring light to the home, cook the food, pump to access water and purify or re-use it. Off-grid systems are scalable and can be designed to any size, from household to village and community levels. The renewable energy cost development is remarkable and can make electric power affordable also for the poorest. Renewables promise an end to the era where energy security is closely related to geopolitics. The expenditure is up-front capital cost while “fuel” is free. With renewables, there is no geopolitical pressure where one country has deposits of a fossil fuel while another does not. This book aims to show how clean water and clean energy are reachable for all while contributing to both a better climate and a healthier life. ISBN: 9781789062953 (eBook)

Lotka-Volterra Model of Wastewater Treatment in Bioreactor System using 4th Order Runge-Kutta Method

Wastewater treatment is essential to preserve the ecosystem and to ensure water resources are uncontaminated. This paper presents the Lotka-Volterra model of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of the interaction between predator-prey and substrate. The dimensionless ordinary differential equations of the model are solved using the 4th Order Runge-Kutta method (RK4) in MATLAB®. This study discusses the behaviour parameters of predators, prey and substrate. The results are shown graphically for different values of each parameter. Hence, the biological reaction of clean water from the interaction of predator-prey and substrate in wastewater treatment is identified. The higher the concentration of prey, the faster the concentration of substrate reaches 0 with and without the natural death of prey. The clean water will be produced whenever the concentration of prey and the concentration of predator are in balance regardless of the natural death rate. Stability analysis using the Jacobian matrix at the equilibrium point is also performed to determine the stability of the system.

Clustering Countries in the Context of the Pandemic and Underlying Conditions

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the state of underlying conditions of countries in terms of health system, sanitary infrastructure, governance, among others. This study aims to classify countries using COVID-19-related variables such as the lethality rate, the contagion growth rate, the stringency index, and underlying conditions of countries directly related to COVID-19 such as access to clean water, hospital beds per 10000 inhabitants, government effectiveness index, population older than 65 years old and economic growth rate. To determine the clusters of a set of countries from all continents (29 from Africa, 35 from Asia, 35 from Europe, 11 from North America, 2 from Oceania and 8 from South America), the k-means partitioning method is used. This approach consists in constructing partitions and evaluate their intra-class and inter-class similarity. Based on the results, three clusters are identified: i. Severely affected countries with high stringency and moderate capacity, ii. Moderately affected countries with moderate stringency and high capacity and iii. Severely affected countries with low stringency but low capacity.

Identification of Environmental-Based Health Problems in the Coastal Area of Banyuasih Village, Pandeglang Regency, Indonesia

Sanitation is still a problem for most Indonesians who have below average welfare status, especially in coastal areas where the fishing profession is dominant. The purpose of this study is to identify environmental-based health problems in the coastal area of Banyuasih Village, Pandeglang Regency, Indonesia. The method used is cross-sectional, with the unit of analysis being the household. A sample of 157 respondents was the head of the family which was taken by simple random sampling. The results of the study indicate that environmental health factors have not met good sanitation standards. These factors are garbage disposal sites, clean water sources, family latrines, and houses to live in. The conclusion of this study is that the majority of people in this coastal area still have poor sanitation knowledge and behavior.

High concentrations of pharmaceuticals emerging as a threat to Himalayan water sustainability

The sixth UN Sustainable Development Goal, Clean Water and Sanitation, directly underpins other goals of Health, Life in Water and Sustainable Cities. We highlight that poor sanitation, exemplified through some of the highest concentrations of pharmaceuticals ever detected in rivers, will amplify societal and environmental stress where climate-induced reductions in flow are predicted. Rapidly growing urban centres with inadequate water treatment works will need to prioritise water quality improvement before supply reductions become a reality. For 23 river locations within Kathmandu City and the Annapurna region, Nepal, we show the presence of 28 of 35 monitored human-use pharmaceuticals. Concentrations of antibiotics measured in this sampling campaign in both Kathmandu City (sulfamethazine, metronidazole and ciprofloxacin) and rural locations (ciprofloxacin) are in excess of predicted no effect concentrations, suggesting these sites are at risk of proliferating antimicrobial resistance as well as affecting other ecotoxicological endpoints. It is anticipated that climate-induced reductions in flow combined with contaminated river systems will amplify future societal and environmental stress.

Education And Training of Bengawan Solo Water Cleaning Using Filtration Method in Karanggeneng Village, Karanggeneng District, Lamongan Regency

The northern part of Lamongan Regency is an area that is geologically and geographically vulnerable to freshwater. The condition of the existing water sources is not suitable for use as a source of clean water, because the water is brackish and green in color. The eutrophication process occurs due to excessive use of fertilizers for pond business, so that the nitrogen and phosphate content is high. The community in Karanggeneng village uses water from the Bengawan Solo River for daily use. The water condition of Bengawan Solo in the rainy season is dark brown in color because it contains a lot of soil, while in the dry season it is green because it contains a lot of pesticide or fertilizer residues discarded by farmers. From the problems above, it is necessary to socialize the water purification of Bengawan Solo by using the filtration method. Socialization activities are carried out directly to the Karanggeneng village community. This activity is carried out in two stages, the first is the preparation of tools and materials, the second stage is socialization to the community. In the first stage, chemical and physical water quality parameters were tested. In the second stage, the community was very enthusiastic about the implementation of this activity. The use of filtration methods is easy and inexpensive to be applied on a household scale. Suggestions, it is necessary to disseminate information to the wider community so that all people can access clean water for their daily needs. the second stage is socialization to the community. In the first stage, chemical and physical water quality parameters were tested. In the second stage, the community was very enthusiastic about the implementation of this activity. The use of filtration methods is easy and inexpensive to be applied on a household scale. Suggestions, it is necessary to disseminate information to the wider community so that all people can access clean water for their daily needs. the second stage is socialization to the community. In the first stage, chemical and physical water quality parameters were tested. In the second stage, the community was very enthusiastic about the implementation of this activity. The use of filtration methods is easy and inexpensive to be applied on a household scale. Suggestions, it is necessary to disseminate information to the wider community so that all people can access clean water for their daily needs.