PFDA-FMEA-VSM Application for Outsourcing Risk Analysis

Manufacturing corporations has the acceptance of the Outsourcing Process (OP) to improve industrial activities as well as to archive the revenue objectives, and with this, Risk Analysis (RA) tools are constantly used to assure expected results. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is one of preferred RA tools, moreover, it is proven that FMEA adds uncertainty because of the human participation at the RA, afterward it is demonstrated that Pythagorean Fuzzy Dimensional Analysis – FMEA – Value Stream Mapping (PFDA-FMEA-VSM) method removes the uncertainty in RA, likewise it aids to the stakeholders for decision making, giving more advantages improving the use of the resources on the project. This document exhibits a real case scenario in a manufacturing firm applying PFDA-FMEA-VSM method adapted for manufacturing OP. The application of PFDA-FMEA-VSM shows solid RA results, removing the human intervention uncertainty added to the risk ranking, gives advantages to the stakeholders for visualize the main risks in detailed diagram, as well as make easier to take better decisions on where to apply resources and mitigate risks during OP.

Environmental resilience and physical structure of Bazian City

The ability of an organism or system to restore form and position elastically following a disturbance or interruption of any type is the true meaning of resilience. How often does the term “resilience” appear in regional or metropolitan contexts to allude to a local socio-economic system’s ability to rebound from a shock or disruption? Resilience can be characterized in a variety of ways. Another term is buffer capacity, which refers to a system’s ability to absorb disturbances and the quantity of disturbance before the system’s structure is altered by modifying the variables and processes that influence behavior. The study concludes that industrial activities affect the city in general and the city’s environment in particular through the pollutants caused by these activities. In order to develop planning solutions to address any change in the city under the concept of environmental resilience, the researchers paid attention to this aspect, which provides treatments, solutions, and suggestions in order to preserve the city from crises and Industrial activities that negatively affect the environment of the city, that the city of Bazian contains industrial factories for the manufacture of cement and bricks because it is rich in raw materials. Of the importance of industrial activities that contribute to the production of an economic resource for the region, but there are deficiencies in the ecological systems that maintain the direct impact of these industries on the environment, the insufficiency of regulations and legislation within the framework of industrial determinants.

The Urgency of Harmonization of Regulations Regarding Groundwater Utilization in Industrial Activities in Batang Regency

This study will analyze the negative impacts of natural resource management in the form of environmental damage and pollution, agrarian conflicts, impoverishment, and neglect of community rights. This is a serious problem that must be resolved. These problems are related to the ineffectiveness of implementing a Regional Regulation (Perda) in the community and the disharmony at the stage of forming a Regional Regulation. This research is a normative juridical law research. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the Law has determined that "every Draft Regional Regulation (Raperda) before being stipulated as a Regional Regulation must first be harmonized at the stage of drafting the Raperda". However, at the practical level, there is often a neglect of the harmonization of the Raperda on executive initiatives, this does not only lead to certain legal consequences (procedural defects) but also raises assumptions related to the existence of overlapping powers. As also happened, there is material in the Batang Regency Regional Regulation number 13 of 2019 concerning the Batang Regency Spatial Plan for 2019-2039, especially in article 128 letter i of the Batang Regency Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2019 regarding the 2019 Batang Regency Spatial Plan. -2039 states that "it is forbidden to use groundwater for industrial activities and industrial support activities and direct industrial activities to utilize surface water, contrary to Central Java Provincial Regulation Number 3 of 2018 so that legal harmonization is necessary.

Monitoring spatio-temporal compliance of urban development plans using GIS and remote sensing in Nairobi City County, Kenya

Development control aims to provide an urban environment with quality service delivery, optimal use of available resources, conservation, and reduction of haphazard urban growth. At the core of development control is the compliance assessment process, which ensures adherence to regulatory policies. The City of Nairobi compliance assessment process lacks considerable enforcement capacity and this has led to uncontrolled development. This study uses GIS and remote sensing to assess the spatio-temporal compliance of development plan(s) in Nairobi City County. Land use/cover of Nairobi City County from 1976 to 2019 were obtained from classified Landsat images at a nearly 10-year interval of six epochs (1976, 1984, 1993, 2002, 2010 and 2019). The zoning plan maps were digitised and superimposed on the classified images to determine compliance, taking subsequent reviews of spatial development plans into account. The non-compliance rates for residential, commercial, and industrial activities varied at 57~84%, 63~81% and 65~92%, respectively, during the study period (1976–2019). A comparison between the planned and non-compliant areas showed that residential, commercial, and industrial activities occurred mostly outside planned areas from 1976 to 2019. The analysis showed a considerably less increase in non-compliance on commercial land use. This is so because of the review done on the zoning plan for Nairobi City in 2005. The industrial land use non-compliance was constantly increasing over the study period, an indicator of the ever-rising rate of urbanisation in the Nairobi metropolitan area. This study illustrates the power of rapid spatial mapping in monitoring compliance of urban development plans for informed decision making.

Hubs for Circularity: Geo-Based Industrial Clustering towards Urban Symbiosis in Europe

Since the Green Deal, ambitious climate and resource neutrality goals have been set in Europe. Here, process industries hold a unique position due to their energy and material transformation capabilities. They are encouraged to develop cross-sectorial hubs for achieving not only climate ambition, but also joining a circular economy through urban–industrial symbiosis with both business and community stakeholders. This research proposes a data-based approach to identify potential hub locations by means of cluster analysis. A total of three different algorithms are compared on a set of location and pollution data of European industrial facilities: K-means, hierarchical agglomerative and density-based spatial clustering. The DBSCAN algorithm gave the best indication of potential locations for hubs because of its capacity to tune the main parameters. It evidenced that predominately west European countries have a high potential for identifying hubs for circularity (H4Cs) due to their industrial density. In Eastern Europe, the industrial landscape is more scattered, suggesting that additional incentives might be needed to develop H4Cs. Furthermore, industrial activities such as the production of aluminium, cement, lime, plaster, or electricity are observed to have a relatively lower tendency to cluster compared with the petrochemical sector. Finally, further lines of research to identify and develop industrial H4Cs are suggested.

Methodology for the economic estimation of the environmental damages caused by land, soil and air pollution in Kenya: a review of previously used methods

Environmental compensation is a form of payment for pollution of nature and the environment and the destruction of land, plants or animals. One of the challenges in ensuring waste management in Kenya is how to measure the negative effect of industrial activities and waste on the environment, economy, and human health. Although the amount of compensation should be established on the basis of the environmental-economic assessment of the appropriate environment, it should also be sufficient to implement measures aimed at restoring, reproducing and improving this environment. Kenya has not yet developed a clear legal framework for compensation for environmental damage even through it has a clear and elaborate Environmental Management and Coordination Act for the protection of the environment. Previous studies on the cost of environmental damage in Kenya have successfully used two methodologies: emergency costs and soil, air, and water pollution. This works examines the essence of these methods, as well as the possibility of their application in assessing the cost of damage to the environment as a result of human economic activity.

VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF UNDERGROUND AQUIFERS TO CONTAMINATION USING THE DRASTIC METHOD AND RISK DETERMINATION

Groundwater represents an important component in the supply of freshwater in several regions around the world. The contamination of these waters is a worrisome problem in the management of water resources. Since underground aquifers are vulnerable to contamination by human and industrial activities, including land use, the diagnosis associated with land use is critical for environmental management. The present study was carried out in the Uberaba sandstone formation, in which the vulnerability of the subterranean aquifers was determined using the DRASTIC method, by evaluating the interaction between the use and occupation of the land using a geographic information system. Thus, the risk of contamination of the underground aquifer was determined by evaluating the land use with the water quality and fertility. The tool applied in the present study proved effective for the diagnosis, management and action planning in the short and long term, with the intention of preserving these natural resources.

Magnesite Ore Washing Facilities’ Wastewater Treatment and Recovered Water Reuse

Grecian Magnesite S.A., located in Gerakini, Chalkidiki, N. Greece, is a magnesite mining company, which produces and commercializes several Mg-based products. For production purposes, water is applied in large quantities for several uses. As a result, 5 × 106–7 × 106 m3 of wastewater, consisting mainly of muddy water, is produced from the magnesite ore washing facilities each year. In this study, the environmental impact of mining and industrial activities is examined, and the water management issues are addressed through its recovery. Water recovery reaches up to 96% (v/v), whereas the remaining sludge waste is safely deposited in tailings ponds.

Enterosorption in the Treatment of Heavy Metal Poisoning

Enterosorption is a cost-effective and efficient approach to reducing the impact of chronic exposure to heavy metals and radionuclides. As an auxiliary method to medical treatment, it can protect population chronically exposed to the intake of heavy metals or radioactivity due to industrial activities or in the aftermath of technogenic or natural accidents. This paper assesses the current state of the art in the treatment of acute and chronic heavy metal poisoning.

Alzheimers Disease-Like Neuropathology Following Exposure to Ambient Noise

Many factors play a role in the risk of dementia, including the environment. Widespread and significant worldwide exposure to noise, the severity of related health consequences, and the limited tools available to the public to protect themselves strongly support the WHO's argument that 'noise pollution is not only an environmental nuisance but also a threat to public health'. Exposures to noise from industrial activities, airport noise, or occupational noise are very important. One of the limitations of such studies is the lack of information about lifestyle habits that can play a key role in a person's risk of dementia. This review suggests that people with more exposure to ambient noise are at higher risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and dementia than other people and we examined how chronic noise exposure causes neuropathology such as AD and how it relates to ApoE4 activation. Further studies are essential to expanding global knowledge about the harmful health effects and costs of health care due to noise pollution.