A finite element approach for the analysis of straight and bent reinforcing bars in confined concrete under monotonic loading is presented. This type of anchorage is mostly found in joints. Bond and transverse dissipative energies are included. The proposed approach predicts the capacity, bond, slip, strains, and stresses along the bars in curved and straight configurations. This method can be used to predict bar pullout behavior. Various bond-slip models and test results are available in the literature. Many of the current approaches do not consider the plastic stage bond, transverse pressure, and large deformations. These shortcomings are resolved in this research. A simplified but effective approach is proposed for plastic stage bond. Internal and external transverse pressures are addressed presenting a mathematically sound incremental procedure. These solutions are appended to the existing nonlinear strategies to accommodate large deformations. Comparison with published experimental results demonstrates the accuracy of the proposed method.
A combined Lattice-Boltzmann-finite element approach to modeling unsaturated poroelastic behavior of heterogeneous media