Expression and localization of the vascular endothelial growth factor and changes of microvessel density during hair follicle development of Liaoning cashmere goats

AimsThe authors investigated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) protein expression in a series of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph- MPNs) and its correlations with microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Methods83 bone marrow biopsies of Ph- MPNs patients, including 27 essential thrombocythaemia (ET), 21 polycythaemia vera (PV) and 35 primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and 10 normal controls (NCs) were investigated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsPatients with PV and PMF showed an increased MVD (PV: 20.1±10.6; PMF: 25.8±6.5) compared with those with ET or NCs (ET: 10.4±4.6; NCs: 7±3.4). VEGFR-1 expression was increased in Ph- MPNs, particularly in PV and PMF (NCs: 0.07±0.03; ET: 0.15±0.09; PV: 0.31±0.2; PMF: 0.31±0.04). VEGF expression parallelled VEGFR-1 and resulted increased in Ph- MPNs (NCs: 0.08±0.04; ET: 0.13±0.06; PV: 0.29±0.2; PMF: 0.31±0.15) and higher in post-polycythaemic myelofibrosis and in the fibrotic stage of PMF than in the non-fibrotic phases of both diseases. VEGFR-1 protein expression correlated with MVD and VEGF expression in Ph- MPNs. VEGFR-1 and VEGF were expressed by the same bone marrow populations: megakaryocytes, macrophages and immature myeloid precursors showed a moderate to strong immunostaining intensity in both Ph- MPNs and NCs. The erythroid precursors were not immunoreactive.ConclusionsVEGFR-1 and VEGF were increased and co-localised in megakaryocytes, macrophages and myeloid precursors of Ph- MPNs. This finding supports the hypothesis of a VEGF/VEGFR-1 autocrine loop in the neoplastic cells of Ph- MPNs.

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Stromal Vascular Fraction and Platelet-Rich Plasma Upregulate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression to Promote Hair Growth via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters ◽

10.1166/nnl.2019.3057 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1685-1692

Author(s):

Yarui Liu ◽

Jindou Jiang ◽

Yuan Ye ◽

Zhehao Li ◽

Meijun Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Hair Follicle ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽

Follicle Cells ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a hair loss disease. At present, use of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are thought to be the novel, safe, and effective treatment options of AGA, but the mechanism by which SVF and PRP promote hair growth is unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying the effects of SVF and PRP on hair growth by in vitro culture and in vivo modeling. SVF and PRP promoted hair growth, as was evident from the observation and counting of hair on the back skin of nude mice using ImageJ software. SVF and PRP promoted hair growth, and SVF worked better. We performed nucleic acid extraction with nanomagnetic beads, and the protein levels were extracted with a bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit. The results of western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that both SVF and PRP promoted the expression of anti-apoptotic genes. The effect of SVF was better than that of PRP. The results of EdU and hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that SVF and PRP induced the proliferation of hair follicle cells. SVF exerted better effects on the proliferation of hair follicle cells than PRP. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that the expression of the proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin process, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Wnt10b, and β-catenin, significantly increased in the SVF-treated and PRP-treated dermal/epidermal cells as compared with the control cells. Therefore, SVF and PRP increased the expression of VEGF and PDGF through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote hair growth. The effect of SVF on dermal cells/epidermal cells was stronger than that of PRP, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

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