Indigenous Wild Birds of the Nile Delta as Potential West Nile Virus Circulating Reservoirs 1

The survey of wild birds for West Nile virus in PolandTwo thousand one hundred and forty birds belonging to 39 different species from different locations in Poland were examined. The study has taken place from the early spring till late autumn 2007-2010 when the activity of the mosquitoes was the highest. The brain samples were taken from the birds and whole cellular RNA was isolated, then the RT-PCR and NRT-PCR were performed to detect the presence of West Nile virus (WNV). The obtained results were confirmed by the commercial WNV Kit. No genetic material of WNV was found in the examined samples.

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Surveillance on antibodies against West Nile virus, Usutu virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus and Tribeč virus in wild birds in Drienovská wetland, Slovakia

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-019-00211-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

pp. 813-820 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tomáš Csank ◽

Ľuboš Korytár ◽

Terézia Pošiváková ◽

Tamás Bakonyi ◽

Juraj Pistl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Nile Virus ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

West Nile ◽

Usutu Virus ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

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West Nile virus lineage 2 in Sardinian wild birds in 2012: a further threat to public health

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268812003147 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 141 (11) ◽

pp. 2313-2316 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

G. SAVINI ◽

G. PUGGIONI ◽

A. DI GENNARO ◽

G. DI FRANCESCO ◽

A. M. ROCCHIGIANI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

West Nile Virus ◽

Sequence Analysis ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Homologous Sequence ◽

West Nile ◽

Lineage 2 ◽

High Level

SUMMARYWest Nile virus (WNV) strains belonging to lineage 2 were detected and isolated from the tissues of a goshawk and two carrion crows in Sardinia in August 2012. According to NS3 sequence analysis, the Sardinian isolates shared a high level of similarity with those of Italian lineage 2 strains which circulated in 2011 and with the homologous sequence of the 2004 Hungarian isolate. Following the human fatality reported in 2011 in Olbia, this study is the first to report the spread and enzootic circulation of WNV lineage 2 in Sardinia.

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Attempts to detect West Nile virus in wild birds in Poland

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.2011.023 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 405-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jowita Niczyporuk ◽

Elżbieta Samorek-Salamonowicz ◽

Wojciech Kozdruń ◽

Zbigniew Mizak

Keyword(s):

West Nile Virus ◽

Early Spring ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

West Nile ◽

Late Autumn ◽

The Brain

The aim of the study was to attempt the detection of West Nile virus (WNV) in wild birds in Poland. Forty-eight species of 1912 wild birds were used for the investigations. The birds were derived from various locations in Poland from early spring till late autumn of the years 2009–2011. The brain samples were homogenised and cellular RNA was isolated. Two methods (RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR) were used. The presence of WNV RNA was not detected in the samples examined. Additionally, a short analysis of the epizootiological situation regarding the presence of WNV in Poland is presented.

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Epidemiological perspectives on West Nile virus surveillance in wild birds in Great Britain

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026881200177x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 141 (6) ◽

pp. 1134-1142 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

V. A. BRUGMAN ◽

D. L. HORTON ◽

L. P. PHIPPS ◽

N. JOHNSON ◽

A. J. C. COOK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

West Nile Virus ◽

Bird Species ◽

Wild Birds ◽

West Nile ◽

Peak Period ◽

Dead Bird ◽

Virus Surveillance ◽

Vector Activity ◽

Geographical Expansion

SUMMARYWest Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogen with continued geographical expansion in Europe. We present and evaluate data on the temporal, spatial and bird species focus of the WNV surveillance programme in dead wild birds in Great Britain (2002–2009). During this period all bird samples tested negative for WNV. Eighty-two per cent of the 2072 submissions occurred during the peak period of vector activity with 53% tested during April–July before human and equine infection would be expected. Samples were received from every county, but there was significant geographical clustering (nearest neighbour index=0·23, P<0·001). Over 240 species were represented, with surveillance more likely to detect WNV in resident bird species (92% of submissions) than migrants (8%). Evidence indicates that widespread avian mortality is not generally a reported feature of WNV in Europe and hence additional activities other than dead bird surveillance may maximize the ability to detect WNV circulation before the onset of human and equine infections.

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Surveillance for West Nile Virus in Wild Birds from Northern Europe

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases ◽

10.1089/vbz.2009.0028 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 77-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Elsa Jourdain ◽

Björn Olsen ◽

Ake Lundkvist ◽

Zdenek Hubálek ◽

Silvie Šikutová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Nile Virus ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Northern Europe ◽

West Nile

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Occurrence of West Nile Virus Antibodies in Wild Birds, Horses, and Humans in Poland

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/234181 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jowita Samanta Niczyporuk ◽

Elżbieta Samorek-Salamonowicz ◽

Sylvie Lecollinet ◽

Sławomir Andrzej Pancewicz ◽

Wojciech Kozdruń ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Nile Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis ◽

Wild Bird ◽

Horse Serum ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Serum Samples ◽

West Nile ◽

Cross Reactions ◽

Lymphocytic Meningitis ◽

Positive Results

Serum samples of 474 wild birds, 378 horses, and 42 humans with meningitis and lymphocytic meningitis were collected between 2010 and 2014 from different areas of Poland. West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies were detected using competition enzyme linked immunosorbent assays: ELISA-1 ID Screen West Nile Competition, IDvet, ELISA-2 ID Screen West Nile IgM Capture, and ELISA-3 Ingezim West Nile Compac. The antibodies were found in 63 (13.29%) out of 474 wild bird serum samples and in one (0.26%) out of 378 horse serum samples. Fourteen (33.33%) out of 42 sera from patients were positive against WNV antigen and one serum was doubtful. Positive samples obtained in birds were next retested with virus microneutralisation test to confirm positive results and cross-reactions with other antigens of the Japanese encephalitis complex. We suspect that positive serological results in humans, birds, and horses indicate that WNV can be somehow closely related with the ecosystem in Poland.

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