Epidemiological perspectives on West Nile virus surveillance in wild birds in Great Britain

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 1134-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. BRUGMAN ◽  
D. L. HORTON ◽  
L. P. PHIPPS ◽  
N. JOHNSON ◽  
A. J. C. COOK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Dead Bird ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Vector Activity ◽  
Geographical Expansion

SUMMARYWest Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogen with continued geographical expansion in Europe. We present and evaluate data on the temporal, spatial and bird species focus of the WNV surveillance programme in dead wild birds in Great Britain (2002–2009). During this period all bird samples tested negative for WNV. Eighty-two per cent of the 2072 submissions occurred during the peak period of vector activity with 53% tested during April–July before human and equine infection would be expected. Samples were received from every county, but there was significant geographical clustering (nearest neighbour index=0·23, P<0·001). Over 240 species were represented, with surveillance more likely to detect WNV in resident bird species (92% of submissions) than migrants (8%). Evidence indicates that widespread avian mortality is not generally a reported feature of WNV in Europe and hence additional activities other than dead bird surveillance may maximize the ability to detect WNV circulation before the onset of human and equine infections.

A Snapshot Avian Surveillance Reveals West Nile Virus and Evidence of Wild Birds Participating in Toscana Virus Circulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 698-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabri Hacioglu ◽  
Ender Dincer ◽  
Cafer Tayer Isler ◽  
Zeynep Karapinar ◽  
Veysel Soydal Ataseven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
West Nile

The survey of wild birds for West Nile virus in Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Niczyporuk ◽  
E. Samorek-Salamonowicz ◽  
W. Kozdruń ◽  
Z. Mizak
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
The Brain

The survey of wild birds for West Nile virus in PolandTwo thousand one hundred and forty birds belonging to 39 different species from different locations in Poland were examined. The study has taken place from the early spring till late autumn 2007-2010 when the activity of the mosquitoes was the highest. The brain samples were taken from the birds and whole cellular RNA was isolated, then the RT-PCR and NRT-PCR were performed to detect the presence of West Nile virus (WNV). The obtained results were confirmed by the commercial WNV Kit. No genetic material of WNV was found in the examined samples.

Surveillance on antibodies against West Nile virus, Usutu virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus and Tribeč virus in wild birds in Drienovská wetland, Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Csank ◽  
Ľuboš Korytár ◽  
Terézia Pošiváková ◽  
Tamás Bakonyi ◽  
Juraj Pistl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

scholarly journals One Health approach for West Nile virus surveillance in the European Union: relevance of equine data for blood safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna J Young ◽  
Denis Coulombier ◽  
Dragoslav Domanović ◽  
Hervé Zeller ◽  
Céline M Gossner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Human Case ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Blood Safety ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

West Nile virus (WNV) infection is notifiable in humans and equids in the European Union (EU). An area where a human case is detected is considered affected until the end of the mosquito transmission season (week 48) and blood safety measures have to be implemented. We used human and equine case notifications between 2013 and 2017 to define the WNV distribution in the EU and to investigate the relevance of using equine cases as a complementary trigger for blood safety measures. Adding areas with equine cases to the definition of an affected area would have a major impact on blood safety measures. Adding areas with equine cases where human cases have been reported in the past would increase the timeliness of blood safety measures with only a limited impact. Although the occurrence of human and/or equine cases confirms virus circulation in the EU, no evidence was found that occurrence of equine cases leads to human cases and vice versa. We conclude that information about equine data should contribute to raising awareness among public health experts and trigger enhanced surveillance. Further studies are required before extending the definition of affected areas to areas with human and/or equine cases.

West Nile virus lineage 2 in Sardinian wild birds in 2012: a further threat to public health

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 2313-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. SAVINI ◽  
G. PUGGIONI ◽  
A. DI GENNARO ◽  
G. DI FRANCESCO ◽  
A. M. ROCCHIGIANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Homologous Sequence ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYWest Nile virus (WNV) strains belonging to lineage 2 were detected and isolated from the tissues of a goshawk and two carrion crows in Sardinia in August 2012. According to NS3 sequence analysis, the Sardinian isolates shared a high level of similarity with those of Italian lineage 2 strains which circulated in 2011 and with the homologous sequence of the 2004 Hungarian isolate. Following the human fatality reported in 2011 in Olbia, this study is the first to report the spread and enzootic circulation of WNV lineage 2 in Sardinia.

Using Volunteered Geographic Information to Assess the Spatial Distribution of West Nile Virus in Detroit, Michigan

2013 ◽  
pp. 1170-1182
Author(s):  
Kevin P. McKnight ◽  
Joseph P. Messina ◽  
Ashton M. Shortridge ◽  
Meghan D. Burns ◽  
Bruce W. Pigozzi
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Hotspot Detection ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Dead Bird ◽  
Global And Local

West Nile Virus is a vector-borne flavivirus that affects mainly birds, horses, and humans. The disease emerged in the United States in 1999 and by 2001 had reached Michigan. In clinical human cases, the most common symptoms are fever, weakness, nausea, headache, and changes in mental state. The crow is the most common wildlife host in the life cycle of the virus. The state of Michigan, through the Michigan Department of Community Health, collected the spatial locations of over 8,000 dead birds (Corvidae), statewide, during 2002. The large number of samples made spatial and temporal hotspot detection possible. However, the volunteer reporting method produced a dataset with a direct correlation between the numbers and locations of the dead birds and human population density and accurately identifying hotspots remains a challenge. Geographic variation in dead bird intensity was modeled using both global and local spatial clustering algorithms. Statistical models identified overall spatial structure and local clustering. Identification of hotspots was confounded by limited information about the collection procedures, data availability and quality, and the limitations of each method.

scholarly journals Importance of Multidisciplinary and Regional Collaboration in Integrated West Nile Virus Surveillance - the „One Health” Concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Vilibić-Čavlek ◽  
Dejan Vidanović ◽  
Ljubo Barbić ◽  
Pavle Jeličić ◽  
Sava Lazić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
One Health ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Regional Collaboration ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One

West Nile virus (WNV) danas je jedan od najrasprostranjenijih arbovirusa. U posljednja se dva desetljeća WNV infekcije kontinuirano pojavljuju na području Europe u obliku manjih ili većih epidemija i epizootija. U ovom preglednom radu prikazujemo epidemiološke značajke WNV infekcija koje su dokazane na području Hrvatske i Srbije u kontekstu “Jednog zdravlja”. Prikazani rezultati potvrđuju značaj multidisciplinarne i regionalne suradnje u dijagnostici i praćenju ove (re-)emergentne virusne zoonoze.

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