Plant-derived alkaloids acting on dengue virus and their vectors: from chemistry to pharmacology

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection, with its prevention and control depending on effective vector control measures. At present, dengue virus (DENV) is an epidemic in more than 100 countries of Southeast Asia, Africa, Eastern Mediterranean, the Americas and the Western Pacific. Several alkaloids isolated from natural herbs can serve as a reservoir for antiDENV drug development. Traditionally, plant extracts rich in alkaloids are used for the treatment of fever and have also revealed antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacteria, fungi and virus. The present narrative review collates the literature-based scenario of alkaloids and derivatives acting on DENV. The mechanism of action of such alkaloids with antiDENV and vector activity is also discussed.

Popularization of M. Fedoriv’s creativity by modern leaders of the music culture diaspora in Canada

The purpose of the article is an esthetic and cultural analysis of art by M. Fedoriv in the projection of performing practice the contemporary figures of musical culture in the diaspora. Methodology. To achieve the set objective was used comparative-historical, culturological, axiological theoretical and methodological approaches, also biographical and art history methods of scientific knowledge, which directed on the disclosure of the immanent features of investigated products of the creative activity of the personalities in this scientific research; determining the significance of M. Fedoriv’s in the context of the development of Ukrainian musical culture of the 20th century. The scientific novelty of the work consists in applying cultural products of the music industry (gramophone record, CDs), as elements in the source base of research in methodology comparative analysis performance-conducting interpretation of the musical heritage of the composer in the context into the professional activity of Canadian musicians. Conclusions. M. Fedoriv is a representative of the highly professional musicians from the diaspora, which multi-vector activity is marked by the upturn of the basic form of cultural identification. In order to convey the historical authenticity of the national musical tradition of liturgical singing, he researched and published church-religious tunes of the practice of worship in Ukraine, which stoped the total simplification in the performance of canonical chants in the churches of the diaspora. Reaching our time, the popularization of M. Fedoriv's work was possible thanks to the performance and production work of M. Maksymiv and R. Hurko. Thus, in except to the rotation of the digitized album «Jerusalem Matins» by M. Fedoriv on the air of foreign radio broadcasters: CBC (Canada), BBC Radio 3 (Great Britain), M. Maksimiv succeeded to reissue the CD recording of the Liturgy twice and distribute it on social network platforms. However, the precedent of reviving the process of integrating the composer's heritage into the modern media space is the activity of R. Hurko. However, the precedent of reviving the process of integrating the composer's heritage into the modern media space is the activity of R. Hurko. Under his record label CARO Productions, the artist places the audio content produced by him, the same Liturgy on Youtube, and in the form of a tracklist of a music album on commercial services (Apple Music, Deezer, Spotify). Thus, the planes of the personal activity of M. Maksymov and R. Gurko became an example of representation of dominant features of the nation's cultural genome between different generations of Ukrainians, and M. Fedoriv's work is available to its target audience beyond temporal and any territorial borders.

Suggested Absence of Horizontal Transfer of Retrotransposons between Humans and Domestic Mammal Species

Transposable element sequences are usually vertically inherited but have also spread across taxa via horizontal transfer. Previous investigations of ancient horizontal transfer of transposons have compared consensus sequences, but this method resists detection of recent single or low copy number transfer events. The relationship between humans and domesticated animals represents an opportunity for potential horizontal transfer due to the consistent shared proximity and exposure to parasitic insects, which have been identified as plausible transfer vectors. The relatively short period of extended human–animal contact (tens of thousands of years or less) makes horizontal transfer of transposons between them unlikely. However, the availability of high-quality reference genomes allows individual element comparisons to detect low copy number events. Using pairwise all-versus-all megablast searches of the complete suite of retrotransposons of thirteen domestic animals against human, we searched a total of 27,949,823 individual TEs. Based on manual comparisons of stringently filtered BLAST search results for evidence of vertical inheritance, no plausible instances of HTT were identified. These results indicate that significant recent HTT between humans and domesticated animals has not occurred despite the close proximity, either due to the short timescale, inhospitable recipient genomes, a failure of vector activity, or other factors.

The BGS candidate models for IGRF-13 with a retrospective analysis of IGRF-12 secular variation forecasts

The three candidate models submitted by the British Geological Survey for the 13th generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field are described. These DGRF and IGRF models are derived from vector and scalar magnetic field data from the European Space Agency Swarm satellites and ground observatories, covering the period 2013.9 to 2019.7. The internal field model has time dependence for degrees 1 to 15, represented by order 6 B-splines with knots at six monthly intervals. We also solve for a degree 1 external field time dependence describing annual and semi-annual signals with additional dependence on a bespoke Vector Magnetic Disturbance index. Satellite data are weighted by spatial density, along-track standard deviations, and a larger-scale noise estimator defined in terms of a measure of Local Area Vector Activity at the geographically closest magnetic observatories to the sampled datum. Forecasting of the magnetic field secular variation for 2020–2025 is by advection of the main field using steady core surface flows with steady acceleration applied. We also investigate the performance of the previous generation of candidate secular variation models, for IGRF-12, analysing the agreement of the candidates between 2015 and 2020 with the retrospective IGRF-13. We find that there is no clear distinction between the performance of mathematically and physically extrapolated forecasts in the period 2015–2020. We confirm that the methodology for the BGS IGRF-12 predictions performed well, despite observed secular accelerations that are highlighted by our analysis, and thus justify the methodology used for our IGRF-13 SV candidate.

Multi-vector activity in the introduction of integrated administration of environmentally safe nature resources use

The purpose of the article is to build a multi-vector structure of integrated governing of environmentally safe nature resources use according to the principles of a circular economy approach. Based on the the method of mode indicators and the method of fuzzy logic, the index of environmental safety of nature management has been determined. The interpretation of the essence of integrated administration of environmentally safe nature management is given. The organizational and economic mechanism and its implementation has been displayed. The mechanism of integral management as a set of appropriate measures is considered. A multi-vectoral structure is built, which provides for the formation of a system of mechanisms with adequate levers and tools. The providing, adaptive, functional, effective-target subsystem is characterized. The indicators of environmental, economic and social efficiency are determined, which are targeted guidelines when implementing integrated management. The requirements of a systematic approach for a comprehensive implementation of integrated management of natural resource potential are taken into account.

Student civil activism: Risk of destructive manifestations in the Volga Region

The article presents the results of the regional sociological study of the student youth civil activism and predicts the development of its destructive manifestations in the Volga Region. Civil activity is an integral component of renewal and social development, which is based on the multi-format and multi-vector activity of young people who strive for social transformations here and now. For some young people, activism became a kind of employment in offline and online formats. In some cases, destructive (even delinquent) civil activism of the youth is a response to an unfair, unlawful action or attitude, primarily of the authorities. Based on the theoretical ideas of structural functionalism, conflictological and interpretive approaches, the article reveals peculiarities of the youth activism in the Volga Region and presents their interpretation. The expert survey allowed to identify relationships between social injustice and civil activity. The authors also identified active dissemination of radical ideas at the grassroots level of everyday life, within everyday forms of interaction and under the decrease in public civil activity, which determines latent conflicts between the population and the government. The risk of an increase in social destructiveness is determined by the crisis of expectations of changes, unsolved social-economic problems, renaissance of socialist ideas that become popular among the youth, and an increase in the number of nonresident and especially foreign students. The student civil activity in the Volga Region focuses on the most pressing challenges at the federal and local levels. Sanctions against students participating in rallies and protest groups in social networks only stimulate the youths interest in protest activities. The region needs a youth policy responsive to the needs and demands of the youth and capable of creating a multi-format space for positive youth activism.

THE EPISTOLARY SPIRITUAL DIMENSIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA ARTISTS

The purpose of the section is to outline the spiritual dimensions of the epistolary of the Ukrainian diaspora artists and, in particular, one of its leading representatives – Pavlo Matsenko (1897–1991), who with his various activities made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian musical culture. Pavlo Matsenko’s multi-vector activity covers a wide field of activity in various directions: teacher, conductor, musicologist, composer, organizer of the musical and cultural life of the Ukrainian community in exile, editor, publicist. From a wide range of its addressees (more than 200), correspondence with Metropolitan Hilarion (Ivan Ohienko), choral conductors Oleksandr Koshyts and Myroslav Antonovych, composer Stanislav Lyudkevych, and singer Yosyp Hoshuliak was chosen for analysis. These are close to Matsenko personalities in spirit, whose interests coincided with his own. The main area of interest in these letters is the study of Ukrainian church music, as well as choral performance, concert activities, work with bands. Another area of correspondence is a discussion of folk songs origin and its significance for church singing, as well as the peculiarities of performing folk songs. As a result of the study, taking into account the study of epistological materials as source material, three stages of the process are identified – contextual, attributive, actualization, as well as components of spiritual dimensions of Pavlo Matsenko’s epistolary: emotional-motivational, moral-ideological, cognitive-axiological, activity-creative. The rich epistolary heritage of the artist allows to better understand certain events of his life, to fill gaps in scientific research on communication with other artists and to characterize certain features of his personality. Letters are an integral aspect of source studies, on the basis of which the image of Pavlo Matsenko as a spiritual person is created.

BIOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF REDUCTION OF Y-VIRUS REINFECTION DURING REPRODUCTION OF SEED POTATO WITH A LOW DEGREE OF INFECTION

The studies were carried out with the aim of biological substantiation of a decrease in Y-virus reinfection during the reproduction of seed potatoes with a low degree of infection. The experiments were carried out in 2001-2006 in Laishevskiy district of the Republic of Tatarstan. In 2001-2003 and 2002-2004 the total vector activity of aphids for three years was 393 and 310 equivalent units, respectively, the degree of infestation at the final stage reached 45.8 and 20.8%. In 2003-2005 and 2004-2006 the total vector activity of aphids for three years was higher than in previous cycles by 2.0 ... 2.5 times (785 and 610 equivalent units, respectively), but the degree of infestation at the final stage was only 4.1% and 1, 7%. For the first time, a calculation formula was obtained and the distances between diseased potato plants were specified, depending on the degree of contamination of the seed material. With a planting density of 55 thousand plants/ha, the formula takes the following form: , where у is the distance between infected plants, meter; х is the degree of infection with the virus (х > 0), %. The relationship between the degree of planting infestation and the distance between diseased plants is inversely proportional, graphically it is a hyperbole. The dynamics of changes in the distance between infected plants was traced with a decrease in infection from 100% to close to zero values. It was revealed that the 1% level of infection is critical. With an increase in infestation from 1 to 100%, the distance between diseased plants decreases from 4.26 to 0.42 m, which is a small distance for winged aphids to overcome. A decrease in infestation from 1% to close to zero value may lead to an increase in the distance between diseased plants from 4.26 m to theoretically infinite. Seed material, with close to zero infection, is safe to reproduce for a long time without the risk of rapid reinfection, due to the significant distance for vectors between sources of infection and a decrease in the participation of most aphids in the transmission of viruses. The results obtained formed the basis for the potato seed-growing system and the technology for protecting seed potatoes from reinfection with the Y-virus in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan

The diversity of Anopheles blood feeding patterns suggests different malaria protection strategies in different localities

Background: Malaria is a significant health burden for many countries worldwide. Insecticide-treated bed nets and mosquito repellent are considered effective methods for preventing Anopheles bites. However, changes in the biological properties of the vector have led to a reduction in their effectiveness. The vector has been studied, but the behaviour has been poorly examined. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the importance of primary vector activity for selecting an appropriate malaria protection strategy. Methods: Initially, active case detection (ACD) was carried out in western and eastern parts of Indonesia, Jambi and Sumba, to confirm their endemicity level. According to the 2016 national health report of Indonesia, Jambi has an annual parasite index (API) of 0.14 and Sumba has an API of 5.41. A series of entomological observations were carried out to compare the biting activity of Anopheles vectors in two localities, with a total of 216 houses and 216 catchers (108 at each study site). Results: The results indicated that endemicity at the sub-district level is higher than that at the provincial level. Only Anopheles balabacensi was found to be exophagic. Multiple comparisons found different biting times between the sites, suggesting that early evening (18.00-20.00) is most likely to be the time when mosquitoes transmit the Plasmodium parasite in Jambi, while during sleeping hours (21.00-01.00) is the peak biting time of Anopheles mosquitoes in Sumba. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the importance of Anopheles species blood feeding patterns in selecting an appropriate malaria protection strategy.

REINFECTION OF Y-VIRUS ON SEED POTATO IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA

The studies were carried out to identify the relationship between the vector activity of aphids and the intensity of Y-virus reinfection on seed potatoes. The growth rate of viral infection was assessed using the reinfection coefficient, which is the ratio between the rates of infection at the end and beginning of the growing season. The vector activity of aphids was determined for the entire growing season, taking into account the severity coefficients for different aphid species. The critical threshold for the vector activity of aphids was considered to be the abundance level equivalent to 50 specimens of the peach aphid. With the vector activity of aphids at the level of the critical threshold (1 CT), the coefficient of reinfection PVY of Nevskiy variety was at the level of 1. When it increased to 2.6 times the critical threshold, a 3.8… 4.8-fold increase in the coefficient of reinfection occurred. With a further increase in the vector activity of aphids to 4.3 and 10.5 critical threshold, it remained at the same level. The inhibition of the growth of critical threshold is explained by the fact that the Y-virus, as not persistent, remains in the carrier for a short time and therefore is transmitted to the same nearby surrounding plants. The accumulation of viral infection in the early stages of reproduction of the original and original material can occur latently, which is associated with a limited number of samples taken for analysis (200 ... 250 plants or tubers) and, accordingly, a low probability of detecting the degree of infection less than 0.5%. According to the results of calculations during the reproduction of seed with a reinfection coefficient of 4 and reaching the first reproduction with an infestation of 10%, the safe level of infestation of PVY in greenhouse minitubers should not exceed 0.01%, in the first field generation - 0.04%, in the super-super-elite - 0 , 15%, among the super elite - 0.6%, the elite - 2.5%