SHORT REPORT: DISTRIBUTION AND FEEDING PREFERENCE OF THE SAND FLIES PHLEBOTOMUS SERGENTI AND P. PAPATASI IN A CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS FOCUS IN SANLIURFA, TURKEY

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious disease caused by various species ofLeishmaniaand transmitted by several species of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). In order to evaluate the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in Fes-Boulemane, an investigation was carried out in two localities, Aichoun and Bouasseme, during 2011. From January to December, 1120 specimens were collected in Aichoun comprising six species belonging to two genera:Phlebotomus sergenti(76.07%),Phlebotomus longicuspis(9.01%),Phlebotomus perniciosus(8.48%),Phlebotomus papatasi(4.82%),Sergentomyia minuta,andSergentomyia fallax. For Bouasseme, seven species were identified withPhlebotomus sergenti(60.39%) dominating, followed byPhlebotomus perniciosus(20%) andPhlebotomus longicuspis(12.15%). The remaining species,Phlebotomus papatasi,Phlebotomus ariasi,Sergentomyia minuta,andSergentomyia fallax,were less prevalent. The activity of sand flies in both localities is marked by the dominance ofPh. sergentiwith two peaks occurring in June and September. In order to obtain a better understanding of sand fly diversity among their species, results were analyzed by the ecological indices determinant: specific richness, the relative abundance, and Shannon-Weiner index (H′). Further studies of sand fly diversity should employ statistical tests and molecular analyses. This study can be useful in the implementation of appropriate future control measures.

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Distribution and Bionomic of Sand Flies in Five Ecologically Different Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Foci in Morocco

ISRN Epidemiology ◽

10.5402/2013/145031 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Chafika Faraj ◽

El Bachir Adlaoui ◽

Souad Ouahabi ◽

Mohamed El Kohli ◽

Mohamed El Rhazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Leishmania Infantum ◽

High Potential ◽

Activity Period ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomus Sergenti ◽

Risk Areas ◽

Large Distribution

Cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases are endemic in Morocco. Their geographical distribution is well known. It has been related to bioclimatic factors. However, in 2008, two new cutaneous leishmaniasis foci appeared out of the known risk areas. Hence, we have undertaken this entomological survey in five foci situated in different bioclimatic areas to better understand the distribution and the epidemiology of this disease. Results of this study, undertaken during 2011, showed the predominance of Phlebotomus sergenti (55.8%) followed by Ph. perniciosus (12.9%), Ph. longicuspis (12.3%), and Ph. papatasi (12.0%). Ph. sergenti was active during 6 months in subhumid area and 8 months in arid, semiarid, and Saharan areas. Compared to previous studies, our results show a rise in Ph. sergenti abundance and an extension of its activity period. These results could explain the increase in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in Morocco and its extension to new nonendemic regions. Ph. perniciosus and Ph. longicuspis have also displayed a large distribution and a long activity period indicating a high potential risk of Leishmania infantum transmission in the studied areas.

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Protection Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Resulting from Bites of Uninfected Sand Flies

Science ◽

10.1126/science.290.5495.1351 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 290 (5495) ◽

pp. 1351-1354 ◽

Cited By ~ 242

Author(s):

S. Kamhawi

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Sand Flies

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Phlebotomine sand flies and Leishmania species in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Algeria

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0008024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. e0008024

Author(s):

Roumaissa Gherbi ◽

Mustapha Bounechada ◽

Maria Stefania Latrofa ◽

Giada Annoscia ◽

Viviana Domenica Tarallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Leishmania Species ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies

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Relationship Between the Distribution and Biodiversity of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) With the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Endemic Foci of Golestan Province, Iran

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 1768-1774

Author(s):

Aioub Sofizadeh ◽

Kamran Akbarzadeh ◽

Ehsan Allah Kalteh ◽

Fatemeh Karimi

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽

Light Traps ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Golestan Province ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is prevalent in Golestan Province, Iran. The current study determined the relationship between the distribution and biodiversity of sand flies with cutaneous leishmaniasis at 14 villages in plain and hillsides areas. In each village from July to September 2017, 60 sticky traps and 2 CDC light traps were laid. Spearman and Mann–Whitney tests were used to determine the relationship between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of different species of sand flies. Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Evenness, and Margalef indices were calculated to estimate the diversity of species. A total of 5,295 phlebotomine sand flies were collected, comprising 10 species of the genus Phlebotomus (3,947 flies) and 7 species of genus Sergentomyia (1,248 flies). The abundance of sand flies and incidence of ZCL in plain areas were greater than that of hillsides areas (P = 0.013, P = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of Phlebotomus papatasi (r = 0.72, P = 0.004) and P. caucasicus groups (P = 0.006; 0.022). In the Shannon-Wiener index, the rest of the biodiversity indices were reduced in higher-altitude areas. Increasing Shannon-Wiener index showed higher diversity of sand flies in higher-altitude areas. Data of the reported cases of leishmaniasis in plain areas can reveal the relationship between less diversity index (Shannon-Wiener), higher dominant diversity index (Simpson), and incidence of leishmaniasis in these areas.

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Spatial distribution of phlebotomine sand flies in the Aydin Mountains and surroundings: the main focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in western Turkey

Journal of Vector Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00118.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. S99-S105 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Yusuf Özbel ◽

I. Cüneyt Balcioğlu ◽

M. Kirami Ölgen ◽

Fatih M. Şimsek ◽

Seray Özensoy Töz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Western Turkey ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies

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Leishmaniasis in Central Morocco: Seasonal Fluctuations of Phlebotomine Sand Fly in Aichoun Locality, from Sefrou Province

Pathology Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/438749 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Fatima Zahra Talbi ◽

Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami ◽

Abdellatif Janati Idrissi ◽

Faiza Sebti ◽

Chafika Faraj

Keyword(s):

Potential Risk ◽

Human Population ◽

Bimodal Distribution ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Seasonal Fluctuations ◽

Predominant Species ◽

Spatiotemporal Trends ◽

Phlebotomus Sergenti ◽

Second Peak

Cutaneous leishmaniases (CL) are endemic in Morocco. They are common in the human population in different localities such as Aichoun in Sefrou province, Morocco. This study was carried out in Aichoun locality from April to October 2012 in order to study the spatiotemporal trends of the main Leishmania phlebotomine vectors in this focus. Overall, 1171 sand flies, belonging to four species, were collected by sticky traps. Phlebotomus sergenti was the predominant species (78.4%) followed by Ph. perniciosus (10.5%), Ph. papatasi (7.94%), and Ph. longicuspis (3.16%). Sandflies were active during 6 months (May–October). Ph. sergenti, Ph. perniciosus, and Ph. papatasi displayed a bimodal distribution with a first peak in July and a second peak in September, while Ph. longicuspis showed a monophasic trend with a peak in August. The high abundance and the lengthy period of activity of Ph. sergenti and Ph. perniciosus, vectors of L. tropica and L. infantum, respectively, are a cause for concern as they indicate the high potential risk of Leishmania transmission in the studied areas.

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