Tire Modeling for Off-Road Vehicle Simulation

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Ying Liang ◽  
R. Wade Allen ◽  
Theodore J. Rosenthal ◽  
Jeffrey P. Chrstos ◽  
Patrick Nunez
Keyword(s):  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Tire Modeling

A Three-Dimensional Dynamic Tire Model for Vehicle Dynamic Simulations

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Modeling Concept ◽  
Tire Modeling ◽  
Tire Models ◽  
Force Calculation

Abstract Traditional multibody dynamic (MBD) tire models concentrate on the tire patch force development and the tire in-plane characteristics. The tire lateral dynamics and nonlinear effects caused by the tire compliances during rough terrain driving and severe maneuvers are mostly neglected in vehicle analytical simulations. The tire finite element models, though capable of dealing with these phenomena, are basically not designed for quick vehicle dynamic evaluations. A simple three-dimensional (3-D) MBD tire model for full vehicle performance and maneuvering simulations over various road surfaces is therefore desirable for the ever expanding analysis capabilities and the improved accuracy of the computer-aided vehicle design analysis. In this paper a tire modeling concept to extend the in-plane dynamic tire model to full 3-D tire dynamics is proposed. Essentially, this tire model divides the traditional tire/wheel system model into three elements: two rigid bodies representing the wheel mass/inertia and the tire tread mass/inertia, and a spring/damper representing the sidewall visco-elasticity. Thus, 6 degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) are added for each tire over traditional tire models. Using any existing tire patch force calculation model, this proposed model can be used to simulate full 3-D dynamic responses of a vehicle. To implement this model, techniques to extract the nonlinear spring rates of the sidewalls and to enhance the tire patch force calculations over uneven terrains are explained in this paper. Results of the vehicle simulation using this tire model were compared with measured field data. They showed that this tire modeling concept yields a practical representation for tire 3-D nonlinear dynamic characteristics.

ROAD VEHICLE SIMULATION MODEL FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PETRODIESEL AND BIODIESEL

Clean Air ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-357
Author(s):  
J. T. Bravo ◽  
C. M. Silva ◽  
T. L. Farias
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Simulation

scholarly journals Optimizing Gear Shifting Strategy for Off-Road Vehicle with Dynamic Programming

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Zhao ◽  
Wenming Zhang ◽  
Yali Feng ◽  
Yaodong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Trip Time ◽  
Road Profile ◽  
Shifting Strategy

Gear shifting strategy of vehicle is important aid for the acquisition of dynamic performance and high economy. A dynamic programming (DP) algorithm is used to optimize the gear shifting schedule for off-road vehicle by using an objective function that weighs fuel use and trip time. The optimization is accomplished through discrete dynamic programming and a trade-off between trip time and fuel consumption is analyzed. By using concave and convex surface road as road profile, an optimal gear shifting strategy is used to control the longitudinal behavior of the vehicle. Simulation results show that the trip time can be reduced by powerful gear shifting strategy and fuel consumption can achieve high economy with economical gear shifting strategy in different initial conditions and route cases.

Advanced numerical techniques for hi-fidelity on- and off-road vehicle simulation

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Solis ◽  
Edward Haug ◽  
Siddhartha Shome
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Techniques ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Simulation

The Applicability of Hybrid Control to a Small Off-Road Vehicle Without a Differential

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anria Strydom ◽  
P. Schalk Els
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Hybrid Control ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Passive Damping ◽  
Test Vehicle ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Simulation

The use of controllable semi-active damping is considered by the vehicle dynamics community to be a cost effective and fail-safe method to reduce the ride comfort and handling tradeoff of a vehicle. This paper investigates the semi-active control of a suspension system for a 4-wheeled single seated off-road vehicle for both ride comfort and handling. The test vehicle is distinct with several characteristics that are not commonly observed on normal vehicles or addressed in existing literature. For instance, the absence of a differential in the driveline causes drivability and handling issues that are aggravated by increased damping. The suspension system contains controllable dampers and passive hydro-pneumatic spring-damper units. Passive damping is not entirely eliminated from the suspension, but the effect of various passive damping factors on the performance of the suspension is also investigated. Skyhook and groundhook control is implemented on a nonlinear, three-dimensional, 12 degrees of freedom simulation model to determine the achievable improvement in ride comfort and handling ability of the test vehicle. Simulation results show that reduced passive damping is capable of improving both the ride comfort and maneuverability of the test vehicle.

Terrain Gridding Using a Stochastic Weighting Function

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Ma ◽  
John B. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Weighting Function ◽  
Grid Node ◽  
Vehicle Modeling ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Median Distance ◽  
Tire Modeling ◽  
Grid Nodes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Inverse Distance ◽  
Vertical Height

The development of new stochastic terrain gridding methods are necessitated by new tire and vehicle modeling applications. Currently, grid node locations in the horizontal plane are assumed to be known and only the uncertainty in the vertical height estimates is modeled. This work modifies the current practice of weighting the importance of a particular measured data point (the terrain height at some horizontal location) by the inverse distance between the grid node and that point. A new weighting function is developed to account for the error in the horizontal position of the grid nodes. The geometry of the problem is described and the probability distribution is developed in steps. Although the solution cannot be determined in closed form, an estimate of the median distance is developed within 1% error. This more complete stochastic definition of the terrain can then be used for advanced tire modeling and vehicle simulation.

Analysis of cornering response and stability of electrified heavy commercial road vehicles with regenerative braking

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 1672-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesavan Valis Subramaniyam ◽  
Shankar C Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Brake Force ◽  
Brake Force Distribution

Additional powertrain components and regenerative braking are two important factors that may affect the performance and stability of electrified vehicle cornering. The location of additional components affects the vehicle’s center of gravity (CG) position and thereby the stability of the vehicle. As regenerative braking is possible only on driven wheels, the brake force distribution between front and rear wheels may not follow the ideal brake force distribution curve. Hence, applying maximum regenerative braking during cornering may affect vehicle stability, and this has motivated the analysis presented in this paper. The scope of this research work includes obtaining a model for the regenerative brake system, which was then used to analyze the heavy commercial road vehicle lateral dynamic response during combined cornering and regenerative braking. A sensitivity study was carried out regarding variations in center of gravity, longitudinal speed, and tire–road traction coefficient [Formula: see text]. The IPG TruckMaker® vehicle simulation software running in a hardware-in-loop experimental system was used to study the heavy road vehicle cornering performance. The results showed that applying braking on a constant radius path required correction in the steering input to follow the desired path. However, the amount of steering correction required during regenerative braking was higher than that with conventional friction braking. Moreover, applying maximum regenerative braking at higher longitudinal speeds on snowy roads and split- µ roads has a higher impact on vehicle cornering performance compared with that on dry roads. Furthermore, a co-operative braking strategy with an optimum brake force sharing between regenerative braking and friction braking was developed to improve the electrified heavy commercial road vehicle’s cornering stability and handling performance during cornering and braking.

Discussion on “Dynamos for motor road vehicle lighting”

1912 ◽  
Vol 48 (213) ◽  
pp. 763-767
Author(s):  
L. Murphy ◽  
S.P. Smith ◽  
R.V.C. Brook ◽  
R.G. Porte ◽  
M.A.E.L Moharram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Vehicle

Relationship between On-Road Vehicle Emissions and Gear Switching

ICTE 2011 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kairan Zhang ◽  
Haibo Chen ◽  
Guofang Li ◽  
Zhihui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Road Vehicle
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