Catalyzed Gasoline Particulate Filter (GPF) Performance: Effect of Driving Cycle, Fuel, Catalyst Coating

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzheng Xia ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Xiaokun He ◽  
Dongxia Yang ◽  
Huifang Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Catalyst Coating ◽  
Gasoline Particulate Filter

A Unique Application of Gasoline Particulate Filter Pressure Sensing Diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanth Reddy Dadam ◽  
Michiel Van Nieuwstadt ◽  
Allen Lehmen ◽  
Vinod Kumar Ravi ◽  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Gasoline Particulate Filter ◽  
Unique Application

Severe Soot Oxidations in Gasoline Particulate Filter Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Boger ◽  
Dominik Rose ◽  
Per Nicolin ◽  
Bertrand Coulet ◽  
Anastasiia Bachurina
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Gasoline Particulate Filter

Performance enhancement of equilibrium regeneration in a gasoline particulate filter based on field synergy theory

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122701
Author(s):  
Xinning Zhu ◽  
Qingsong Zuo ◽  
Yuanyou Tan ◽  
Yong Xie ◽  
Zhuang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Field Synergy ◽  
Gasoline Particulate Filter

Filtration efficiency and pressure drop modelling of particulate filters with rear plug damage

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742091667
Author(s):  
Onoufrios Haralampous ◽  
Marios Mastrokalos ◽  
Fotini Tzorbatzoglou ◽  
Chris Dritselis
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Ceramic Filter ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Particulate Filters ◽  
Pressure Loss Coefficient ◽  
Particulate Mass

A model suitable for wall-flow particulate filters with partial rear plug damage is developed and experimentally validated in this work. A ceramic filter with 16% of the rear plugs mechanically removed is tested at steady-state conditions on the engine bench and transient driving cycle conditions on the chassis dynamometer. After decanning of the monolith, destructive analysis is conducted to identify deposit loading variations and scanning electron microscopy is used to study the deposit structures in the channels. It is shown that channels without rear plugs develop distinct deposit structures in the entry zone. Hence, a local pressure loss coefficient is applied to model the effect of entrance flow constrictions, taking also into account deposit restructuring phenomena at higher flow rates. In addition, a deep-bed filtration submodel is used to capture the effect of non-uniform wall velocities on deposit accumulation in the wall. The modified model is first fitted to the engine bench data and then validated in a wider range of conditions using the driving cycle tests. With the exception of prolonged steady-state loading conditions, good pressure drop and filtration efficiency predictions are obtained throughout the tests in conjunction with correct deposit property profiles. Notably, the cold-start worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle shows that the current European on-board diagnosis threshold limit for particulate mass is too relaxed to trigger a malfunction indication for moderate filter faults. In conclusion, the model can be applied in damaged particulate filter studies for the assessment of leaked particulate mass, the specification of more effective legislation limits and the development of rigorous on-board diagnosis systems and algorithms.

Influence of Fuel Properties on GDI PM Emissions Over First 200 Seconds of WLTP Using an Engine Dynamometer and Novel “Virtual Drivetrain” Software

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah R. Bock ◽  
William F. Northrop
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Vehicle Acceleration ◽  
Soot Loading

Abstract The influence of fuel properties on particulate matter (PM) emissions from a catalytic gasoline particulate filter (GPF) equipped gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine were investigated using novel “virtual drivetrain” software and an engine mated to an engine dynamometer. The virtual drivetrain software was developed in LabVIEW to operate the engine on an engine dynamometer as if it were in a vehicle undergoing a driving cycle. The software uses a physics-based approach to determine vehicle acceleration and speed based on engine load and a programed “shift” schedule to control engine speed. The software uses a control algorithm to modulate engine load and braking to match a calculated vehicle speed with the prescribed speed trace of the driving cycle of choice. The first 200 seconds of the WLTP driving cycle was tested using 6 different fuel formulations of varying volatility, aromaticity, and ethanol concentration. The first 200 seconds of the WLTP was chosen as the test condition because it is the most problematic section of the driving cycle for controlling PM emissions due to the cold start and cold drive-off. It was found that there was a strong correlation between aromaticity of the fuel and the engine-out PM emissions, with the highest emitting fuel producing more than double the mass emissions of the low PM production fuel. However, the post-GPF PM emissions depended greatly on the soot loading state of the GPF. The fuel with the highest engine-out PM emissions produced comparable post-GPF emissions to the lowest PM producing fuel over the driving cycle when the GPF was loaded over three cycles with the respective fuels. These results demonstrate the importance of GPF loading state when aftertreatment systems are used for PM reduction. It also shows that GPF control may be more important than fuel properties, and that regulatory compliance for PM can be achieved with proper GPF control calibration irrespective of fuel type.

scholarly journals Nanostructured Equimolar Ceria-Praseodymia for Total Oxidations in Low-O2 Conditions

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Sartoretti ◽  
Fabio Martini ◽  
Marco Piumetti ◽  
Samir Bensaid ◽  
Nunzio Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Gasoline Particulate Filter ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Temperature Programmed

A Gasoline Particulate Filter (GPF) can be an effective solution to abate the particulate matter produced in modern direct injection gasoline engines. The regeneration of this system is critical, since it occurs in oxygen deficiency, but it can be promoted by placing an appropriate catalyst on the filter walls. In this paper, a nanostructured equimolar ceria-praseodymia catalyst, obtained via hydrothermal synthesis, was characterized with complementary techniques (XRD, N2-physisorption, FESEM, XPS, Temperature Programmed Reduction, etc.) and its catalytic performances were investigated in low oxygen availability. Pr-doping significantly affected ceria structure and morphology, and the weakening of the cerium–oxygen bond associated to Pr insertion resulted in a high reducibility. The catalytic activity was explored considering different reactions, namely CO oxidation, ethylene and propylene total oxidation, and soot combustion. Thanks to its capability of releasing active oxygen species, ceria-praseodymia exhibited a remarkable activity and CO2-selectivity at low oxygen concentrations, proving to be a promising catalyst for coated GPFs.

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