scholarly journals Comparing influenza positivity rates by Real-Time RT-PCR, Elisa and viral culture methods in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa, in 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
NT Nzussouo ◽  
HA Kadjo ◽  
D Coulibaly ◽  
E Ekaza ◽  
B Kouakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

scholarly journals First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Yams (Dioscorea spp.) in Ghana, Togo, and Republic of Benin in West Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Eni ◽  
P. Lava Kumar ◽  
R. Asiedu ◽  
O. J. Alabi ◽  
R. A. Naidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The West ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic

Yam (Dioscorea spp., family Dioscoreaceae) is one of the most important food crops cultivated in the West African yam zone comprising the forest and savannah areas of Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Republic of Benin, and Togo, which account for more than 90% of the 4.59 million ha of yam cultivation worldwide (1). A survey was conducted in 2005 to document viruses in yams in Ghana, Togo, and the Republic of Benin. Samples (1,405) from five species of yam showing mosaic, chlorosis, and stunting as well as asymptomatic plants were tested for Dioscorea bacilliform virus (DBV, genus Badnavirus), Yam mosaic virus (YMV, genus Potyvirus), and Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV, genus Potyvirus), the three most common viruses infecting yams. In addition, samples were tested for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), since CMV was previously reported to infect yams in Côte d'Ivoire (2) and Nigeria (3). In protein-A sandwich-ELISA with polyclonal antibodies to a cowpea isolate of CMV, 23 of the 1,405 samples (6 of 218 samples from Togo, 13 of 628 samples from Ghana, and 4 of 559 samples from Republic of Benin) tested positive for CMV. The CMV-positive samples were from D. alata (N = 16) and D. rotundata (N = 7), whereas all samples from D. cayenensis, D. dumetorum, and D. bulbifera tested negative. CMV was detected as mixed infections with DBV, YMV, or YMMV in 21 of 23 samples. Some of these samples showed puckering, chlorosis, mottling, and crinkling, whereas some plants infected by two or more viruses were asymptomatic. Only two samples from D. rotundata had a single infection of CMV and they showed mild chlorotic symptoms in young leaves that were inconspicuous in mature leaves. In sap inoculations, the virus induced systemic mosaic in Nicotiana glutinosa. The presence of CMV in ELISA-positive yam samples was further confirmed by immunocapture-reverse transcription (IC-RT)-PCR using CMV antibodies as trapping antibody and oligonucleotide primers specific for a 485 nt corresponding to 3′ end of the coat protein gene and C-terminal noncoding region of RNA-3 (4). To confirm the specificity of IC-RT-PCR, the 485-bp amplicons from an isolate from the Republic of Benin was cloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and three independent clones were sequenced from both orientations. Pairwise comparison of a consensus sequence (Accession No. EU274471) with corresponding sequences of other CMV isolates deposited in GenBank showed 99% identity at the nucleotide sequence level (Accession No. U22821) and revealed that the CMV isolate from yam belongs to sub-Group IA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV infection in yams (D. alata and D. rotundata) in Ghana, Togo, and the Republic of Benin. Together with a previous documentation of CMV in D. alata and D. trifida in Côte d'Ivoire and Nigeria (2,3), this report adds to existing knowledge on distribution of CMV in yams with implications for yam production and germplasm distribution in the West Africa Region. References: (1) FAO. Online publication. FAOSTAT, 2007. (2) C. Fauquet and J. C. Thouvenel. Plant Viral Diseases in the Ivory Coast. ORSTROM: Documentation Techniques. Paris, 1987. (3) Jd'A. Hughes et al. Phytopathology 87:S45, 1997. (4) S. Wylie et al. Aus. J. Agric. Res. 44:41, 1993.

scholarly journals Exploration targets in the Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana transform margin in Equatorial West Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Jianping ◽  
Pan Xiaohua ◽  
Ma Jun ◽  
Tian Zuoji ◽  
Wan Lunkun
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Transform Margin

scholarly journals Tinea Capitis Caused by Microsporum audouninii: A Report of Two Cases from Côte D’Ivoire, West Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Rie Roselyne Yotsu ◽  
Kouamé Kouadio ◽  
Aubin Yao ◽  
Bamba Vagamon ◽  
Motoi Takenaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

We report here two cases of tinea capitis caused by Microsporum (M.) audouinii in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. The patients were a three-year-old boy and a six-year-old girl who presented with scaly patches on the scalp. The causative fungus was isolated using an adhesive tape-sampling method and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates. It was identified as M. audouinii both by its macroscopic and microscopic features, confirmed by DNA sequencing. These are the first documented cases of M. audouinii infections confirmed with DNA sequencing to be reported from Côte d’Ivoire. The practicality of the tape-sampling method makes it possible to carry out epidemiological surveys evaluating the distribution of these dermatophytic infections in remote, resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Marching across and beyond West Africa: First record of the stem-galling fly Cecidochares connexa (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Central Africa and the implications for biological control of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252770
Author(s):  
Pascal O. Aigbedion-Atalor ◽  
Itohan Idemudia ◽  
Medetissi Adom ◽  
Ethelyn E. Forchibe ◽  
Hospice Tossou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Benin Republic

The Neotropical invasive plant Chromolaena odorata R.M. King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae) is a serious weed in West and Central Africa and two biological control agents that have been introduced into West Africa to help reduce its impacts on agriculture and biodiversity, have established. The stem-galling fly, Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae), has spread widely across West Africa since its release in only Côte d’Ivoire, occurring in six countries. This study aimed to investigate whether the gall fly had spread further across West Africa and into Central Africa. Here, we surveyed C. odorata for C. connexa galls in Cameroon between October 2018 and October 2020, along roadsides, on farms, residential areas, and abandoned plots, encompassing various vegetation types. Additional surveys were conducted across four countries (Ghana, Togo, Benin Republic and Nigeria) in West Africa that we considered the probable pathway for the spread of the gall fly into Central Africa. Cecidochares connexa was present at five of the six locations surveyed in Cameroon, albeit in varying abundance. In Africa, these findings represent the first-ever report of C. connexa outside of West Africa. In West Africa, we recorded significant expansion in the geographic range of C. connexa, as reflected in the absent-present record of C. connexa in two locations in Nigeria and one in Ghana, as well as its occurrence in all locations surveyed in Benin Republic and Togo. Clearly, Ghana, Togo, Benin Republic and Nigeria served as the dispersal pathway of C. connexa from the release sites in Côte d’Ivoire into Cameroon, covering over 2,300 km. Following the spread and establishment of C. connexa into Cameroon, we anticipate that it will continue to spread further into other parts of Central Africa which are climatically suitable. Cecidochares connexa is currently the only biological control agent for C. odorata in Central Africa. Given that it has significantly reduced populations of C. odorata in other countries where it has established, it is expected to have a similar impact in Central Africa.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic VOC in Abidjan, southern West Africa: from source quantification to atmospheric impacts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Dominutti ◽  
Sekou Keita ◽  
Julien Bahino ◽  
Aurélie Colomb ◽  
Cathy Liousse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Abstract. Several field campaigns were deployed in the framework of the project Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) to measure a broad range of atmospheric constituents. Here, we present the analysis of an unprecedented and comprehensive dataset integrating up to fifty-six VOC from ambient sites and emission sources. VOCs were collected on sorbent tubes in the coastal city of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, in winter and summer 2016 and analysed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization and mass spectrometer detectors (GC-FID and GC-MS) at the laboratory. The comparison between VOC emission source profiles and ambient profiles suggests the substantial impact of two-wheelers and domestic fires on the composition of Abidjan's atmosphere. However, despite the high VOC concentrations near-source, moderate ambient levels were observed (by a factor of 10 to 4000 lower) and similar to the ones observed in northern mid-latitude urban areas. Beyond photochemistry, reported high wind speeds suggest that meteorology is an essential factor that regulates air pollution in Abidjan. Emission ratios (ΔVOC / ΔCO) were established based on real-world measurements achieved on a selected number of representative combustion sources. Maximal molar mass contributions were observed from two-wheeler (TW) emissions, overpassing other regional sources by two orders of magnitude. This source also largely governs the VOC atmospheric impacts in terms of OH reactivity, secondary aerosol formation (SOAP) and ozone production (POCP). While the contribution of aromatics dominates the atmospheric impact, our measurements reveal the systematic presence of anthropogenic terpenoids in all residential combustion sectors. Finally, emission factors were used to retrieve and quantify VOC emissions from the main anthropogenic source sectors at national level. Our detailed VOC emissions estimation suggests that the road transport sector is the dominant source in Cote d'Ivoire by emitting around 1200 Gg yr−1 of gas-phase VOCs. These new estimations are 100 and 160 times larger than previous global inventory estimations like MACCity or Edgar (v4.3.2). Additionally, the residential sector is also largely underestimated by a factor of 13 to 43. For the only Cote d'Ivoire, these new estimates for VOCs are three to six times higher than the whole Europe. Given the significant underestimation of VOC emissions from transport and residential sectors for Côte d'Ivoire country there is an urgent need for such an effort in the whole West Africa region for building more realistic and region-specific emission inventories. This is not only true for VOCs but all atmospheric pollutants. The dearth of waste burning, fuelwood burning and charcoal representation in regional inventories need also to be addressed, particularly in low-income areas where these types of activities are essential sources of VOC emissions.

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