scholarly journals Pastoral Conflict, Emerging Trends and Environmental Stress in Nyangatom, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Temesgen Thomas ◽  
Taddesse Berisso
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Border Conflicts ◽  
Grazing Lands

This study examined the dynamics of conflict, emerging trends and relationship between inter-pastoral conflicts and environmental changes in Nyangatom, Southern Ethiopia.  The study employed a qualitative approach and exploratory case study research design.  The study revealed that inter-pastoral conflicts stem from multiple and compounding dynamics. The environmental change has escalated intense inter-pastoralists’ contestation and conflicts, including cross-border conflict, on the scarce and fast-depleting natural resources. Indeed, there is a causal link between inter-pastoral conflicts and environmental changes. In this regard, the environmental factor has uniquely affected the Nyangatom due to the drying of Kibish River and rapid invasion of Prosopis–Juliflora in their key grazing lands. In response to environmental stresses as part of the traditional copying mechanism, the Nyangatom cross border deep into South-Sudan to their ethnic kin of Toposa and into Kenya that usually causes frequent cross-border conflicts with Turkana pastoralists. Irrespective of discernible risk of conflicts, they used to migrate to Mursi and Surma territories that caused conflict. And yet, the Nyangatom has often engaged in frequent conflicts with Dasanach. The study suggests alternative livelihood options and an understanding of the complex conflict dynamics in view of the cause-effect relationships for future management of inter-pastoral and cross-border conflicts in the region.

Ownership, Incentives and Regulation of CCP Risks

2016 ◽  
pp. 272-303
Author(s):  
Louise Carter ◽  
Jennifer Hancock ◽  
Mark Manning
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Central Counterparties

This chapter develops a framework to analyse the factors influencing central counterparties' (CCPs') risk controls and the role of regulation. The framework illustrates the importance of sound regulation of CCPs and helps to explain why different CCPs may make different risk management choices. Key factors include ownership, governance and the profile and preferences of participants. International standards for the design and operation of CCPs and other financial market infrastructures (FMIs) are reflected in the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMIs). Modelling key elements of these standards, the chapter demonstrates the importance of a flexible regulatory framework that achieves the desired level of stability while allowing the mix of risk controls applied by each CCP to vary according to its particular incentives and operating environment. The chapter goes on to discuss the emerging trends towards competition and interoperability between CCPs and cross-border provision of clearing services, and consider the implications for CCPs' risk management choices.

Vulnerability of Forest Vegetation Due to Anthropogenic Disturbances in Western Himalayan Region of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 268-289
Author(s):  
Akash ◽  
Navneet ◽  
Bhupendra Singh Bhandari ◽  
Kamal Bijlwan
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Western Himalayan Region ◽  
Himalayan Forests

The Western Himalayan zone of India is not only threatened by rapid climatic changes, natural floods, and fires, but also by anthropogenic activities. Himalayan forests are vulnerable due to climatic changes and faced severe ecological deterioration due to anthropogenic pressures. The degradation of forests due to anthropogenic disturbances is increasing because of overgrowth of population, high poverty ratio, as well as the limitations of alternative livelihood options. Further resources from forest makes it inseparable to manage forest stands without considering the importance of socio-economic status and ecological aspects of forest management to the well-being of local communities. Therefore, the Himalayan forests and the communities depending on forests should be seen as a part of an evolving. This chapter will explore the vulnerability of the knowledge towards Western Himalayan forests and community-based management of forests. Additionally, it will sketch potential sites affected through anthropogenic pressures.

Alternative Livelihood Options of Fishermen of Nijhum Dwip under Hatiya Upazila of Noakhali District in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rahman ◽  
M.F. Tazim ◽  
S.C. Dey ◽  
A.K.M.S. Azam ◽  
M.R. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Options

scholarly journals Production and Export of Shrimp of Bangladesh : Problems and Prospects

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Secondary Information

A study on problems and prospects of shrimp production and marketing from Bangladesh on the basis of secondary information was carried out from July to October 08. Shrimp farming has emerged one of the important economic activities in Bangladesh and become the second largest export industry after garments. Shrimp aquaculture in coastal areas plays a major role providing employment, income and food security to remote coastal people where alternative livelihood options are limited. Shrimp culture system is extensive to improved extensive type with total production of 55000 mt of brackish water shrimp and 12000 mt of freshwater shrimp. In coastal Bangladesh, shrimp culture has led to many social and environmental problems. In export markets, shrimps are great but many challenges remain ahead because of increasing requirements of quality, food hygiene and development of technological and trade barriers in large shrimp markets in USA and EU countries. However, challenges lies with good aquaculture practice and competitive export, which are the effective tools for poverty alleviation and national development program for Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16868 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 163 – 171, 2009

Human responses to hydroclimate fluctuations over the last 200 kyr in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Schäbitz ◽  
Verena Foerster ◽  
Asfawossen Asrat ◽  
Andrew S. Cohen ◽  
Melissa S. Chapot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Ethiopian Rift ◽  
Mobility Patterns

<p><span>Humans </span><span>have been adapting to more demanding habitats in the course of their evolutionary history</span><span>. </span><span>Nevertheless</span><span>, environmental changes coupled with overpopulation naturally limit competition for resources. In order to find such limits, reconstructions of climate and </span><span>population changes </span><span>are increasingly used for the continent of our origin, Africa.</span> <span>However, </span><span>continuous and high-resolution records of climate-human interactions are still scarce. </span></p><p><span>Using a 280 m sediment core from Chew Bahir*, a wide tectonic basin in southern Ethiopia,</span> <span>we reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions during the development of <em>Homo sapiens.</em> The complete multiproxy record of the composite core covers the last ~600 ka </span><span>, allowing tests of hypotheses about the influence of climate change on human evolution and technological innovation from the Late Acheulean to the Middle/Late Stone Age, and on dispersal within and out of Africa</span><span>. </span></p><p><span>Here we present results from the uppermost 100 meters of the Chew Bahir core, spanning the last 200 kiloyears (ka). </span><span>The record shows two modes of environmental change that are associated with two types of human mobility. The first mode is a long-term trend towards a more arid climate, overlain by precession-driven wet-dry alternation. Through comparison with the archaeological record, humid episodes appear to have led to the opening of ‘green’ networks between favourable habitats and thus to increased human mobility on a regional scale. The second mode of environmental change resembles millennial-scale Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events, which seem to coincide with enhanced vertical mobility from the Ethiopian rift to the highlands, especially in the time frame between ~65–21 ka BP. The coincidence of climate change and human mobility patterns help to define the limiting conditions for early <em>Homo sapiens</em> in eastern Africa.</span></p><p><span>___________________</span></p><p><span>*</span> <span>cored in the context of HSPDP (<em>Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project</em>) and CRC </span><span>(<em>Collaborative Research </em><em>Centre</em>) 806 “<em>Our way to Europe</em>”</span></p>

scholarly journals Border Residents and Cross border Crimes in Ghana: An Empirical Study of Aflao

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ishmael K. Hlovor
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Armed Robbery ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Border Town ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Border Areas

Border residents have been noted for their involvement in goods smuggling and other illegal cross border exchanges as coping mechanisms for poverty and unemployment. This study assesses the veracity of this claim through a field survey of the eastern border town of Aflao. The result of the study shows that challenges of poverty and unemployment have forced border residents to exploit their location in the border space as coping strategy by engaging in officially proscribed activities. These activities involve crimes such as goods smuggling, smuggling facilitation, armed robbery and petty stealing, drug trafficking, human trafficking and arms trafficking. While border residents are likely to see some of these activities (armed robbery and petty stealing, drug trafficking, human trafficking and arms trafficking) as crimes, they would normally accept that goods smuggling and aiding smuggling are not crimes because they serve as livelihood options, which contribute to reducing unemployment and poverty in border areas. To be effective, border management has to be comprehensive and incorporate the livelihood needs of Borderlanders.

Ownership, Incentives and Regulation of CCP Risks

2018 ◽  
pp. 489-521
Author(s):  
Louise Carter ◽  
Jennifer Hancock ◽  
Mark Manning
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Central Counterparties

This chapter develops a framework to analyse the factors influencing central counterparties' (CCPs') risk controls and the role of regulation. The framework illustrates the importance of sound regulation of CCPs and helps to explain why different CCPs may make different risk management choices. Key factors include ownership, governance and the profile and preferences of participants. International standards for the design and operation of CCPs and other financial market infrastructures (FMIs) are reflected in the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMIs). Modelling key elements of these standards, the chapter demonstrates the importance of a flexible regulatory framework that achieves the desired level of stability while allowing the mix of risk controls applied by each CCP to vary according to its particular incentives and operating environment. The chapter goes on to discuss the emerging trends towards competition and interoperability between CCPs and cross-border provision of clearing services, and consider the implications for CCPs' risk management choices.

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