shrimp culture
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2022 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 100950
Author(s):  
Elaine A. Sabu ◽  
Maria Judith Gonsalves ◽  
Delcy Nazareth ◽  
Rayadurga Anantha Sreepada

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 100916
Author(s):  
Chen Huang ◽  
Yuanyuan Luo ◽  
Guoquan Zeng ◽  
Penglong Zhang ◽  
Ruibing Peng ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ubair Nisar ◽  
Daomin Peng ◽  
Yongtong Mu ◽  
Yu Sun

Biofloc technology (BFT) is gaining traction as a strategic aquaculture tool for boosting feed conversions, biosecurity, and wastewater recycling. The significant aspect of BFT is aquaculture with highest stocking density and minimal water exchange. It not only improves the water quality of a system by removing inorganic nitrogen from wastewater but also serves as a suitable feed supplement and probiotic source for cultured species. This technology is commonly used for shrimp and tilapia culture and can be used for both semi-intensive and intensive culture systems. Biofloc, when combined with formulated diets, forms a balanced food chain that improves growth performance. Nutrients in this system are continuously recycled and reused and form an efficient alternative system in aquaculture. In addition to the reduction in water exchange, it is also considered as a bio-security measure, since it prevents entry of disease from outside sources. Aquamimicry is an innovative concept that simulates natural estuarine conditions by developing copepods that act as supplementary nutrition especially for shrimp culture. The review highlights the process, significance, and development of BFT, its microbial interactions, nutritional value, transition from biofloc to copefloc, and concept of aquamimicry to sustainably improve aquaculture production.


Author(s):  
Pallavi Dutta

Microbial load in terms of Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) were documented in the water of a shrimp culture farm at Malancha region of North 24 Parganas for a period of 36 years (1984-2019). The region receives the wastewater from the city of Kolkata. A steady hike in the microbial load (comprising of both total and fecal coliform) is noticed. The primary reason behind this rise of the microbial load is the run-off from the nearby landmasses that brings various types of wastes in the shrimp farm under investigation. The sustainability of shrimp farms in this region is under question due to the huge microbial load as revealed from the output of NAR.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Yusma Yennie ◽  
Gunawan Gunawan ◽  
Farida Ariyani

Listeria monocytogenes adalah salah satu bakteri patogen yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit bawaan pangan. Penolakan ekspor produk udang beku Indonesia karena kontaminasi L. monocytogenes masih terjadi yang berdampak pada kerugian material bagi pelaku usaha. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan tingkat kontaminasi L. monocytogenes pada produk udang beku untuk pasar ekspor. Sampel yang diambil merupakan udang segar dari tambak dan bahan baku dari bagian penerimaan di Unit Pengolahan Ikan (UPI) serta udang beku sebagai produk akhir UPI, dengan menerapkan sistem ketertelusuran. Lokasi penelitian adalah Sumatra Utara (Medan), DKI Jakarta, Jawa Timur (Surabaya dan Banyuwangi), dan Sulawesi Selatan (Makassar). Identifikasi dan enumerasi L. monocytogenes dilakukan dengan metode MPN-PCR dengan target gen hlyA (~456bp). Prevalensi L. monocytogenes pada udang vaname secara keseluruhan sebesar 6,7% (9/135 sampel), dengan prevalensi di masing-masing titik pengambilan sampel berturut-turut 6,1% di tambak, 9,6% di bahan baku, dan 4% di produk akhir, yang merupakan sampel udang dari batch yang sama. Tingkat kontaminasi L. monocytogenes pada sampel udang vaname berkisar 6,1-1.100 APM/g. Persyaratan L. monocytogenes pada bahan pangan adalah negatif/25g, sehingga sampel udang yang terkontaminasi L. monocytogenes tersebut tidak memenuhi persyaratan sebagai pangan yang aman untuk dikonsumsi berdasarkan regulasi yang berlaku di Indonesia maupun di negara lain. Kontaminasi L. monocytogenes pada udang beku kemungkinan berasal dari tambak ataupun lingkungan pengolahan. Penerapan Good Aquaculture Practices (GAP) di lingkungan tambak udang, serta Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) dan Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) di UPI perlu dilakukan dengan benar sebagai upaya pengendalian kontaminasi L. monocytogenes. Selain itu, perlu dilakukan kajian lebih lanjut mengenai sumber dan titik kritis kontaminasi L. monocytogenes di sepanjang rantai pengolahan udang beku mulai dari tambak sampai produk akhir.ABSTRACTListeria monocytogenes is pathogenic bacteria that can cause foodborne illness. Rejection of frozen shrimp exports due to L. monocytogenes contamination still occurs and causes economical losses for the industries. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the level of L. monocytogenes contamination in frozen shrimp for export markets. Samples collected were fresh shrimp from shrimp culture and raw material from the receiving point of fish processing plants (UPI), and frozen shrimp as the end product, by implementing a traceability system. Study locations were in North Sumatra (Medan), Special Capital Region of Jakarta, East Java (Surabaya dan Banyuwangi), and South Sulawesi (Makassar). Identification and enumeration of L. monocytogenes were carried out using the MPN-PCR method with the target gene hlyA (~456bp). The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in vanname shrimp was 6.7% (9 out of 135 samples), where 6.1%, 9.6%, and 4% of the prevalence were found in samples from shrimp culture, raw material, and end product, respectively. These samples were from the same batch. The contamination level ranged from 6.1 to 1,100 MPN/g. L. monocytogenes in food should be negative/25g, thus the contaminated samples do not meet requirements as safe for human consumption based on food regulation in Indonesia and other countries. Findings from this study suggested that shrimp culture or fish processing environment are potential sources of L. monocytogenes contamination in frozen shrimp. Therefore, the implementation of Good Aquaculture Practices (GAP) in shrimp culture environment, as well as Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in shrimp processing plant are necessary to control L. monocytogenes contamination. Further studies regarding the sources and critical points of L. monocytogenes contamination throughout the processing of frozen shrimp from shrimp culture to end product are also needed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hu ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Ran Zhao ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Zongze Shao

Author(s):  
M. N. Sarker

The traditional method of shrimp culture is a common practice in Indian Sundarbans which is done without any sound scientific back-up, proper feed, and water quality management. The shrimp farmers use a traditional feed of animal origin that often results in deterioration of water quality and disease outbreaks in cultured species. The present paper highlights the effect of the total replacement of animal ingredients in shrimp feed with floral ingredients on water quality and shrimp health. Weight gain, condition index, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, body pigmentation (astaxanthin level) were analyzed in shrimps along with pond water quality. Higher condition index (C.I.) values, survival rate, and gain in shrimp weight were observed in the experimental pond (E) compared to the control pond (C). Low FCR values were observed in the experimental pond than in the control pond. Astaxanthin values in shrimps of the experimental pond were also higher than the control pond which points towards Suaeda maritima as the source of carotenoid in the shrimp tissue.


Author(s):  
T. Suguna

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing sector in the world. In India over the last three decades, aquaculture has developed significantly, earning considerable amount of foreign exchange, besides providing employment. India is basically a carp country. Where in the indigenous major carps: Catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal), exotic carps like common carp (Cyprinus carpio) grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix) along with air breathing fishes, Clarias batrachus, Heteropneuestes fossils, Pangasius sps. are being widely cultured accounting for bulk of freshwater aquaculture production. In the last few years, the exotic catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and pacu Piaractus branchypomus culure is also increasing. Tilapia and Pangasius are also offer opportunities for cage culture. The focus on the production of genetically improved tilapia for market as cheep source of proteins is also enhancing (Jelte de Jong, 2017). As the scope for horizontal expansion is limited, the current trend in aquaculture development is focused towards intensification of the culture practices. The frequent occurrence of diseases and epizootics are considered to be major bottlenecks for increasing production. The diseases are mostly bacterial and parasitic origin. The diseases account for 10-5 % towards the production cost (Sahoo, P. K. et al., 2017). India is basically a carp Freshwater aquaculture has been the main stay of Indian aquaculture, in terms of total quantity as well as its share in the domestic fish basket. India is called as carp country as carp production contribute in bulk (over 82%). In Andhra Pradesh fish and shrimp culture is income generating profession. The district West Godavari of Andhra Pradesh, is specifically the fish bowl of India, generating an amount of Rs. 15.00 crores annually. Semi intensive culture practice is common, in an area of more than 2.0 lakh acres. In course of expansion and intensification of this semi extensive culture practice of the Indian major carps, over the last three decades, many economically important problems have been identified which are threatening the sustainability of the culture system. Occurrence of diseases is one of such factor affecting the socio-economic status of aqua farmers. To overcome this, an intensive surveillance was carried to document the prevalence of various diseases, season of occurrence, disease diagnosis, etiological agents, mortality rates and controlling measures, so that the severe risk for sustainability and huge economic loss can be arrested. The frequency in occurrence of septicaemia, bacterial gill disease (bacterial), dactylogyrosis, paradactylogyrosis (parasitic) and argulosis are recorded. The incidence of diseases and mortality rate are high in winter season.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijian Huang ◽  
Dongwei Hou ◽  
Renjun Zhou ◽  
Shenzheng Zeng ◽  
Chengguang Xing ◽  
...  

From increasing evidence has emerged a tight link among the environment, intestine microbiota, and host health status; moreover, the microbial interaction in different habitats is crucial for ecosystems. However, how the environmental microbial community assembly governs the intestinal microbiota and microbial communities of multiple habitats contribute to the metacommunity remain elusive. Here, we designed two delicate experiments from temporal and spatial scales in a shrimp culture pond ecosystem (SCPE). Of the SCPE metacommunity, the microbial diversity was mainly contributed to by the diversity of–βIntraHabitats and βInterHabitats, and water and sediment communities had a large contribution to the shrimp intestine community as shown by SourceTracker and Sloan neutral community model analyses. Also, phylogenetic bin-based null model results show that microbial assembly of three habitats in the SCPE appeared to be largely driven by stochastic processes. These results enrich our understanding of the environment–intestinal microbiota–host health closely linked relationship, making it possible to be the central dogma for an anthropogenic aquaculture ecosystem. Our findings enhance the mechanistic understanding of microbial assembly in the SCPE for further analyzing metacommunities, which has important implications for microbial ecology and animal health.


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