scholarly journals Border Residents and Cross border Crimes in Ghana: An Empirical Study of Aflao

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ishmael K. Hlovor
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Armed Robbery ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Border Town ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Border Areas

Border residents have been noted for their involvement in goods smuggling and other illegal cross border exchanges as coping mechanisms for poverty and unemployment. This study assesses the veracity of this claim through a field survey of the eastern border town of Aflao. The result of the study shows that challenges of poverty and unemployment have forced border residents to exploit their location in the border space as coping strategy by engaging in officially proscribed activities. These activities involve crimes such as goods smuggling, smuggling facilitation, armed robbery and petty stealing, drug trafficking, human trafficking and arms trafficking. While border residents are likely to see some of these activities (armed robbery and petty stealing, drug trafficking, human trafficking and arms trafficking) as crimes, they would normally accept that goods smuggling and aiding smuggling are not crimes because they serve as livelihood options, which contribute to reducing unemployment and poverty in border areas. To be effective, border management has to be comprehensive and incorporate the livelihood needs of Borderlanders.

scholarly journals Współpraca transgraniczna a rozwój regionów wschodnich

2005 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kacperska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

The cross-border cooperation is an element of international cooperation allowing border areas to develop. Polish border areas are very much diversified , in respect of the development, especially weakly developed are terrains situated along eastern border. The chance of the development of those regions is to cooperate, especially in the aspect of using financial resources form programs of cross-border cooperation of the European Union. The aim of the study is to point benefits and barriers of border areas development caused by the cross-border cooperation on the example of eastern regions, taking into consideration euro regions: Neman, Bug and Carpathians.

scholarly journals Understanding the challenges to investigating and prosecuting organ trafficking: a comparative analysis of two cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederike Ambagtsheer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organ Trafficking ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Human Organ ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Organ Trade ◽  
Case Outcome

AbstractThe human organ trade is proliferating globally. However, far fewer cases have been prosecuted than would be expected based on estimates of the crime. Research exploring the challenges to investigating and prosecuting organ trafficking cases is practically non-existent. Also no studies exist that explain these challenges utilizing a criminal justice framework. This article aims to explain the legal, institutional and environmental factors that affected the investigation and prosecution of two organ trafficking cases: the Netcare case, exposed in South Africa and the Medicus case, exposed in Kosovo. It analyzes these factors through a comparative, mixed-method design, utilizing a theoretical criminal justice framework. Both cases constituted globally operating criminal networks involving brokers and transplant professionals that colluded in organizing illegal transplants. Both cases contained human trafficking elements, however only the Medicus case was prosecuted as a human trafficking case. Legal uncertainty, a lack of institutional readiness and cross-border collaboration issues hampered investigation and prosecution of the Netcare case. The Medicus case also reported problems during cross-border collaboration, as well as a corrupt environment and institutional barriers, which impeded a successful case outcome. Recommendations to improve enforcement of organ trafficking include improving identification of suspicious transplant activity, strengthening cross-border collaboration and enhancing whistleblower protection laws.

scholarly journals Differences over Difference: Sino-Russian Friendship at Interstate and Interpersonal Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-721
Author(s):  
Ed Pulford
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Town ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Daily Interactions ◽  
Difference Form ◽  
Social Scientific

AbstractRelations between states are usually framed in human terms, from partners to rivals, enemies or allies, polities and persons appear to engage in cognate relationships. Yet whether or not official ties and relationships among people from those states actually correspond remains less clear. “Friendship,” a term first applied to states in eighteenth-century Europe and mobilized in the (post)socialist world since the 1930s, articulates with particular clarity both the promise and the limitations of harmonized personal and state ties. Understandings of friendship vary interculturally, and invocations of state-state friendship may be accompanied by a distinct lack of amity among populations. Such is the case between China and Russia today, and this situation therefore raises wider questions over how we should understand interstate and interpersonal relationships together. Existing social scientific work has generally failed to locate either the everyday in the international or the international in the everyday. Focusing on both Chinese and Russian approaches to daily interactions in a border town and the official Sino-Russian Friendship, I thus suggest a new scalar approach. Applying this to the Sino-Russian case in turn reveals how specific contours of “difference” form a pivot around which relationships at both scales operate. This study thus offers both comparison between Chinese and Russian friendships, and a lens for wider comparative work in a global era of shifting geopolitics and cross-border encounters.

scholarly journals Interdicting International Drug Trafficking: a Network Approach for Coordinated and Targeted Interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giommoni ◽  
Giulia Berlusconi ◽  
Alberto Aziani
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Edge Betweenness ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Social Network Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
International Trafficking

AbstractThere is a relative dearth of literature on both the effects of cross-border interdictions and the impact of different types of interventions on international drug trafficking. This study identifies the main trafficking routes for cocaine and heroin, along with comparing the disruptive effects induced by targeted and non-coordinated interventions. It adopts a social network approach to identify the routes along which cocaine and heroin are trafficked, and then simulates the impact of different interdiction strategies on these two trafficking networks. The findings indicate that targeting countries based on their respective positions in the networks, as opposed to on the basis of the quantity of drugs exchanged, is more likely to disrupt drug flows. More specifically, concentrating law enforcement resources on countries with several incoming or outgoing trafficking connections, or those countries that mediate between producer, transit and consumer countries, would appear to be particularly effective in this regard. Interventions focused on specific trafficking routes are also likely to be effective if these routes have high edge betweenness centrality scores. This study contributes to extant understanding on the vulnerability of cocaine and heroin international trafficking networks, and, moreover, demonstrates that empirically-driven strategies are potentially more effective at interdicting international trafficking than non-strategic and non-coordinated interventions.

scholarly journals Experiencias biográficas de trabajadoras en la industria de exportación en el norte de México y Marruecos

2018 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Soriano Miras ◽  
Kathryn Kopinak ◽  
Antonio Trinidad Requena
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Export Industry ◽  
Expressive Function ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Biographical Approach ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Migration

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre cómo la globalización económicaafecta a la vida de las mujeres que trabajan en la industria de exportaciónen espacios fronterizos marcados por la porosidad de dicha frontera. Hemos queridointerrogarnos acerca de cómo lo macro afecta a lo micro, coadyuvando a lageneración de espacios glolocales, donde la vivencia transfronteriza y la migración(interna o internacional) adquiere relevancia. Para ello se han escogido dosrelatos biográficos (para cada caso estudiado) que nos ayudan a ejemplificar dichasvivencias, enfatizando la función expresiva del enfoque biográfico al que se refiereBertaux. Ambos casos se han seleccionado de una investigación más amplia querecoge la vida de ochenta mujeres que cuentan con experiencia laboral en la industriade exportación en la frontera de México con EEUU y la de Marruecos conEspaña.This article reflects on how economic globalization affects the livesof women working in the export industry in border areas marked by the porosity ofsaid border. We wanted to ask ourselves about how the macro affects the micro,helping to generate glolocal spaces, where the cross-border experience and migration(internal or international) becomes relevant. To this end, two biographicalaccounts have been chosen (for each case studied) that help us to exemplify theseexperiences, emphasizing the expressive function of the biographical approach towhich Bertaux refers. Both cases have been selected from a wider investigationthat includes the lives of more than a hundred and fifty people (eighty women) whohave work experience in the export industry on the border of Mexico with the USand Morocco with Spain.

scholarly journals KERJASAMA INDONESIA- MALAYSIA DALAM MENANGANI PEREDARAN NARKOBA DI PERBATASAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Ade Priangani ◽  
Kunkunrat Kunkunrat ◽  
Silvia Nurindah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Drug Smuggling ◽  
Drug Packaging ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Drug Traffickers

Indonesia and Malaysia have close ties especially in their land borders, making it easier to access buying and selling that occurs between communities on the border. Especially in trade to drug trafficking that occurs in border areas such as the Entikong-Sarawak region. Purchase until delivery of drugs. The circulation of drugs that enter from Malaysia is not only from the waters border, but also from land to air lines. In addition, drug traffickers not only pass through the official flight routes and ports, but drug traffickers entering from Malaysia can also take advantage of unofficial lanes on the land and water borders between Indonesia and Malaysia which have minimal security. The research of this study is to find out, explore and describe the cooperation carried out by the governments of Indonesia and Malaysia in dealing with drug trafficking on the border, especially on the Entikong and Sarawak borders, where the drug smuggling is most often deposited by couriers or which is directly taken by the dealer. By changing the form of drug packaging into a form or stored in another place, which can trick the officers at immigration. This research is expected to be useful to increase the repertoire of the development of international relations science. Furthermore, practically, this research is expected to be useful and useful for decision makers, especially the central and regional governments of the two countries, in addressing drug trafficking and trafficking that occurs on the borders of the two countries, because it will threaten the lives of the two generations. The results of this study are with the cooperation of the two governments which are always discussed in once a year in the General Border Committee forum and cooperation between the institutions of the two countries such as the National Narcotics Agency, Customs, Police and PDRM are expected to help eradicate and reduce circulation and Drug sales that occur in the border areas of the two countries, both in the sea, air, and land. There were successes after Indonesia and Malaysia collaborated in combating drug trafficking as in 2014, Kuching PDRM succeeded in capturing two Indonesian Police officers related to drugs, which in this matter coordinated the POLRI through the West Kalimantan Regional Police with Malaysian PDRM. The collaboration between Indonesia and Malaysia is considered important because the location of the two countries is very close. As well as the two countries have a long coastline, this has the potential to serve as one of the entry points for drug smuggling. Although various prevention efforts have been carried out in the eradication of drugs by the two countries by involving various parties, there are still many obstacles that become obstacles in cooperation between the two countries to be able to minimize the level of drug trafficking and trafficking that occurs in border lanes, whether it's official or unofficial border lines.

scholarly journals Cross-border Life in an American Exclave: Point Roberts and the Canada–US Border

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Pierre-Alexandre Beylier
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Border Town ◽  
Canadian City

By applying a theoretical framework based on different models proposed in border studies literature, this article analyzes the morphological, functional, institutional and identity characteristics that make Point Roberts—an American exclave in the Pacific Northwest—a “cross-border town”. Using an online survey and face-to-face interviews, the author combines both quantitative and qualitative research methods in order to examine the forces that link Point Roberts and the Canadian city of Delta that lies across the Canada–US border. This paper highlights the specificities of this unique geographic configuration as well the challenges that the border represents.

scholarly journals External (border) peripheries in Hungary

2012 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Béla Baranyi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Two Sides

This study examines the development of external (cross-border) peripheries, as well as the opportunities of catching up in view of the European integration, most specifically the unfolding of the Schengen processes. A conclusion is drawn that the paradigm shift that is to be expected in cross-border relations and the modern, mainly local, small region-based and inter-settlement forms of interregional cooperations could contribute to diminishing the highly unfavourable circumstances from the aspect of rural development and the fostering of the socio-economic cohesion of the Carpathian basin. The new institutionalised legal frameworks of cross-border relations, the EGTCs can successfully promote in the future the acquisition and more efficient use of different development resources, parallel to this the socio-economic catching up of adjacent peripheries, lagging regions on the two sides of the same borders. Above all, they can be important for the utilisation of the direct relations and local resourcesin the Hungarian–Slovak, Hungarian–Ukrainian and Hungarian– Romanian borders along the northeast part of Hungary and for theHungarian–Croatian and Hungarian–Slovene border areas along South Transdanubia.

POTENTIAL POSSIBILITIES OF KHALKHIN-GOL REGION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
K. Demberel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Chinese Tourists ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

The relevance is primarily due to the fact that the development of trans-border territories is becoming an important tool for successful regional cooperation between Mongolia and its neighbouring countries. In these circumstances, it is necessary to study and understand the functions and mechanisms of cross-border cooperation, which will reveal the difficulties that exist there today. Within the framework of trilateral cooperation, including in the field of economic relations, our states attention to the development of border areas naturally increases. The object of the study is the cross-border tourism cooperation between Mongolia, the Russian Federation, and the People’s Republic of China. The article is devoted to the analysis of mongolian-russian-chinese relations at the present time. The subject is about the ways, forms and mechanisms of regional tourism cooperation between the three countries, as well as the factors that hinder this process. The purpose and objectives of the article is to analyze the main directions of cross-border cooperation between Mongolia, Russia and China in the trade, economic and tourism sector on the example of the border areas of our countries; to show what opportunities we have that we are losing and the challenges that border regions to interact in a more effective and mutually beneficial. There have been used general scientific empirical and theoretical research methods. The usage of a comparative-functional, systematic approach, modeling and a logical method encourages to identify the essential and substantive elements of the regional cooperation of the Mongolia, Russian Federation and China. The Chinese side is more business like about this problem, the Mongolian side is only in the study stage, and the Russian side has not yet shown any initiative. Research shows that Chinese tourists are interested in visiting the Mongolian steppe and to Russia. This research shows that Chinese tourists are interested in exploring/seeing Russia and Mongolian steppe. Therefore, Khalkhgol somon is a region that can develop cross-border tourism within the framework of the “One Region-One Road” project of the People’s Republic of China. This study shows that there is an opportunity to turn this region into a cross-border tourism region involving certain entities from the three countries

Assessing Anopheles Vector Species Diversity and Transmission of Malaria in Cross-Border Areas of Côte d'Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firmain N. Yokoly ◽  
Julien B. Z. Zahouli ◽  
Graham Small ◽  
Allassane F. Ouattara ◽  
Millicent Opoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Health Districts ◽  
Sporozoite Infection

Abstract Background Although malaria and Anopheles mosquito vectors are highly prevalent in Côte d'Ivoire, data are still lacking on disease transmission dynamics in cross-border areas. To address this lack of information, we assessed the Anopheles mosquito vector species diversity, the An. gambiae complex members and the transmission of malaria in four cross-border areas of Côte d'Ivoire.Method From July 2016 to December 2017, we collected adult Anopheles mosquitoes in four cross-border health districts of Côte d’Ivoire (Aboisso, Bloléquin, Odienné and Ouangolodougou) using standardized window exit trap (WET) and pyrethrum knockdown spray collection (PSC) methods. We identified collected mosquitoes morphologically at species level and An. gambiae complex members using short interspersed nuclear element-based polymerase chain reaction (SINE-PCR). We analyzed An. gambiae, An. funestus and An. nili specimens for malaria Plasmodium parasite infection using the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COX-I), and malaria prevalence among human population through local Ministry of Health (MoH) statistical yearbooks.Results In total, 281, 754, 1,319 and 2,443 specimens of Anopheles adult females were collected in Aboisso, Bloléquin, Odienné and Ouangolodougou, respectively. We found seven Anopheles species dominated by An. gambiae s.l. (94.8%-99.1%), followed by An. funestus (0.4%-4.3%) and An. nili (0%-0.7%). Among An. gambiae s.l., An. coluzzii predominated in Aboisso (89.2%) and Bloléquin (92.2%), while An. gambiae s.s. was present at the highest frequency in Odienné (96.0%) and Ouangolodougou (94.2%). The Plasmodium sporozoite infection rate in An. gambiae s.l. was highest in Odienné (11.0 %; n = 100) followed by Bloléquin (7.8%, n = 115), Aboisso (3.1%; n = 65) and Ouangologoudou (2.5%; n = 120). In An. funestus, P. falciparum sporozoite infection rate was estimated at 6.2% (n = 32) in Bloléquin, 8.7% (n = 23) in Odienné. No An. funestus specimens were found infected with P. falciparum sporozoite infection in Ouangolodougou and Aboisso. No P. falciparum sporozoite was detected in An. nili specimens in the four health districts. Among the local human populations, malaria prevalence rate was higher in Odienné (39.7%; n = 45,376) and Bloléquin (37.6%; n = 150,205) compared with that in Ouangolodougou (18.3%; n = 131,629) and Aboisso (19.7%; n = 364,585).Conclusion In cross-border health districts of Côte d’Ivoire, Anopheles vector species diversity and abundance and Plasmodium sporozoite infection were high, thus resulting in high transmission of malaria to local populations. An. gambiae and An. funestus were found to be highly Plasmodium-infected in the health districts of Bloléquin and Odienné where malaria prevalence among humans was particularly high. This study provides important information that can be used to guide national malaria control programme strategies in Côte d’Ivoire, mainly in cross-border settings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document