scholarly journals Lineal Megalithic Rock Scripts as precursors of Iberian and other lineal Mediterranean/Euro African ancient writings: the case of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (16) ◽  
pp. 629-648
Author(s):  
Antonio Arnaiz-Villena ◽  
Marcial Medina ◽  
Valentín Ruíz-del-Valle ◽  
Adrian López-Nares ◽  
Jose Antonio De Vera-Lima ◽  
...  

Lineal Megalithic/Paleolithic Lineal signs/lines may have a variety of purposes or representations. Some authors have proposed they represent sky, planets and stars and their movements, space/time representations or others, including letters/syllables or symbols/events. Some are painted, other incised; the latter are relatively more common in Megalithic scripts. Man is “writing” or creating handmade figures on stones /rocks and other supports, which sometimes have intentionally been polished since Paleolithic times: at least 70,000 years BP (Blombos Cave, South Africa). Megalithic script is named because it is associated to megalithic structures, although not exclusively. Von Petzinger 40,000 years old “symbols” and/or writing are extended worldwide in Paleolithic caves and other rocks. Man connection was worldwide in Paleolithic times. Canary Islands incise or picketed lineal writing exists with a transcribed and translated meaning collection of signs (Ibero-Guanche or Latin inscriptions and Lybic ones). Also, other African/European/Mediterranean lineal scripts there exist and examples are given in the present paper. Fuerteventura Island contains in addition many small or bigger stones and rocks with these Paleolithic/Megalithic incised lines all over its territory. About timing in which these stones that were incised by man, we are only referring to a kind of stone crafting. However, we do not discard that they were made by man several thousand years BP. Some Paleolithic/Megalithic scripts are mixed with clear Iberian semi-syllabary signs in Fuerteventura and other Canary Islands. They may reflect the evolution of more ancient Megalithic scripts to lineal writings like those detailed in the present paper and others. Finally, writing concept should be redefined whenever more precise data and dating be available.

Author(s):  
D. W. Minter

Abstract C. strumarium is described and illustrated. Information on diseases caused by C. strumarium, host range (field and horticultural crops, trees, dung, man and artefacts), geographical distribution (Algeria, Canary Islands, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Gambia, Kenya, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, USA, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Western Australia, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Cyprus, Israel, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia), and transmission is provided.


Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan

Abstract A description is provided for Diplocarpon earliana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Fragaria. DISEASE: Strawberry leaf scorch. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Throughout temperate zones and extending into the tropics in Malaysia, Taiwan, Australia and New Guinea; Africa (Rhodesia, Zambia, South Africa, Canary Islands); Europe (except Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Russia); North America (Canada, USA, Jamaica); South America (Brazil, Uruguay); Asia (Armenia, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, W. Malaysia). Appears to be most important in USA and eastern Europe (CMI Map 452, ed. 1, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by splash dispersal of conidia from infected leaves. Ascospores appear to be unimportant and in some regions (Poland; 46, 2074) where the perfect state has not been found.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Paratrichodorus teres (Hooper) Siddiqi. Enoplea: Dorylaimida: Trichodoridae. Hosts: sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera), potato (Solanum tuberosum), onion (Allium cepa) and various bulbs. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (South Africa), Asia (Iran), Europe (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Canary Islands, Sweden, United Kingdom, England), North America (United States, Florida, Oregon, Washington), Oceania (Australia, South Australia), South America (Chile).


2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenobia Jacobs ◽  
Geoffrey A.T. Duller ◽  
Ann G. Wintle ◽  
Christopher S. Henshilwood

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaw Badenhorst ◽  
Karen L. van Niekerk ◽  
Christopher S. Henshilwood

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick E. Grine ◽  
Christopher S. Henshilwood ◽  
Judith C. Sealy

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Jacobs ◽  
G.A.T Duller ◽  
A.G Wintle

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