2-D Electrical Resistivity Imaging Survey for Lithological Assessment at Igwete  Primary School, Amai, South-South Nigeria

Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) is a useful near-surface imaging technique, which mainly include data acquisition, numerical modelling and tomographic inversion. Within the study area, only one – dimensional (1-D) Electrical Resistivity survey has been carried out for Geophysical investigations. Therefore, 2-D ERI survey was carried out at the Igwete Primary School, Amai to provide electrical picture of the subsurface from which discrete bodies and lithology are better revealed vertically and in lateral extent. The 2-D ERT survey data were acquired using the Petrozenith Earth Resistivity meter while employing the Wenner electrode array. The 2-D apparent resistivity data were inverted to obtain true resistivities of the subsurface using res2dinv software running on personal computer. The subsurface resistivity models were displayed as pseudo sections and inverted resistivity section in the form of colour shaded contour maps. The inverse resistivity model images indicate that at a lateral extent in the range (15.00-21.00) m and (33.00-39.00) m, anomalies suspected to be gravel mixed with sand is in place with resistivities of about (254.00-948.00) Ωm. From the geologic section we can infer that a geological formation is observed at a lateral position of (27.00-32.00) m of resistivity in the range (90.00-93.00) Ωm. This structure is inferred to be a clay pocket. The sandy nature of the formation requires that underground water development be sought for at (9.00-15.00) m over a depth (2.30-8.00) m in the sandy environment. Results of 2D resistivity imaging has helped to delineate the lithology which comprise mainly of; sand, sandy clay, clayey sand depositional environment. The resistivity of these lithology falls in the range (90.00-93.00) Ωm with depth to formation of about (2.30-6.00) m.

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Subsurface Investigation Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging for Proposed Industrial Site near Erbil-Kirkuk Borders, Northern Iraq

Iraqi Geological Journal ◽

10.46717/igj.54.2e.14ms-2021-11-30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (2E) ◽

pp. 198-209

Author(s):

Osamah Al-Saadi

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Geophysical Methods ◽

Electrode Spacing ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

Industrial Site ◽

Near Surface ◽

Running Water ◽

Resistivity Imaging ◽

Clastic Rocks ◽

Industry Area

The friendly-environment geophysical methods are commonly used in various engineering and near-surface environmental investigations. Electrical Resistivity Imaging technique was used to investigate the subsurface rocks, sediments properties of a proposed industrial site to characterize the lateral and vertical lithological changes. via the electrical resistivity, to give an overview about the karst, weak and robust subsoil zones. Nineteen 2D ERI profiles using Wenner array with 2 m electrode spacing have been applied to investigate the specific industry area. One of these profiles has been conducted with one-meter electrode spacing. The surveyed profiles are divided into a number of blocks, each block consists of several parallel profiles in a specific direction. The positions of Electrical Resistivity Imaging profiles in the project area have been determined according to a preliminary subject plan from the civil engineers for factory foundation constructions and proposed locations of heavy machines. The inversion results of profiles showed that areas of blocks A, B, C, and D consist mainly of clastic rocks and sediments, e.g., claystone, siltstone and sandstone. The Electrical Resistivity Imaging inversion sections of blocks A, B, C, and D do not show any indication of cavitation or weak zones of sizes more than 2.0 meters, and no signs of gypsum bodies are found in these areas in general. Gypsum bodies are probably detected at block E, the southern part of the study area. The researchers recommended to keep these rocks in block E away from the continuous running water to avoid cavitation. Furthermore, the construction of heavy machines should keep away from this part of the study area to avoid to some extent, subsoil failure and subsidence in the future. Middle and Northern parts are more consistent to the constructions and factory foundations.

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Application of 2D electrical resistivity imaging and cone penetration test (CPT) to assess the harzadous effect of near surface water on foundations in Lagos Nigeria

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/852/1/012033 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 852 ◽

pp. 012033

Author(s):

O O Adewoyin ◽

E O Joshua ◽

M L Akinyemi ◽

M Omeje ◽

E S Joel

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Surface Water ◽

Cone Penetration Test ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

Penetration Test ◽

Cone Penetration ◽

Near Surface ◽

Resistivity Imaging

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Forensic Assessment on Near Surface Landslide Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) at Kenyir Lake Area in Terengganu, Malaysia

Procedia Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.354 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. 434-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mohd Hazreek Zainal Abidin ◽

Aziman Madun ◽

Saiful Azhar Ahmad Tajudin ◽

Mohd Fakhrurrazi Ishak

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Forensic Assessment ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

Lake Area ◽

Near Surface ◽

Resistivity Imaging

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3D electrical resistivity imaging of the near-surface structure of mud-volcano vents

Tectonophysics ◽

10.1016/j.tecto.2011.05.007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 509 (3-4) ◽

pp. 181-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hermann Zeyen ◽

Marc Pessel ◽

Béatrice Ledésert ◽

Ronan Hébert ◽

Danièle Bartier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Surface Structure ◽

Mud Volcano ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

Near Surface ◽

Resistivity Imaging

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Technical Note: Deciphering the Hydrologic Response of Riverbeds across Changes in Recharge with Electrical Resistivity Imaging

10.5194/hess-2018-133 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Weston J. Koehn ◽

Stacey E. Tucker-Kulesza ◽

David R. Steward

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Surface Water ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

High Plains ◽

High Plains Aquifer ◽

Arkansas River ◽

Alluvial Deposits ◽

Near Surface ◽

Resistivity Imaging

Abstract. The fluxes between groundwater and surface water play a significant role in quantifying water balance along stream reaches to continent scales. Changes in these dynamics are occurring due to aquifer depletion, where river flow from predevelopment baseflow conditions with groundwater to surface water have evolved to enhanced recharge through streambeds of ephemeral flows to groundwater. This problem is studied along the Arkansas River in Western Kansas across a stream reach that transitions from near equilibrium of fluxes to a losing river that contributes recharge to a depleting High Plains Aquifer. Existing hydrologic data illustrates the lack of understanding they provide related to the control of fluxes exerted by alluvial deposits. We employ electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) along this river transect to elucidate the intricate pathways of hydrologic connectivity existing between the Arkansas River and underlying Arkansas Alluvial and Ogallala Aquifers. Time-lapse ERI profiles quantify the temporal changes in resistivity across the riverbed, and these changes are associated with the distribution of soil physical properties and hydrologic conditions below the water-sediment interface. Results utilize a recently discovered vadose zone property whereby fine grained inclusions may become revealed by their different water holding capacity relative to that of a surrounding matrix of coarser grained soil across changes in recharge (caused by changes in stream discharge). These findings corroborate the role of large-scale geologic features in maintaining streamflow in regions of near-surface impermeable layers, and the localized recharge that occurs to the High Plains Aquifer through embedded assemblages of fine and coarse grained soils.

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Two‐ and three‐dimensional electrical resistivity imaging at a heterogeneous remediation site

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1759453 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 674-680 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Laurence R. Bentley ◽

Mehran Gharibi

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

Resistivity Imaging ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Conductivity Anomalies ◽

Forward And Inverse Modeling ◽

2D Resistivity ◽

Improve Cost ◽

Sour Gas

Geometrically complex heterogeneities at a decommissioned sour gas plant could not be adequately characterized with drilling and 2D electrical resistivity surveys alone. In addition, 2D electrical resistivity imaging profiles produced misleading images as a result of out‐of‐plane resistivity anomalies and violation of the 2D assumption. Accurate amplitude and positioning of electrical conductivity anomalies associated with the subsurface geochemical distribution were required to effectively analyze remediation alternatives. Forward and inverse modeling and field examples demonstrated that 3D resistivity images were needed to properly reconstruct the amplitude and geometry of the complex resistivity anomalies. Problematic 3D artifacts in 2D images led to poor inversion fits and spurious conductivity values in the images at depths close to the horizontal offset of the off‐line anomaly. Three‐dimensional surveys were conducted with orthogonal sets of Wenner and dipole–dipole 2D resistivity survey lines. The 3D inversions were used to locate source zones and zones of elevated ammonium. Thus, conducting 3D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) surveys early in the site characterization process will improve cost effectiveness at many remediation sites.

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Application of Geoelectric Methods for Groundwater Depths in Igbogbo, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria

Journal of Scientific Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jsrr/2020/v26i530261 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 62-70

Author(s):

Rasheed Segun Lawal ◽

Salami Muyideen Kolawole ◽

Suleiman Taufiq ◽

Sanusi O. Ramon

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Electrode Configuration ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

Depth Range ◽

Geophysical Investigation ◽

Clayey Sand ◽

Resistivity Imaging ◽

Sandy Clay ◽

Dry Sand ◽

Geoelectric Layer

This paper presents the result of the geophysical investigation carried out at Igbogbo Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria. The geophysical investigation was done using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and 2D electrical resistivity imaging techniques, with the aim of accessing the groundwater potential and delineate the subsurface layers of the study area. A total of twenty-four (24) VES were conducted at different points along four (4) traverses using Schlumberger electrode configuration with half-current electrode spread (AB/2) varying from 1 to 270 m. In the 2D electrical resistivity imaging, Wenner electrode configuration was adopted. Geoelectric sections made from the sounding curves revealed three geoelectric layers with resistivity values ranging from 53Ωm to 764 Ωm. These resistivity ranges were lithologically inferred to be topsoil, sand and sandy-clay, clayey-sand, dry-sand with corresponding Q, H and K – curve type. The first geoelectric layer represent the topsoil with resistivity values varying from 117 Ωm to 825 Ωm and thickness of 1.0 m to 2.0 m, the aquiferous unit was represented as the second geoelectric layer composed of sand with electrical resistivity values ranging from 130 Ωm to 238Ωm with thickness of 12.8 m to 30.7 m having a depth of 14.1 m to 31.8 m, while the third geoelectric layer represent sandy-clay, clayey-sand and dry-sand with resistivity values from 53 Ωm to 764 Ωm. The geophysical results shows that good aquifer unit is located in the sand layer of the study area with a depth range of 14.1 m to 31.8 m.

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