Subsurface Investigation Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging for Proposed Industrial Site near Erbil-Kirkuk Borders, Northern Iraq

The friendly-environment geophysical methods are commonly used in various engineering and near-surface environmental investigations. Electrical Resistivity Imaging technique was used to investigate the subsurface rocks, sediments properties of a proposed industrial site to characterize the lateral and vertical lithological changes. via the electrical resistivity, to give an overview about the karst, weak and robust subsoil zones. Nineteen 2D ERI profiles using Wenner array with 2 m electrode spacing have been applied to investigate the specific industry area. One of these profiles has been conducted with one-meter electrode spacing. The surveyed profiles are divided into a number of blocks, each block consists of several parallel profiles in a specific direction. The positions of Electrical Resistivity Imaging profiles in the project area have been determined according to a preliminary subject plan from the civil engineers for factory foundation constructions and proposed locations of heavy machines. The inversion results of profiles showed that areas of blocks A, B, C, and D consist mainly of clastic rocks and sediments, e.g., claystone, siltstone and sandstone. The Electrical Resistivity Imaging inversion sections of blocks A, B, C, and D do not show any indication of cavitation or weak zones of sizes more than 2.0 meters, and no signs of gypsum bodies are found in these areas in general. Gypsum bodies are probably detected at block E, the southern part of the study area. The researchers recommended to keep these rocks in block E away from the continuous running water to avoid cavitation. Furthermore, the construction of heavy machines should keep away from this part of the study area to avoid to some extent, subsoil failure and subsidence in the future. Middle and Northern parts are more consistent to the constructions and factory foundations.

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Internal structure of two alpine rockglaciers investigated by quasi-3D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI)

10.5194/tc-2016-135 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Adrian Emmert ◽

Christof Kneisel

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Internal Structure ◽

Geophysical Methods ◽

Swiss Alps ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

Active Layer Thickness ◽

Ground Ice ◽

Resistivity Imaging ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ice Content

Abstract. Interactions between different formative processes are reflected in the internal structure of rockglaciers. Its detection can therefore help to enhance our understanding of landform development. For an assessment of subsurface conditions, we present an analysis of the spatial variability of active layer thickness, ground ice content and frost table topography at two different rockglacier sites in the Eastern Swiss Alps by means of quasi-3D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI). This approach enables an extensive mapping of subsurface structures and hence the performance of a spatial overlay between site-specific surface und subsurface characteristics. At Nair rockglacier, we discovered a gradual descent of the frost table in a downslope direction and a homogenous decrease of ice content which follows the observed surface topography. This is attributed to ice formation by refreezing meltwater from an embedded snowbank or from a subsurface ice patch which reshapes the permafrost layer. The heterogeneous ground ice distribution at Uertsch rockglacier indicates that multiple processes on different time domains were involved in rockglacier development. Resistivity values which represent frozen conditions vary within a wide range and indicate a successive formation which includes several rockglacier advances, past glacial overrides and creep processes on the rockglacier surface. In combination with the observed rockglacier topography, quasi-3D ERI enables us to delimit areas of extensive and compressive flow in close proximity. Excellent data quality was provided by a good coupling of electrodes to the ground in the pebbly material of the investigated rockglaciers. Results show the value of the quasi-3D ERI approach but advice the application of complementary geophysical methods for interpreting the results.

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Application of 2D electrical resistivity imaging and cone penetration test (CPT) to assess the harzadous effect of near surface water on foundations in Lagos Nigeria

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/852/1/012033 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 852 ◽

pp. 012033

Author(s):

O O Adewoyin ◽

E O Joshua ◽

M L Akinyemi ◽

M Omeje ◽

E S Joel

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Surface Water ◽

Cone Penetration Test ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

Penetration Test ◽

Cone Penetration ◽

Near Surface ◽

Resistivity Imaging

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Forensic Assessment on Near Surface Landslide Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) at Kenyir Lake Area in Terengganu, Malaysia

Procedia Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.354 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. 434-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mohd Hazreek Zainal Abidin ◽

Aziman Madun ◽

Saiful Azhar Ahmad Tajudin ◽

Mohd Fakhrurrazi Ishak

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Forensic Assessment ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

Lake Area ◽

Near Surface ◽

Resistivity Imaging

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3D electrical resistivity imaging of the near-surface structure of mud-volcano vents

Tectonophysics ◽

10.1016/j.tecto.2011.05.007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 509 (3-4) ◽

pp. 181-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hermann Zeyen ◽

Marc Pessel ◽

Béatrice Ledésert ◽

Ronan Hébert ◽

Danièle Bartier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Surface Structure ◽

Mud Volcano ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

Near Surface ◽

Resistivity Imaging

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Technical Note: Deciphering the Hydrologic Response of Riverbeds across Changes in Recharge with Electrical Resistivity Imaging

10.5194/hess-2018-133 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Weston J. Koehn ◽

Stacey E. Tucker-Kulesza ◽

David R. Steward

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Surface Water ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

High Plains ◽

High Plains Aquifer ◽

Arkansas River ◽

Alluvial Deposits ◽

Near Surface ◽

Resistivity Imaging

Abstract. The fluxes between groundwater and surface water play a significant role in quantifying water balance along stream reaches to continent scales. Changes in these dynamics are occurring due to aquifer depletion, where river flow from predevelopment baseflow conditions with groundwater to surface water have evolved to enhanced recharge through streambeds of ephemeral flows to groundwater. This problem is studied along the Arkansas River in Western Kansas across a stream reach that transitions from near equilibrium of fluxes to a losing river that contributes recharge to a depleting High Plains Aquifer. Existing hydrologic data illustrates the lack of understanding they provide related to the control of fluxes exerted by alluvial deposits. We employ electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) along this river transect to elucidate the intricate pathways of hydrologic connectivity existing between the Arkansas River and underlying Arkansas Alluvial and Ogallala Aquifers. Time-lapse ERI profiles quantify the temporal changes in resistivity across the riverbed, and these changes are associated with the distribution of soil physical properties and hydrologic conditions below the water-sediment interface. Results utilize a recently discovered vadose zone property whereby fine grained inclusions may become revealed by their different water holding capacity relative to that of a surrounding matrix of coarser grained soil across changes in recharge (caused by changes in stream discharge). These findings corroborate the role of large-scale geologic features in maintaining streamflow in regions of near-surface impermeable layers, and the localized recharge that occurs to the High Plains Aquifer through embedded assemblages of fine and coarse grained soils.

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2-D Electrical Resistivity Imaging Survey for Lithological Assessment at Igwete Primary School, Amai, South-South Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v25i5.21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 823-827

Author(s):

V.C. Enebeli ◽

C.N. Okorafor ◽

R.E. Kolagbodi

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Primary School ◽

Electrode Array ◽

Lateral Position ◽

Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽

Clayey Sand ◽

Near Surface ◽

Resistivity Imaging ◽

Lateral Extent ◽

2D Resistivity

Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) is a useful near-surface imaging technique, which mainly include data acquisition, numerical modelling and tomographic inversion. Within the study area, only one – dimensional (1-D) Electrical Resistivity survey has been carried out for Geophysical investigations. Therefore, 2-D ERI survey was carried out at the Igwete Primary School, Amai to provide electrical picture of the subsurface from which discrete bodies and lithology are better revealed vertically and in lateral extent. The 2-D ERT survey data were acquired using the Petrozenith Earth Resistivity meter while employing the Wenner electrode array. The 2-D apparent resistivity data were inverted to obtain true resistivities of the subsurface using res2dinv software running on personal computer. The subsurface resistivity models were displayed as pseudo sections and inverted resistivity section in the form of colour shaded contour maps. The inverse resistivity model images indicate that at a lateral extent in the range (15.00-21.00) m and (33.00-39.00) m, anomalies suspected to be gravel mixed with sand is in place with resistivities of about (254.00-948.00) Ωm. From the geologic section we can infer that a geological formation is observed at a lateral position of (27.00-32.00) m of resistivity in the range (90.00-93.00) Ωm. This structure is inferred to be a clay pocket. The sandy nature of the formation requires that underground water development be sought for at (9.00-15.00) m over a depth (2.30-8.00) m in the sandy environment. Results of 2D resistivity imaging has helped to delineate the lithology which comprise mainly of; sand, sandy clay, clayey sand depositional environment. The resistivity of these lithology falls in the range (90.00-93.00) Ωm with depth to formation of about (2.30-6.00) m.

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