Effects of Potassium Sorbate and Natamycin on Growth and Penicillic Acid Production by Aspergillus ochraceus1

Potassium sorbate at 500, 1000 and 1500 μg/ml delayed initiation of growth and sporulation by Aspergillus ochraceus 0L24 in yeast extract-sucrose (YES) broth at 15°C, 25°C and 35°C. At 25°C, sporulation and growth were more rapid. Potassium sorbate at 500 μg/ml resulted in an increase in mycelial weight, but at 1000 and 1500 μg/ml the mycelial mass was decreased. Potassium sorbate also reduced or prevented production of penicillic acid, especially at 15 and 35°C. Natamycin at 1, 10 and 20 μg/ml delayed initiation of growth and sporulation in YES broth. At 20 μg of natamycin/ml, mycelial growth was inhibited by 80 to 100% and penicillic acid production was completely inhibited. Growth and penicillic acid production on olive paste by A. ochraceus in the presence of potassium sorbate and natamycin showed that sorbate at 1500, 3000, and 6000 μg/g delayed growth and sporulation. Also, the extent of growth was greatly reduced by 3000 and 6000 μg of potassium sorbate/g. Penicillic acid production was reduced over the control at all the potassium sorbate levels. At 6000 μg of sorbate/g, no penicillic acid was detected after 21 d of incubation. Natamycin at 85, 175, and 350 μg/g delayed growth and sporulation by A. ochraceus on olive paste. Increasing levels of natamycin resulted in decreased growth. Production of penicillic acid was also decreased by natamycin, 350 μg of natamycin/g decreased penicillic acid production by 96%.

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Effects of Potassium Sorbate on Growth and Ochratoxin Production by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium Species1,2

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-48.2.162 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 162-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

LLOYD B. BULLERMAN

Keyword(s):

Yeast Extract ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

The Other ◽

Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽

Potassium Sorbate ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Mycelial Mass ◽

Germination And Growth ◽

Yeast Extract Sucrose

Effects of potassium sorbate on growth and ochratoxin production by Aspergillus ochraceus NRRL 3174 and Penicillium sp. isolated from cheese were studied. Potassium sorbate at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% delayed or prevented spore germination and initiation of growth, and decreased the rate of growth of both organisms in yeast-extract sucrose (YES) broth at 12°C. However, at 25°C germination and growth of A. ochraceus was more rapid. Increasing concentrations of sorbate caused more variation in the amount of total mycelial growth of Penicillium sp. and generally resulted in a decrease in total mycelial mass. Potassium sorbate also greatly reduced or prevented production of ochratoxin by Penicillium sp. for up to 70 d at 12°C. At 0.05 and 0.10% sorbate, ochratoxin production was greatly reduced over the control, and was eliminated at 0.15%. Overall, ochratoxin production by Penicillium sp. in the presence of sorbate was very low or eliminated. On the other hand, A. ochraceus responded somewhat differently to sorbate. At 12°C, A. ochraceus was similarly inhibited by all three levels of sorbate, and did not produce ochratoxin. When incubated at 25°C, A. ochraceus grew quite readily and appeared to produce greater amounts of ochratoxin in the presence of sorbate, especially at the 0.05% level. Considerably higher levels of ochratoxin were produced at 0.05% sorbate than the control, and somewhat higher levels were obtained at 0.10 and 0.15% sorbate.

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Effects of Potassium Sorbate on Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus1

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-46.11.940 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 46 (11) ◽

pp. 940-942 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

LLOYD B. BULLERMAN

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Yeast Extract ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽

Aflatoxin Production ◽

Potassium Sorbate ◽

Mycelial Mass ◽

Yeast Extract Sucrose

Growth and aflatoxin production by selected strains of Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus in the presence of potassium sorbate at 12°C were studied. Potassium sorbate at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% delayed or prevented spore germination and initiation of growth, and slowed growth of these organisms in yeast-extract sucrose broth at 12°C. Increasing concentrations of sorbate caused more variation in the amount of total mycelial growth and generally resulted in a decrease in total mycelial mass. Potassium sorbate also greatly reduced or prevented production of aflatoxin B1 by A. parasiticus and A. flavus for up to 70 d at 12°C. At 0.10 and 0.15% of sorbate, aflatoxin production was essentially eliminated. A 0.05% sorbate, aflatoxin production was greatly decreased in A. flavus over the control, but only slightly decreased in A. parasiticus.

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Effects of potassium sorbate on growth and penicillic acid production by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium aurantiogriseum

Zentralblatt für Mikrobiologie ◽

10.1016/s0232-4393(11)80124-1 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 148 (5) ◽

pp. 343-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Garza ◽

R. Canela ◽

I. Viñas ◽

V. Sanchis

Keyword(s):

Acid Production ◽

Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽

Potassium Sorbate ◽

Penicillic Acid ◽

Penicillium Aurantiogriseum

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Antifungal Activity and Aflatoxin Degradation of Bifidobacterium Bifidum and Lactobacillus Fermentum Against Toxigenic Aspergillus Parasiticus

The Open Microbiology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874285801610010197 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 197-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Roshanak Daie Ghazvini ◽

Ebrahim Kouhsari ◽

Ensieh Zibafar ◽

Seyed Jamal Hashemi ◽

Abolfazl Amini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽

Aflatoxin Production ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽

Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽

Inhibition Rate ◽

Plate Method ◽

Mycelial Mass ◽

Yeast Extract Sucrose

Food and feedstuff contamination with aflatoxins (AFTs) is a serious health problem for humans and animals, especially in developing countries. The present study evaluated antifungal activities of two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against growth and aflatoxin production of toxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus. The mycelial growth inhibition rate of A. parasiticus PTCC 5286 was investigated in the presence of Bifidobacterium bifidum PTCC 1644 and Lactobacillus fermentum PTCC 1744 by the pour plate method. After seven days incubation in yeast extract sucrose broth at 30°C, the mycelial mass was weighed after drying. The inhibitory activity of LAB metabolites against aflatoxin production by A. parasiticus was evaluated using HPLC method. B. bifidum and L. fermentum significantly reduced aflatoxin production and growth rate of A. parasiticus in comparison with the controls (p≤0.05). LAB reduced total aflatoxins and B1, B2, G1 and G2 fractions by more than 99%. Moreover, LAB metabolites reduced the level of standard AFB1, B2, G1 and G2 from 88.8% to 99.8% (p≤0.05). Based on these findings, B. bifidum and L. fermentum are recommended as suitable biocontrol agents against the growth and aflatoxin production by aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species.

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Effects of Potassium Sorbate on Growth and Patulin Production by Penicillium patulum and Penicillium roqueforti

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-47.4.312 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 312-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

LLOYD B. BULLERMAN

Keyword(s):

Incubation Period ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Potassium Sorbate ◽

Penicillium Roqueforti ◽

Potato Dextrose Broth ◽

Rate Of Growth ◽

Penicillium Patulum ◽

Mycelial Mass

The effects of potassium sorbate on growth and patulin production by strains of Penicillium patulum and Penicillium roqueforti isolated from cheese were studied. Potassium sorbate at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% delayed or prevented spore germination and initiation of growth, and decreased the rate of growth of P. patulum in potato dextrose broth at 12°C. Increasing concentrations of sorbate caused more variation in the amount of total mycelial growth of P. patulum than in the control, and generally resulted in a decrease in total mycelial mass. Potassium sorbate also greatly reduced or prevented the production of patulin by P. patulum for up to 70 d at 12°C. At 0.10% potassium sorbate, patulin production was essentially eliminated, but at 0.15% low and variable amounts of patulin were produced late in the incubation period. At 0.05% potassium sorbate, patulin production was greatly decreased over the control. Overall, patulin production by P. patulum in the presence of potassium sorbate was very low and variable. Conversely, P. roqueforti responded differently to potassium sorbate, being less affected. At all three levels of potassium sorbate, growth of P. roqueforti was reduced and more variable than the control. Patulin production, however, was greater in the presence of potassium sorbate, especially at the 0.05% level.

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Bioproduction of ochratoxin A and penicillic acid by members of the Aspergillus ochraceus group

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m72-100 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 631-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Alex Ciegler

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Liquid Media ◽

Penicillic Acid ◽

Group A ◽

Fluorescent Derivatives

Various strains of species belonging to the Aspergillus ochraceus group (A. ochraceus, A. sclerotiorum, A. alliaceus, A. ostianus, A. melleus, and A. sulphureus) can produce two mycotoxins, ochratoxin A and penicillic acid, on liquid media and in cereal grains. The quantity of each toxin produced is influenced by temperature; low temperature (10 and 20C) favor penicillic acid synthesis and higher (28C), ochratoxin A production. Generally penicillic acid is produced in yields about one to three magnitudes greater than ochratoxin A. A simple fluorodensitometric method for concomitant quantitative analysis of the two toxins has been developed based on conversion of penicillic acid and ochratoxin A to fluorescent derivatives by treatment with ammonia fumes.

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Inhibition of Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi by Welsh Onion Extracts

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-62.4.414 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 414-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J. J. FAN ◽

J. H. CHEN

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Aflatoxin Production ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Welsh Onion ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

Ph Values ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Yeast Extract Sucrose

Welsh onion ethanol extracts were tested for their inhibitory activity against the growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The survival of spores of A. flavus and A. parasiticus depended on both the extract concentration and the exposure time of the spores to the Welsh onion extracts. The mycelial growth of two tested fungi cultured on yeast extract–sucrose broth was completely inhibited in the presence of the Welsh onion ethanol extract at a concentration of 10 mg/ml during 30 days of incubation at 25°C. The extracts added to the cultures also inhibited aflatoxin production at a concentration of 10 mg/ml or permitted only a small amount of aflatoxin production with extract concentration of 5 mg/ml after 2 weeks of incubation. Welsh onion ethanol extracts showed more pronounced inhibitory effects against the two tested aflatoxin-producing fungi than did the same added levels of the preservatives sorbate and propionate at pH values near 6.5.

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Preparation of 14C-Labeled Penicillic Acid with High Specific Activity and Yield

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-40.2.90 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 90-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

DOUGLAS L. PARK ◽

PHILIP B. MISLIVEC ◽

JAMES L. HEATH

Keyword(s):

Acid Production ◽

Specific Activity ◽

High Specific Activity ◽

High Yield ◽

Liquid Media ◽

Penicillic Acid ◽

Stationary Culture ◽

Radioactive Compound ◽

Growth Substrates ◽

Label Incorporation

14C-Labeled penicillic acid was produced by stationary culture incubation of Penicillium cyclopium (NRRL 1888) on a modified Raulin-Thom broth medium containing 14C-labeled acetate. Approximately 1.2 g of radioactive compound, with a specific activity of 23.0 μCi/mmole, was produced in 9 days in 1500 ml of the broth. Incorporation of the isotope into penicillic acid was 11. 9%. Production of the radiolabeled compound with high specific activity was achieved by correlating the monitoring of expired 14C-CO2 with production of penicillic acid during the fermentation. The effects of various growth substrates, pH, and incubation times on production of non-labeled penicillic acid also were investigated. Results show that sterile rice is an excellent substrate, that among liquid media examined, higher yields were obtained in stationary rather than in shake cultures, and that higher yields of penicillic acid were obtained at pH 3.5 or lower. Simultaneous monitoring of penicillic acid production and 14C-label incorporation is essential to detect and isolate a high yield of labeled compound with high specific activity.

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