Detection and Enumeration of Salmonella enteritidis in Fresh and Stored Eggs Laid by Experimentally Infected Hens

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD K. GAST ◽  
C. W. BEARD

Laying hens were orally inoculated with a phage type 13a strain of Salmonella enteritidis (SE). Eggs laid by the infected hens were collected daily between the 4th and 14th d postinoculation and randomly allocated into three groups. One group of eggs was sampled on the day of collection, one group was held for 7 d at 7.2°C before sampling, and one group was held for 7 d at 25°C before sampling. The frequency and level of detectable contamination of egg contents by SE were determined for each group. Only 3% of the freshly laid eggs and 4% of the eggs held for 7 d at refrigerator temperature were identified as having SE-contaminated contents, whereas SE was isolated from the contents of 16% of eggs held for 7 d at room temperature. Enumeration of SE in contaminated eggs indicated greater numbers of SE in eggs held for 7 d at 25°C than in eggs from the other two groups, although most contaminated eggs in all three groups contained relatively small numbers of SE (generally less than 10/ml and rarely exceeding 100/ml).

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD K. GAST ◽  
RUPA GURAYA ◽  
JEAN GUARD

The continuing attribution of human Salmonella Enteritidis infections to internally contaminated eggs has necessitated the commitment of substantial public and private resources to Salmonella Enteritidis testing and control programs in commercial laying flocks. Cost-effective risk-reduction requires a detailed and comprehensive understanding of how Salmonella Enteritidis infections in hens result in deposition of the pathogen inside eggs. The present study sought to resolve some incompletely defined aspects of the relationship between Salmonella Enteritidis oral-exposure dose levels in experimentally infected laying hens and the frequency and location of subsequent egg contamination. In two trials, groups of specific-pathogen-free hens were experimentally inoculated with oral doses of 104, 106, or 108 CFU of a phage type 4 Salmonella Enteritidis strain. Eggs were collected 5 to 23 days postinoculation, and the yolk and albumen of each egg were cultured separately to detect Salmonella Enteritidis contamination. Larger oral doses of Salmonella Enteritidis administered to hens were associated with significant increases in the frequencies of both yolk and albumen contamination. Moreover, Salmonella Enteritidis was found in the albumen of a far-higher proportion of contaminated eggs from hens given the largest dose than from the other two groups. Salmonella Enteritidis contamination was detected in 0.7% of yolk and 0.2% of albumen samples after inoculation of hens with 104 CFU, 4.0% of yolk and 1.7% of albumen samples after inoculation with 106 CFU, and 6.5% of yolk and 10.8% of albumen samples after inoculation with 108 CFU. These results demonstrate that oral-exposure doses of Salmonella Enteritidis for laying hens can significantly affect both the frequency and location of deposition of this pathogen inside eggs.


2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kinde ◽  
H. L. Shivaprasad ◽  
B. M. Daft ◽  
D. H. Read ◽  
A. Ardans ◽  
...  

1994 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Morgan ◽  
S. L. Mawer ◽  
P. L. Harman

SUMMARYA family outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis PT4 infection is described in which home-made ice cream was identified as the vehicle of infection. The ice cream contained approximately 105S. enteritidis PT4 organisms per gm and was probably contaminated by an infected shell egg containing between 105−108 organisms. The continued relevance of the Chief Medical Officer's warning on the use of raw shell eggs is highlighted.Home-made ice cream using the same recipe as ice cream that had been incriminated as the cause of the family outbreak of S. enteritidis PT4 infection was used to study the growth of the organism that might have occurred in the 3–4 h it took to prepare the product. When the inoculum was in the stationary phase, as it would be from shell or other cross contamination, there was a lag phase of 3 h before growth occurred at room temperature. Even when actively multiplying organisms were introduced, as may be found in an infected egg, there was less than 3 log10 increase in the salmonella count in 4 h at room temperature. It was, therefore, given the high S. enteritidis count, unlikely that the ice cream was cross-contaminated.By contrast, raspberry sorbet at pH 3·73 proved to be lethal to a large inoculum of S. enteritidis and may be a relatively safe raw egg containing product.


1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Humphrey ◽  
A. Baskerville ◽  
S. Mawer ◽  
B. Rowe ◽  
S. Hopper

SUMMARYTwo small flocks of egg-laying hens, naturally infected with Salmonella enteritidis. were housed in individual cages so that their eggs could be identified. During a longitudinal study where the contents of 1119 eggs were examined, 11 were positive for S. enteritidis. One isolate was phage type (PT) 33 the others were PT4. The production of infected eggs was clustered though intermittent. The positive eggs. which were produced by 10 of the 35 hens, were all found to contain fewer than 10 salmonellas. Some birds were also apparently carrying S. hadar PT14 as this organism was isolated from the contents of six Cracked eggs.


1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Cowden ◽  
D. Chisholm ◽  
M. O'Mahony ◽  
D. Lynch ◽  
S. L. Mawer ◽  
...  

SUMMARYIn 1988 there were two outbreaks of infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in adjacent local authorities. The first affected 18 of 75 helpers and guests who attended a private function. Investigations revealed that home-made vanilla ice-cream containing uncooked eggs was the vehicle of infection and the causative organism was identified at the premises of the egg producer. The second affected 84 of 422 delegates attending a conference dinner, and 12 of 50 hotel staff at risk. A dessert made with lightly-cooked egg yolk and raw egg white was associated with infection, and the epidemic strain was cultured from the shell of an egg and an environmental sample from the producer's farm. It is of interest that one outbreak involved free-range and one battery-produced eggs, and that in one the vehicle was prepared at home and in the other in commercial premises. In neither incident was any deficiency in standards of egg production or catering practice discovered.


1993 ◽  
Vol 132 (16) ◽  
pp. 407-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Humphrey ◽  
A. Baskerville ◽  
A. Whitehead ◽  
B. Rowe ◽  
A. Henley

1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (18) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baskerville ◽  
T. Humphrey ◽  
R. Fitzgeorge ◽  
R. Cook ◽  
H. Chart ◽  
...  

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