The economy in the fifteenth century: preconditions for European expansion

2006 ◽  
pp. 17-41
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
European Expansion

scholarly journals Studying Creolisation in Household Archaeology: Comparing Approaches of Archaeological Analysis in Spanish and Russian Settlements in the New World

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Maier
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Household Archaeology ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Archaeological Analysis

European expansion in the New World during the fifteenth century created inter-­‐ethnic households and relationships, which led to the creation of newly creolised and distinct cultures. Inter-­‐ethinic relationships also lead to retention of culture, for both First Nations peoples and Europeans as well. Specifically focusing on Russian and Spanish settlements in North America, this paper examines creolisation by studying the household archaeologically to determine the daily activities of creole cultures, First Nations peoples, and European settlers. 

Japanese Immigration into Latin America: A Survey

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Tigner
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The West ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Japanese Immigration ◽  
West European ◽  
Conquest Of Mexico

The early relations of Latin America and Japan, representing a distinct chapter in the discovery of East Asia by the West, are attributable to the initial thrust of West European expansion beginning in the late fifteenth century, led by Portugal and Spain. Magellan claimed the Philippines for Spain in 1521, and following the conquest of Mexico, and later Peru, Spain sought to establish a trans-Pacific route for communication and commerce. The conquest of the Philippines, carried on from 1565 to 1571 under the leadership of Miguel López de Legaspi, foreshadowed the beginning of the Manila-Acapulco trade, which was subsequently carried on until 1815. In 1606 there were 3,000 Japanese colonists in Manila, and 15,000 in Dilao, which included Manila. Some Japanese, as well as Chinese, served as crew members on the Spanish galleons, and it is probable that these Japanese were the first in recorded history to reach the Americas (Ishii, 1937: 88; Bradley, 1942: 11; Meskill et al., 1971: 74-86; Schurz, 1939: 99-128).

Malagasy at the Mascarenes: Publishing in a Servile Vernacular before the French Revolution

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier M. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
African Languages ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Language Studies

European expansion from the fifteenth century produced much writing on, and sometimes in, non-European languages that served a broad array of imperial interests. Most European ventures into what one scholar has termed “colonial linguistics” were based on investigations among speakers of native tongues in the regions in which those speakers normally resided, twining language studies with observed “native” cultural qualities and setting out territories of colonial interest defined by local language and culture. Fewer colonial linguists ventured into plural societies to study the linguae francae of trade and labor that enabled communication across broad cultural and language differences, in part because such zones were considered dangerous and unstable, or lacking in mother tongues. Fewer still elected destinations of forced migration such as slave societies or freedmen's towns and villages to examine the mother tongues of persons who had come coercively from afar, though many such settings in certain periods offered a rich menu of languages for study. Those interested in the linguistic characteristics of slave societies tended to concern themselves more with the emerging European creoles, languages they could more easily understand than the native tongues of slaves or the contact languages of non-European provenance that sometimes coexisted with or preceded widespread use of European creole speeches in such locations. Today, most linguistic studies in the former slave colonies are focused exclusively on European creoles. Even recent monographs on African culture in the Americas only mention the speaking of African languages in passing, though language is a fundamental element of culture and linked in key ways to the continuity of ethnic ideas and practices. Together with the relative paucity of colonial documentation on slaves' lives and languages, the sited and topical hierarchy of colonial linguistics continues to powerfully structure historical studies of language in the former slave colonies.

scholarly journals The expanding and deepening scope of historical archaeology

Antiquity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (363) ◽  
pp. 819-821
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Mrozowski
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Medieval Archaeology ◽  
Forward Looking

2017 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of both the Society for Historical Archaeology, in North America, and the Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology, in the UK. Each society celebrated this milestone by publishing a collection of forward-looking essays in their respective journals (see Brooks 2016; Matthews 2016). Although each group of practitioners has followed what might be best described as parallel, but not convergent, intellectual tracks, what they have shared is a common focus on the period of European expansion and colonialism starting in the late fifteenth century. Since that time, the two fields have grown much closer, while the larger intellectual project that is historical archaeology has seen its popularity grow across the globe. In many respects, these three volumes, while different, nevertheless provide a rich collection of chapters that reveal both the widening and deepening of the field.

Evidence for a Luso-African Identity in “Portuguese” Accounts on “Guinea of Cape Verde” (Sixteenth-Seventeenth Centuries)

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 99-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
José da Silva Horta
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Expansion Process ◽  
African Identity ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Santiago Island

Portugal and Western Africa have built a common history since the middle of the fifteenth century. In this century the Portuguese maritime expansion was a pioneer movement within the European expansion process. It established an uninterrupted connection between societies that had never met before. After a short period of Portuguese warlike activities (1436-48), the African resistance to enslavement, inter alia, forced a radical change of strategy. By 1460 the Portuguese had explored the western African coast as far as the present Sierra Leone, and had begun to establish with African societies a fairly peaceful relationship founded on mutual trade interests. Within this context, Christianity, although it might be faced in a different way by each culture, constituted a common “language,” a path to find approaching ground and fulfil reciprocal needs.From the beginning, the Portuguese Crown attempted to establish a monopoly on the European coastal and riverine activities, an attempt that was progressively challenged, in loco, by the French, the English and the Dutch, during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. But the State interests were also challenged by illegal private traders that came both from the Iberian Peninsula and Santiago Island and had their own agents in Guinea.The geographical basis for trade activities (legal and illegal) were, at least until the 1560s, the Cape Verde islands, which were discovered ca. 1460-1462. Trade—together with the strategic value of the archipelago to the Atlantic navigation—was the reason why the colonization of the main island, Santiago, began very early, in 1462, followed, at the end of the century, by Fogo island.

Christianity in Fifteenth-Century Iraq

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century
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