How Being Observed Influences Preschoolers’ Emotions Following (Less) Deserving Help

Children sometimes show positive emotions in response to seeing others being helped, yet it remains poorly understood whether there is a strategic value to such emotional expressions. Here, we investigated the influence seeing a peer receive deserving help or not on children’s emotions, which were assessed while the peer was present or not. To measure children’s emotional expression, we used a motion depth sensor imaging camera, which recorded children’s body posture. Five-year-old children (N = 122) worked on a task which yielded greater rewards for them compared to their peer, rendering the peer to be in greater need of help. An adult––who was unaware of the different levels of neediness––then either helped the child who had a lesser need for help (less deserving outcome) or helped the needier peer (deserving outcome). Overall, both children showed a lowered body posture, a more negative emotional expression, after not being helped and an elevated body posture, a more positive emotional expression, after being helped. Seeing their peer (less deservedly) not receive help, and to a lesser extent being observed, blunted children’s otherwise positive emotions in response to receiving help. These results are discussed in the broader theoretical context of how children’s emotions sometimes reflect their commitment to cooperative relationships with peers.

HRM in the Tourism Industry

This chapter aims to analyze the research from the last 20 years about human resources management in the tourism industry. The research question is: What are the contributions of the international publications on human resources management and tourism in the Web of Science and Scopus databases in the last two decades? In order to accomplish this goal, the research methodology will be a literature survey using the Scopus and WoS databases. To develop this research, first, it will be performed a literature review on HRM as strategic value, and also on the multiple perspectives of the concept of tourism. Moreover, it will be made state of the art on human resources management in the tourism industry. Furthermore, the results of the literature survey are presented. The main findings show that there is still a need for more production about human resources management in the tourism industry, which was based on the importance of one segment to the other, as well as the infinite possibilities of incremental actions that allow a mutual benefit between these two fields.

The Eastern Mediterranean in UAE Foreign Policy: Goals and Principles

The Eastern Mediterranean in recent years has become an arena of growing activity of regional states causing tensions among them. The importance of this region from political and military point of view combined with its strategic value in the world energy markets underpins the growing involvement of the UAE, a non-regional actor that lately has become deeply engaged in the regional agenda. Due to the fact that the UAE has taken up a quite active foreign policy course outside of its traditional Gulf circle only recently - with the Eastern Mediterranean becoming a new area of Emirati activities - the volume and scope of Russian and foreign research on this topic is rather limited. The existing works that in some way cover issues of the UAE foreign policy do not reflect the increasing influence of this small Gulf state in the Middle East and North Africa and beyond. For this reason, there is a need for complex research on the matter. This paper is based on analysis of existing works on topics related to some aspects of Emirati foreign policy and tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean, as well as analytical articles and statistics. The dramatically increased interest of the UAE in the Eastern Mediterranean is part of significant transformations in the monarchys foreign policy that have been taking place since early 2010s. These transformations manifest themselves in new goals and purposes of Emirati foreign policy, its expanding scale and new instruments for its implementation. Not only is the UAE policy in the Eastern Mediterranean consistent with its general goal of containing Turkey and fighting the threat of Islamism, but it is also a part of realizing Emirati global ambitions of becoming a leader in energy and logistics and ensuring its international status as an influential actor.

What Conservatives Value: Reply to Blackburn

In reply to Dean Blackburn’s ‘In the Shadows’, it is argued that the situated nature of the conservative ideology entails that its adherents cannot have a substantive set of shared values, but that their values will typically be a cultural inheritance. The epistemological element of conservatism may not be the most electorally salient in any concrete context, but has strategic value as the common element of conservatism most likely to support a public reason defence.

TURISMO IDIOMÁTICO: CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN Y VALOR ESTRATÉGICO EN DESTINOS CONSOLIDADOS

En el actual contexto de competencia, los destinos turísticos maduros necesitan desarrollar estrategias de diversificación que les permitan mantener su cuota de mercado e incrementar los beneficios de la actividad turística. Con esta investigación se pretende profundizar en el estudio del turismo idiomático como tipología diferenciada que precisa revisar su definición, componentes y funcionamiento, para entender su alcance. Su potencial valor estratégico se analizará tanto desde el punto de vista de su impacto en la imagen de los destinos como del beneficio económico que genera. In the current context of competition, consolidated destinations need to develop diversification strategies with the objective of maintaining their market share and increasing the benefits of tourism. This research aims to deepen the study of this differentiated form of tourism since its definition, components and operations need to be reviewed in order to understand its scope. In addition, its potential strategic value will be analysed from different perspectives such as destination image and economic benefit.

Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in Trilatel Cooperative Arrangement (Port visit Indomalphi 2017-2019)

The Sulu-Sulawesi Sea is a strategic trade route so that it becomes one of the policy priorities. Strategic value does not necessarily bring benefits, but also brings security threats such as piracy, piracy and kidnapping with a ransom demand. In an effort to overcome this, since 2017 the Trilateral Cooperative Arrangement in the Port Visit scheme has been built between the three countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of Port Visit cooperation and to analyze the Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in this cooperation. This research uses defense theory, strategy theory, and defense diplomacy theory. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis research method. The data collection carried out in this study used primary data through interviews and secondary data from a literature review of journals, books, reports, and internet-based sources. The Trilateral Port Visit Indomalphi cooperation is a response in dealing with transnational crimes in the Sulu-Sulawesi Sea area. With various series of activities, this cooperation plays an important role in efforts to maintain regional security and stability and provides the authority to maintain the safety of all Indonesian citizens as mandated by the law. The Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in the Indomalphi Port Visit is aimed at increasing mutual trust and military capacity in terms of coordination, communication and piracy capture training. Therefore, the defense diplomacy strategy in this study can be said to have fulfilled the two main characters of defense diplomacy, namely; defense diplomacy to build mutual trust (CBMs) and defense diplomacy to build defense capacity (CB).

Age-Friendly Community Practice: Understanding the Role of Community Events

To advance an emerging empirical knowledge base for age-friendly community initiatives (AFCIs), we conducted a qualitative descriptive study to explore one manifestation of age-friendly practice: community events (CEs). We aimed to illuminate how AFCI core teams describe CEs as part of their practice and how they perceive the value of CEs for age-friendly progress. Using inductive coding, we analyzed data from semi-structured interviews (n=24) with eight core teams across three time points spanning the early to mid-implementation phases of the AFCIs. Two predominant themes emerged. First, CEs were described as important for working toward age-friendly goals concerning older residents’ social participation and inclusion. Second, core teams described the longer-term strategic value of CEs, such as building interorganizational partnerships; providing deeper insight on aging in community; and fostering older adults’ leadership as part of the initiative. We discuss implications for advancing transdisciplinary program theory to guide more sustainable and effective AFCIs.

Structural capital and its importance for the intellectual capital of an organization

This article aims to confirm the thesis that structural capital (SC) is a framework for intellectual capital (IC) in an organization, which allows proper configuration of intangibles. Therefore, in the resource-based view, it determines its strategic character. Realizing such a goal, the author pays attention to the nature of relations and connections of individual components of IC, indicating that the SC is the key factor creating intangible assets of the organization as a source of gaining competitive advantage. The reason for taking up this issue is that, despite years of discussion in the field of IC, there are still unanswered questions concerning the management of an organization’s IC, especially its planning and development. The defined knowledge gap concerns the source of strategic characteristics of IC, which, according to the resources-based view, are its rarity, originality, and the inability to be substituted or copied. The ability to shape the strategic value of intangibles makes this source itself a strategic resource and identifying it can change the way we understand IC. To achieve the paper’s aim and fill the knowledge gap, the author asks whether SC can provide the characteristics of IC mentioned above and whether the strategic character of IC can be achieved independently of SC. The review and theoretical considerations are based on the analysis of the literature on IC and selected issues that are not directly related to IC, but of which the subject touches on the intangible assets commonly considered to be components of IC, such as the issue of functional stupidity, knowledge management, or resource theory. As a result of the analysis of features and characteristics of SC, the author concludes that SC is responsible for the efficient use of relational capital and human capital potential and thus is a strategic factor shaping IC as a source of achieved competitive advantage. The topic has important practical implications because by confirming the strategic role of SC, indicates the sources of effective creation of IC and its potential. The discussion also identifies directions for further research on this issue, especially the operationalization of IC and its analysis in organizations’ internal structures.

Does environmental proactivity make a difference? The critical roles of green operations and collaboration in GSCM

Purpose This paper aims to examine the complex links between environmental proactivity, collaboration with suppliers and customers, green operations and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach Based on a sample of 208 US companies, five main effects and two mediation effects were tested using structural equation modeling analysis. Findings This study reveals that environmental proactivity exerts positive effects on green operations and that collaboration mediates the above relationship. Further, green operations are a powerful driver of a firm’s economic and environmental performance. Findings also demonstrate the critical mediating role of green operations in linking collaboration with performance. Research limitations/implications This research contributes to a scholarly debate by offering novel insights into the extent to which proactivity improves firm performance may be influenced by multiple supply chain practices. To managers, this study highlights the strategic value of environmental proactivity as it fosters collaboration and green operations in boosting a firm’s environmental and economic performance. Originality/value This study addresses a gap in the literature by investigating the links between environmental proactivity, collaboration, green operations and corporate performance.

Strategic Value of Basin Analysis Teams in Exploration – Applications in Ukraine

A proven approach in exploration management is to establish multi-disciplinary Basin Analysis (BA) Teams that follow industry best practices and standardized procedures to deliver geologic risk assessments to both management and asset teams. Team members have the ability to provide a combination of specific technical expertise that is used to develop long-term foundation knowledge of basins and plays, but at the same time enables them to react to management and asset team requests for rapid assessments such as block and prospect risking/ranking and investigations of specific geologic challenges. In this paper, we review requirements for the establishment of successful Basin Analysis (BA) teams and provide examples of methodologies, strategies and technical workflows that are being applied to address exploration challenges in the three main exploration target areas in Ukraine, the Western Black Sea (WBS), the Dieper-Donets Basin (DDB) and the Carpathians are in Western Ukraine. For each of these target areas, we provide an example of a BA Team strategy that is followed to address specific exploration challenges. The application of industry standard best practices in exploration by a dedicated expert team and close cooperation with asset and technical teams within the organisation ensures that these engagements will make an important contribution to improve the efficiency and success rates of exploration activities in Ukraine.