Notes on P.Oxy. XXXII 2636 (Commentary to Pindar?)

This paper re-examines an anonymous commentary to two anonymous lyric texts (possibly by Pindar) preserved by P.Oxy. XXXII 2636. It offers a fresh critical text and apparatus, followed by exegetical notes on several passages. Parallels from Pindaric praise poetry allow a richer reconstruction of the original contents.

The Dawn of Maria Genta: Metrics, Textual Criticism and Interpretation in Roi Paez de Ribela B 1439 / V 1049

This article offers a new critical text of a cantiga d’escarnho by Roi Paez de Ribela along with an analysis of problems presented by the metrics, syntax, rhetoric and action of the poem.

Presidential Profanity in Duterte's Philippines: How Swearing Discursively Constructs a Populist Regime

Swearing in public discourse represents a contentious rhetorical feature of populist leaders’ transgressive politics. This paper argues that, beyond constituting merely “offensive” speech, swearing generatively accomplishes a host of discursive functions which contribute to the fortification of a populist regime. Taking populist President Duterte of the Philippines as a case in point, we utilize a critical text analytics approach to examine his use of profane language across a corpus of 746 of his public speeches. We find that Duterte discursively harnesses swear words to: (a) affirm vernacular identities with hostile humor, (b) claim outsider virtues against corrupt institutions, and (c) marshal insider force as the nation's sovereign leader. Swearing thus represents a rich discursive resource for populist leaders to navigate their contradictory positions as insiders and outsiders to political power, toward both public endearment and coercion of the nation's people. Our findings suggest the importance of critically examining language in relation to collective-level phenomena like populism and the utility of mixed methods approaches for enriching global psychologies of politics and language.

Ephraim of Ainos at work: a cycle of epigrams in the margins of Niketas Choniates

This article offers the first critical edition of a cycle of epigrams found in the margins of six manuscripts of Niketas Choniates’ History. This paper also proposes the attribution of the poems to Ephraim of Ainos, an author mainly known for his verse chronicle, which has Niketas Choniates as a source. Our poems occur in a group of manuscripts which we already knew Ephraim had used for his chronicle. Many formal parallels between the epigrams and the chronicle point to the same author and a book epigram connects one important manuscript with the city of Ainos. This paper reassesses the manuscript tradition of the epigrams with special emphasis on the marginalia of Niketas Choniates. The critical text of the poems is accompanied by two apparatuses and an English translation. The edition is preceded by some methodological considerations and followed by two appendices and three indices.

The Silent Prophet of the Muses: Text and Scene in Aesch. fr. 60 R.

Among the fragmentary plays of Aeschylus, the Lycurgeia has received particular attention from scholars in all periods, since it has been unanimously recognized as the literary archetype of the Dionysian tetralogy that inspired Euripides’ Bacchae. Handling the extant fragments nonetheless requires considerable effort, due to problems related to the citation technique employed by the testimonia as well as corruptions in the manuscript tradition over the course of the centuries. In this respect, one fragment (Aesch. fr. 60 R., test. schol. vet. Tr. Aristoph. Av. 276 a-b, II 3, 49 Holwerda + Suda μ1301 Adler) of Edonians, the first play of the tetralogy, is particularly difficult as a result of the apparently incurable corruption that afflicts it. Beginning from the textual assessment of Radt (TrGF III 181), the main purpose of this paper will be to shed new light on the editorial issues affecting this fragment, by offering both a fresh collation of the variant readings in the manuscripts of Aristophanes and a meticulous examination of the most significant conjectures by editors of Aeschylus. I offer a fresh critical text of the fragment, in an attempt to demonstrate how a more accurate evaluation of the manuscript tradition might help restore part of the (allegedly) genuine Aeschylean text. In addition, I undertake a broad examination of the most salient exegetical issues, along with a hypothetical reconstruction of the performance context of the fragment.

A chapter de interiectione in mss Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, Diez. B Sant. 66 and Paris, BnF, Lat. 7530

In 1971 Louis Holtz gave the editio princeps of a grammatical chapter about interjections, from the ms. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Lat. 7530 (=P), sec. VIIIex. (ff. 220v, 31 Sed illae in quibus exprimitur – 221, r, 18 aut uerentis ut pro pudor et reliqua). The paper brings a new witness, the ms. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, Diez. B Sant. 66 (=B), sec. VIIIex. (pp. 124, 19 +ConLECTIONES VOCUM – 125, 17 ut pro pudor et reliqua), provides a new critical text of the chapter with an Italian translation, analyses connections with the Anonymus ad Cuimnanum in <XXV> De interiectione and examines sources and parallels for the chapter.

Examining Catherine of Siena’s controversial discernments about papal politics

Catherine of Siena (1347–1380) contributed important wisdom to Christian spirituality on discernment, yet her own discernment regarding her engagement in papal politics has not been studied. From the perspective of Christian spirituality studies, this article examines the critical text of her letters in relationship with historical events to offer a description of the instances where Catherine’s discernment differed from that of others committed to a spiritual journey and to seeking the good of the church. Catherine’s view of God’s will regarding the papal interdict of Florence controverted that of several ecclesial leaders more likely to be right. Catherine’s advocacy for the crusade differed from the advice Birgitta of Sweden gave Gregory XI, advice corroborated by history. Two of Catherine’s spiritual mentors made decisions they discerned to be right regarding missions on which they were sent by the pope, whereas Catherine reproached them for these choices. Furthermore, Catherine was certain that the election of Urban VI had been blessed by God, whereas another saint considered Clement VII to be the true pope. The above analysis is followed by an examination of influences on Catherine’s experience of seeking and implementing God’s will, seeking to account for the divergence between her discernment and that of others. In conclusion, while Catherine was confident in her union with God and, therefore, God’s guidance, she was also influenced by her unbending beliefs about truth and by the manner these beliefs were conditioned by her personality and sociocultural context.Contribution: This article contributes to scholarship in Christian spirituality on the spirituality of Catherine of Siena and on discernment, studying Catherine of Siena’s discernment regarding papal politics where she differed from others whose discernment can be interpreted as more likely to be congruent with God’s will. The reasons for her controversial discernment are explored.

DIDACTIC CRITIQUE AND INNOVATION TEACHING: TOWARD AN LEARNER, CRITICAL AND CREATIVE

Critical text has been given great importance in teaching. The learners get tools to deal with, understand and analyse literature texts. Thus, they can evaluate these texts in an artistic way far from their personal point of view or other previous judgements. Despite the importance of the critique and its teaching in the Arabic language, it still has many obstacles in pedagogical level and so on. These obstacles make innovation teaching, feeling the beauty of style and the development of learners' thinking impossible and out of reach as long as there is still improvisation in didactic critique. Getting over difficulties in teaching critical text and achieving its goals is linked to providing conditions in terms of objectives or the nature of methodological reading. Critical text makes the reader, receiver and learner able to interpret the meaning and read between the lines through filling in the gaps and seeking the hidden meanings. This can only be achieved by using learner's experiences and the way he looks at the world.

«WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE YOURSELF?»: WRITER AND PUBLICIST YU.N. GOVORUHO-OTROK

Цель исследования заключается в анализе «художественно-публицистического единства» на материале совокупности работ Ю.Н. Говорухи-Отрока, осмыслявшего взгляды Вл. Соловьева. На основе изучения очерка «Господин Антихрист» и цикла из 26 публицистических статей, публиковавшихся в газете «Московские ведомости», устанавливается их единство с автономной моделью вымышленного мира, выстроенными образами автора и адресата, системой персонажей, а также общим конфликтом. Основное содержание исследования составляет изучение следующих аспектов циклизации: сюжет, или критическая ситуация, взаимодействие вымысла и документализма, формы авторского присутствия, характер диалогизации, приемы конструирования образа адресата. В работе выявлено, что фикциональная и критическая проза, объединенная образом автора, сюжетом и системой лейтмотивов, позволяет видеть в Говорухе-Отроке не только яркого журналиста и публициста своего времени, но и самостоятельного писателя. По исследуемой теме соотношения художественного и публицистического рассматривается новый материал из корпуса литературно-критических текстов автора. Очерковое произведение «Господин Антихрист» и цикл работ, осмысляющих эстетические и философские взгляды Вл. Соловьева, являются примером того, как комплекс малоизвестных, извлеченных в том числе из дореволюционной периодики текстов постепенно обнаруживает единство на формальном и содержательном уровнях. Практическая значимость статьи обусловлена возможностью использования ее результатов в трудах по теории и методике анализа литературно-критического текста. Ранее не привлекавшиеся для анализа тексты Говорухи-Отрока о философии Вл. Соловьева как единый комплекс обнаруживают синкретизм на уровне публицистических и художественных компонентов. The aim of the study is to analyze the «artistic and publicistic unity» based on the aggregate of works by Yu. Govorukho-Otrok, comprehending the views of Vl. Solovyov. Based on the study of the essay «Mister Antichrist» and a series of 26 articles published in the newspaper «Moskovskie vedomosti», their unity with the autonomous model of the fictional world, with the images of the author and the addressee, and with the system of characters, as well as with the general conflict is established. The main content of the research is the study of such aspects of cyclization as: a plot, or a critical situation, the interaction of fiction and documentary, forms of the author’s presence, the nature of dialogization, methods of constructing the addressee’s image. This work shows that fictional and critical prose, united by the image of the author, plot and system of leitmotifs, makes it possible to see in Govorukho-Otrok not only a bright journalist and publicist of his time, but also an independent writer. On the investigated topic of the relationship between the artistic and the journalistic, the author considers new material from the corpus of the author’s literary-critical texts. The essay «Mister Antichrist», in particular, and a cycle of works comprehending the aesthetic and philosophic views of Vl. Solovyov, in general, are an example of how the virtually unknown texts, some of them being extracted from pre-revolutionary periodicals, gradually reveal their formal and substantial unity. The practical significance of the article is obvious due to the possibility of using its results in works on the theory and methodology of the analysis of a literary critical text. The texts of Govorukho-Otrok, previously not used for analysis, reveal syncretism at the level of journalistic and artistic components.