Sex Differences in Styles of Conflict Resolution: A Developmental and Cross-Cultural Study with Data From Finland, Israel, Italy, and Poland

A theoretical Hierarchy of Human Relationships was constructed in terms of altruism. It was hypothesized that the probability for an actor A to perform an altruistic act to a person B depends on the relationship between A and B, and the probability decreases consistently in the following order of relationships: close relatives, best friends, strangers who are very weak or very young or who are elite in society, common strangers, and enemies. Two hypothetical dilemmas were used to study the sex differences in human relationships. Subjects were 400 English in London and 519 Chinese in Hong Kong. The general findings supported the proposed hierarchy of human relationships but the female subjects in both the English and Chinese samples were more altruistic than the male subjects.

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The Relationship Between Conflict Resolution Approaches and Trust—A Cross Cultural Study

Academy of Management Journal ◽

10.5465/256178 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 803-815

Author(s):

Jeremiah Sullivan ◽

Richard B. Peterson ◽

Naoki Kameda ◽

Justin Shimada

Keyword(s):

Conflict Resolution ◽

Cultural Study ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cross Cultural Study ◽

The Relationship

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Rural-Urban and Sex Differences in the Valuation of Fifty Activities a Cross-Cultural Study

International Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1080/00207597208247053 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 191-195

Author(s):

R. R. Borude ◽

C. G. Rajkarne ◽

T. A. De Souza ◽

D. S. Janbandhu

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Cultural Study ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cross Cultural Study

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A Cross-Cultural Study of Personality: Israel and England

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1985.57.1.111 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 111-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sybil B. G. Eysenck ◽

Orenia Yanai

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Cultural Study ◽

Social Desirability ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Personality Questionnaire ◽

Cross Cultural Study ◽

Cultural Comparisons

688 men and 362 women were given the 101-item version of the Adult Eysenck Personality Questionnaire which had been translated into Hebrew. Factor comparisons indicated that identical factors of Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Social Desirability were observed in Israeli data. Reliabilities were satisfactorily high for all factors except Psychoticism which was rather weak. Means showed the usual sex differences, with men scoring higher than women on Psychoticism and Extraversion but lower on Neuroticism and Lie scales. Cross-cultural comparisons of means, computed on reduced scoring keys containing only items in common, indicated that Israeli subjects (both sexes) scored higher than the British ones on Extraversion and Lie scales but lower on Psychoticism and Neuroticism scales.

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