An Overview of Measurement Issues in School Violence and School Safety Research

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill D. Sharkey ◽  
Erin Dowdy ◽  
Jennifer Twyford ◽  
Michael J. Furlong
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
Safety Research

Bullying, School Violence, and Climate in Evolving Contexts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Avi Astor ◽  
Rami Benbenisthty
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
New Research

Since 2005, the bullying, school violence, and school safety literatures have expanded dramatically in content, disciplines, and empirical studies. However, with this massive expansion of research, there is also a surprising lack of theoretical and empirical direction to guide efforts on how to advance our basic science and practical applications of this growing scientific area of interest. Parallel to this surge in interest, cultural norms, media coverage, and policies to address school safety and bullying have evolved at a remarkably quick pace over the past 13 years. For example, behaviors and populations that just a decade ago were not included in the school violence, bullying, and school safety discourse are now accepted areas of inquiry. These include, for instance, cyberbullying, sexting, social media shaming, teacher–student and student–teacher bullying, sexual harassment and assault, homicide, and suicide. Populations in schools not previously explored, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer students and educators and military- and veteran-connected students, become the foci of new research, policies, and programs. As a result, all US states and most industrialized countries now have a complex quilt of new school safety and bullying legislation and policies. Large-scale research and intervention funding programs are often linked to these policies. This book suggests an empirically driven unifying model that brings together these previously distinct literatures. This book presents an ecological model of school violence, bullying, and safety in evolving contexts that integrates all we have learned in the 13 years, and suggests ways to move forward.

School Violence to School Safety: Reframing the Issue for School Psychologists

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale M. Morrison ◽  
Michael J. Furlong ◽  
Richard L. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
School Safety

Race Differences in Youths’ Attitudes Toward Arming Teachers: Investigating the Role of Procedural Justice

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110466
Author(s):  
Faraneh Shamserad
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
School Violence ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Security ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
School Students ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Perceptions Of Fairness

Although school violence statistics indicate that schools are safe places, anxiety over school shootings continues to influence school safety reform to the extent that security measures in American public schools include the arming of schoolteachers. Furthermore, not only have youths’ perceptions of school security been relatively unexplored, existing research points to racial inequalities in the use of and the effects of school security practices. This study uses data from high school students across multiple school districts in a Midwestern county to examine how race and perceptions of fairness intersect to influence attitudes on arming teachers. The results suggest that, relative to White students, Black students are less supportive of arming teachers and anticipate greater decreases in safety if teachers are armed. In addition, perceptions of fairness mediate the effect of race on support and feelings of safety. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.

Preventing School Violence and Advancing School Safety

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-162
Author(s):  
Dewey Cornell ◽  
Brittany Crowley
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Supportive Relationships ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Behavioral Expectations

Schools are one of the safest places for young people, but high-profile cases of school shootings have driven schools to engage in reactive practices such as expensive security measures and zero tolerance discipline that have had unintended negative effects. More proactive practices are needed to prevent violence, with particular attention to the commonplace types of aggression such as bullying and harassment that have serious consequences for students and can be the seedbeds for more severe violence. Overall, schools should place greater emphasis on multitiered prevention strategies that build a school climate characterized by high academic and behavioral expectations for students in the context of supportive relationships. Schools should also adopt threat assessment as a systematic approach to evaluating and helping troubled students. The overarching idea is that making schools safe and supportive environments that foster student well-being and achievement is vital for the prevention of violence.

Promoting School Safety, School Climate, and Student Mental Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-136
Author(s):  
Amy Jane Griffiths ◽  
Elena Diamond ◽  
Zachary Maupin ◽  
James Alsip ◽  
Michael J. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
School Climate ◽  
School District ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intervention Implementation

The reduction of school violence requires a coordinated effort that enhances school climate and improves the sense of safety on campus. This chapter addresses the related topics of school violence, school safety, and school climate; provides an overview of the interactions among these constructs; and illustrates how they are directly linked to student mental and emotional well-being. A multidisciplinary approach is described that addresses these constructs, which are grounded in a school safety model that provides a foundation to promote students’ mental health. The process for moving toward action includes selecting an appropriate model for organizing intervention efforts, building a multidisciplinary team, developing a plan for assessment, and creating a systematic process for intervention implementation. Finally, a case study is provided to illustrate how a school district can interpret and implement these key components in the real world.

Methodological and Measurement Issues in School Violence Research

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Furlong ◽  
Gale M. Morrison ◽  
Dewey G. Cornell ◽  
Russell Skiba
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
Measurement Issues

Preventing school violence: assessing armed guardians, school policy, and context

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Crawford ◽  
Ronald Burns
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
School Safety ◽  
School Characteristics ◽  
School Security ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Grade Levels

Purpose – Recent highly publicized acts of violence and shootings on campus have prompted numerous crime prevention suggestions including having an armed presence in the schools. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of protective measures, policies, and school/neighborhood characteristics on school violence. Design/methodology/approach – The data used in this study were part of the School Survey on Crime and Safety collected in 2006. The dependent measures of school violence include reports of violence, threatened attack with a weapon, attack with weapon, and gun possession. The sample was divided into high schools and all other grades to consider differences in levels of school violence among grade levels in relation to various law enforcement security measures, school security measures, and school characteristics. Findings – Findings revealed mixed and often counterproductive results for law enforcement and school security efforts to control school violence. School characteristics, such as reports of bullying, location, and gang activity yielded numerous statistically significant findings. Policy recommendations and suggestions for future research are provided. Originality/value – This study differs from much of the previous literature, which typically examines student and administrator attitudes about victimization and crime prevention. The current study examines detailed information on the actual effects of school violence prevention efforts. Furthermore, this study moves beyond most other works (that typically focus on high schools) as it considers school safety approaches by different grade levels.

Reducing school violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Crawford ◽  
Ronald Burns
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Predominately White ◽  
School Violence Prevention

Purpose Recent highly publicized acts of violence and shootings on school campuses have prompted numerous crime prevention responses. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of protective measures such as law enforcement, security policies, and school/neighborhood characteristics on school violence within the context of the racial composition of the school and grade level. Design/methodology/approach The data used in this study were part of the School Survey on Crime and Safety collected in 2006. The dependent measures of school violence include reports of serious violence, physical attacks/fights, gun or knife possession, and threats and attacks with a weapon. The sample was divided by racial composition of the school (predominately white, and predominately minority schools) and by grade level (high schools, and all other grades). A negative binomial regression was conducted due the count-based dependent variables. Findings Findings revealed that minority schools often face higher levels of reported violence and had a heavier law enforcement presence, which often had mixed or counterproductive results for reducing school violence. School characteristics, such as reports of bullying, location, gang activity, and security measures yielded numerous statistically significant results. Research limitations/implications Officials proposing school violence prevention efforts should strongly consider the importance of school and community characteristics, most notably grade level, and the unique context of a predominately white or minority school as there were different statistically significant results. Furthermore, officials should be cautious about relying on simple efforts such as more security personnel to address school violence. Violence and crime on school grounds should not be viewed as being isolated from violence and other forms of crime in the community. Policy recommendations and suggestions for future research are provided. Originality/value This study differs from much of the previous literature, which typically examines student and administrator attitudes about victimization and crime prevention. The current study examines detailed information on the effects of school violence prevention efforts and moves beyond most other works as it considers school safety approaches within the context of racial composition of the school and by different grade levels.

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