MANAGING THE METROPOLIS: ECONOMIC CHANGE, INSTITUTIONAL REFORM AND SPATIAL PLANNING IN LONDON

This paper reviews the progress of banking reforms in China. Since 2002, the reform strategy has relied on publicly-financed bailouts, implementation of international best practices in bank governance and regulation, and listing of major banks in Hong Kong. The three largest banks have been stabilised, but we find little reason to expect this to be sustainable. Prudential indicators are comparable to international averages, but this is an outcome of bailouts and ongoing credit boom. Reforms of bank governance and regulatory frameworks that would alter banker’s incentives are implemented in a selective manner; principles that concentrate key powers in the centre are implemented vigorously, whereas those that require independent boards and regulators are ignored. Selectiveness of institutional reform means that the largest banks remain under state control and can be used as means of development policy for the better or the worse.

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Institutional Reform for Investment and Growth in South Eastern Europe

10.1596/26037 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Harry Broadman ◽

Jim Anderson ◽

Stijn Claessens ◽

Randi Ryterman ◽

Stefka Slavova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Institutional Reform ◽

South Eastern ◽

South Eastern Europe

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Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning

10.24193/jssp ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Spatial Planning

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Defining and assessing walkability: a concept for an integrated approach using surveys, biosensors and geospatial analysis

Urban Development Issues ◽

10.2478/udi-2019-0008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 5-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Linda Dörrzapf ◽

Anna Kovács-Győri ◽

Bernd Resch ◽

Peter Zeile

Keyword(s):

Spatial Planning ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Measurement Methods ◽

Transport Mode ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Spatial Environment ◽

Planning Processes ◽

Valuable Complement ◽

Definition Of

AbstractWalking as a transport mode is still often underrepresented in the overall transport system. Consequently, pedestrian mobility is usually not recorded statistically in the same manner as it is performed for motorised traffic which leads to an underestimation of its importance and positive effects on people and cities. However, the integration of walkability assessments is potentially a valuable complement in urban planning processes through considering important quantitative and qualitative aspects of walking in cities. Recent literature shows a variety of approaches involving discrepancies in the definition of walkability, the factors which contribute to it, and methods of assessing them. This paper provides a new understanding of the concept of walkability in the European context. Our approach relies on the extension of methodological competence in transportation, spatial planning and geography by linking new measurement methods for evaluating walkability. We propose an integrated approach to assessing walkability in a comprehensive methodology that combines existing qualitative and GIS-based methods with biosensor technologies and thus captures the perceptions and emotions of pedestrians. This results in an increased plausibility and relevance of the results of walkability analysis by considering the spatial environment and its effect on people.

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Can SPLUMA Play a Role in Transforming Spatial Injustice to Spatial Justice in Housing in South Africa?

Southern African Public Law ◽

10.25159/2522-6800/3526 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 26-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jeannie Van Wyk

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Reform ◽

Spatial Planning ◽

National Development ◽

Well Being ◽

Spatial Development ◽

Land Use Management ◽

Spatial Justice ◽

Spatial Environment

Our spatial environment is one of the most important determinants of our well-being and life chances. It relates to schools, opportunities, businesses, recreation and access to public services. Spatial injustice results where discrimination determines that spatial environment. Since Apartheid in South Africa epitomised the notion of spatial injustice, tools and instruments are required to transform spatial injustice into spatial justice. One of these is the employment of principles of spatial justice. While the National Development Plan (NDP) recognised that all spatial development should conform to certain normative principles and should explicitly indicate how the requirements of these should be met, the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013 (SPLUMA) contains a more concrete principle of spatial justice. It echoes aspects of both the South African land reform programme and global principles of spatial justice. Essentially section 7(a) of SPLUMA entails three components: (1) redressing past spatial imbalances and exclusions; (2) including people and areas previously excluded and (3) upgrading informal areas and settlements. SPLUMA directs municipalities to apply the principle in its spatial development frameworks, land use schemes and, most importantly, in decision-making on development applications. The aim of this article is to determine whether the application of this principle in practice can move beyond the confines of spatial planning and land use management to address the housing issue in South Africa. Central to housing is section 26 of the Constitution, that has received the extensive attention of the Constitutional Court. The court has not hesitated to criticize the continuing existence of spatial injustice, thus contributing to the transformation of spatial injustice to spatial justice. Since planning, housing and land reform are all intertwined not only the role of SPLUMA, but also the NDP and the myriad other policies, programmes and legislation that are attempting to address the situation are examined and tested against the components of the principle of spatial justice in SPLUMA.

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REGULATION URGENCY CONCERNING ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTION GUIDELINES IN SPACE ADMINISTRATION

Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum ◽

10.26532/jph.v6i3.9531 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rakhmat Bowo Suharto

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Welfare State ◽

Spatial Planning ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Spatial Development ◽

Administrative Sanction ◽

The Government ◽

The Welfare State

The spatial development can be supported by sustainable development, efforts are needed to divert space through the imposition of sanctions on administration in the spatial field. In the context of a legal state, sanctions must be taken while ensuring their legality in order to provide legal protection for citizens. The problem is, the construction of administrative regulations in Law No. 26 of 2007 and PP No. 15 of 2010 contains several weaknesses so that it is not enough to provide clear arrangements for administrative officials who impose sanctions. For this reason, an administration is required which requires administrative officials to request administrative approval in the spatial planning sector. The success of the regulation requires that it is the foundation of the welfare state principle which demands the government to activate people's welfare. 15 of 2010, the main things that need to be regulated therein should include (1) the mechanism of imposing sanctions: (2) determination of the type and burden of sanctions; and (3) legal protection and supervision by the region.

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