Regional Ecology: A Macroscopic Analysis of Sustenance Organization

Abstract Background Implantation of ventricular catheters (VCs) to drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a standard approach to treat hydrocephalus. VCs fail frequently due to tissue obstructing the lumen via the drainage holes. Mechanisms driving obstruction are poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the histological features of VC obstructions and identify links to clinical factors. Methods 343 VCs with relevant clinical data were collected from five centers. Each hole on the VCs was classified by degree of tissue obstruction after macroscopic analysis. A subgroup of 54 samples was analyzed using immunofluorescent labelling, histology and immunohistochemistry. Results 61.5% of the 343 VCs analyzed had tissue aggregates occluding at least one hole (n = 211) however the vast majority of the holes (70%) showed no tissue aggregates. Mean age at which patients with occluded VCs had their first surgeries (3.25 yrs) was lower than in patients with non-occluded VCs (5.29 yrs, p < 0.02). Mean length of time of implantation of occluded VCs, 33.22 months was greater than for non-occluded VCs, 23.8 months (p = 0.02). Patients with myelomeningocele had a greater probability of having an occluded VC (p = 0.0426). VCs with occlusions had greater numbers of macrophages and astrocytes in comparison to non-occluded VCs (p < 0.01). Microglia comprised only 2–6% of the VC-obstructing tissue aggregates. Histologic analysis showed choroid plexus occlusion in 24%, vascularized glial tissue occlusion in 24%, prevalent lymphocytic inflammation in 29%, and foreign body giant cell reactions in 5% and no ependyma. Conclusion Our data show that age of the first surgery and length of time a VC is implanted are factors that influence the degree of VC obstruction. The tissue aggregates obstructing VCs are composed predominantly of astrocytes and macrophages; microglia have a relatively small presence.

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Macroscopic Analysis of the Flow of Energy Into and Through Matter From Spectroscopic Measurements and Electromagnetic Theory

Measurements, Mechanisms, and Models of Heat Transport ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-809981-0.00002-4 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 35-73

Author(s):

Anne M. Hofmeister

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Theory ◽

Spectroscopic Measurements ◽

Macroscopic Analysis

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A New Approach for Macroscopic Analysis to Improve the Technical and Economic Impacts of Urban Interchanges on Traffic Networks

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing - Progress in Intelligent Decision Science ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-66501-2_47 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 595-610

Author(s):

Seyed Hassan Hosseini ◽

Ahmad Mehrabian ◽

Zhila Dehdari Ebrahimi ◽

Mohsen Momenitabar ◽

Mohammad Arani

Keyword(s):

Economic Impacts ◽

Traffic Networks ◽

New Approach ◽

Macroscopic Analysis

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Macroscopic analysis of dental and periodontal tissues of pig (Sus domesticus) exposed to high temperatures

Revista Estomatología ◽

10.25100/re.v21i1.5755 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

Sebastián Medina ◽

Sandra Henao ◽

Viviana Muñóz ◽

Carolina López ◽

Juan Esteban Gutiérrez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperatures ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Great Resistance ◽

Dental Identification ◽

Color Changes ◽

Dental Tissues ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Sus Domesticus ◽

Physical Changes ◽

Macroscopic Analysis

SUMMARYObjective: To describe the physical changesofmacro-structural dental tissues (enamel,dentin and cement) and periodontal(oral mucous membrane, alveolar compactbone and cancellous alveolar bone) ofdomestic pig (Sus domesticus) expose tohigh temperatures.Materials and methods: This descriptivestudy observed the physical changes in macro-structural dental tissues and periodontalin 25 teeth of domestic pigs subjected tohigh temperatures (200°C, 400°C, 600°C,800°C and 1000°C).Results: Dental and periodontal tissues studiedshow great resistance when subjectedto high temperatures without changing significantlytheir macro-structure. At 200°Cno color changes and cracks appear in theenamel. At 400°C there was an increase ofthe fissure and no separation between thehard tissues, initiating carbonization. At600°C fractures in the dental tissues andbone are most apparent. At 800°C burningof the tissues initiated. At 1000°C there wasno evidence of soft tissue.Conclusions: Macroscopic analysis of theteeth articulated in their alveolar-dentalunits constitutes a experimental model thatssimulates the changes of dental and periodontaltissues expose to high temperature.It is recommended to conduct astudy onhuman teeth in their respective unit articulatedalveolar to determine whether themacro-structural physical changes describedare repeated and can be extrapolated,and which can eventually be used duringthe process of dental identification anddocumentation of the medical legal autopsyused in the case of bodies or human remainsburned, charred and burned.Key words: Forensic dentistry, domesticpig (Sus domesticus), dental and periodontaltissues, temperature exposition, animalmodel.

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