Semantic change in the history of Spanish word formation

Author(s):  
Franz Rainer
1953 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Frederic Koenig
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-595
Author(s):  
Wolf Peter Klein

Abstract The article starts with the etymology of the words Vorlesung („lecture“) and Hörsaal (“lecture hall”). On the one hand, it turns out that the two expressions are deeply anchored in the history of the old Latin scientific language. They transmit Latin structures and perspectives in German neologisms. On the other hand, the two words arose exactly at the time when the sciences were moving from Latin to German, thus distancing themselves from the traditional forms of Latin scholarship. In this light, they exemplify an epochal change in the history of the German language, but at the same time they represent a great European continuity. Against this background, the two words can be interpreted as symptomatic words associated with the Enlightenment’s confident outlook on the future relationship between science and society. Further corpus linguistic surveys also show how productively the two words appear in word formation processes. In particular, these surveys show by way of example that and how German standard language has benefited from the emergence of German academic language.


2020 ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Maksym Bondarenko

The article analyzes structural, word-formation and morphological peculiarities of Ukrainian oikonyms motivated by plant names. The conducted research of fixed in the «History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR» and «Administrative and Territorial System of Ukraine» for 2019 (current list of Ukrainian oikonyms) confirmed the opinion of many linguists that the most productive way of creating names of settlements is the suffixation, on the other hand, far fewer units are formed with the help of compounding and prefixation. The following groups were distinguished on the basis of the analysis of oikonym-phrases formed from plant names: oikonym-phrase in which the noun is motivated by the plant name and the adjective indicates colour; oikonym-phrases in which one of the components is in the most cases an adjective motivated by plant name, and the main noun is one of the types of landscape, etc. We have considered some interesting oikonym-phrases which occur in all regions of Ukraine, for example, с. Кисла Дубина, с. Красні Лози, с. Мокра Рокитна etc. Some of the names of settlements have been significantly influenced by the Russian language, especially at the morphological level.


Author(s):  
Franz Rainer

All languages seem to have nouns and verbs, while the dimension of the class of adjectives varies considerably cross-linguistically. In some languages, verbs or, to a lesser extent, nouns take over the functions that adjectives fulfill in Indo-European languages. Like other such languages, Latin and the Romance languages have a rich category of adjectives, with a well-developed inventory of patterns of word formation that can be used to enrich it. There are about 100 patterns in Romance standard languages. The semantic categories expressed by adjectival derivation in Latin have remained remarkably stable in Romance, despite important changes at the level of single patterns. To some extent, this stability is certainly due to the profound process of relatinization that especially the Romance standard languages have undergone over the last 1,000 years; however, we may assume that it also reflects the cognitive importance of the semantic categories involved. Losses were mainly due to phonological attrition (Latin unstressed suffixes were generally doomed) and to the fact that many derived adjectives became nouns via ellipsis, thereby often reducing the stock of adjectives. At the same time, new adjectival patterns arose as a consequence of language contact and through semantic change, processes of noun–adjective conversion, and the transformation of evaluative suffixes into ethnic suffixes. Overall, the inventory of adjectival patterns of word formation is richer in present-day Romance languages than it was in Latin.


2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
M. A. Bondarenko

The paper explores the potential for use of "The Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language" by V. I. Dal in Russian lessons and extracurricular activities, including preparation of research project tasks. To achieve the objectives of the study, a literature review of sources (research, educational and methodological, official), observation, search method, comparative analysis, empirical data analysis, and modelling were employed in the research. A system of tasks designed with the help of Dal’s works is presented; such exercises can be used not only in vocabulary learning, but also while studying the history of the language and its word formation, syntax, punctuation, orthography. Moreover, these tasks facilitate the formation of research skills in extracurricular activity. In addition, it is suggested that Dal’s Dictionary be utilised in science teaching. The paper presents a variety of teaching activities such as lexical commentary, data collection, language warm-up exercises, analysis, imitation, entertaining tasks. It is concluded that V. I. Dal’s Dictionary has enormous potential for the formation of modern learners’ important competences. 


Language ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Robert Beard ◽  
Mervyn F. Lang

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