Commercial Property Insurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 553-579
Author(s):  
John Hanson
Risks ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-410
Author(s):  
Enrico Biffis ◽  
Erik Chavez

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Azmi Ariffin

Terdapat banyak masalah berhubung dengan pemegangan hartanah perdagangan sebagai satu bentuk pelaburan; Salah satu daripada risikonya yang tertinggi ialah kemungkinannya membawa kerugian, samada sebahagian maupun sepenuhnya, yang disebabkan oleh kebakaran atau lain-lain kemalangan sepertinya. Nilai hartanah yang musnah setiap tahun akibat dari sesuatu bentuk kebinasaan adalah sangat besar. Oleh itu mengadakan insuran yang sewajarnya ke atas hartanah amat diperlukan. Hal ini dapat digambarkan oleh beberapa malapetaka yang berlaku di negara ini sejak beberapa bulan yang lalu berkenaan dengan kehilangan hartanah. Dengan yang demikian polisi-polisi insuran seharusnya bersifat komprehensif, iaitu mahu menerima, dan dapat mempastikan bahawa setiap kehilangan akan diterima dalam satu bentuk atau sebagainya. Hartanah boleh diinsurankan di atas dua asas. Pertamanya ialah secara Indemniti, iaitu dengan cara menggantirugi harta yang telah musnah dan keduanya ialah dengan cara Reinstetmen, iaitu dengan memperbaiki atau memperbaharui hartanah berkenaan. Insuran yang berpolisi indemniti mempastikan bahawa pemilik hartanah itu tidak akan rugi dari segi kewangan akibat dari sebarang kerosakan ke atas hartanahnya. Insuran yang berpolisi reinstetmen pula memperuntukkan pembaikan atau penggantian sebarang kerosakan, agar hartanah berkenaan dibaiki semula kepada bentuknya yang asal setelah kerosakan itu terjadi. Beban untuk memulihkan nilai yang sesuai untuk penggunaan insuran jatuh terus ke atas pemilik hartanah yang diinsurankan. Pemberi insuran hanya akan menghitungkan premium insuran itu di atas jumlah yang berkenaan. Walaubagaimanapun apabila tuntutan dibuat, pemberi insuran itu akan menghitungkan nilai maksima satu-satu hartanah itu boleh diinsurankan dan ini dianggap sebagai nilai yang tertinggi bagi sesuatu perlindungan insuran. Selain daripada itu, jika nilai maksima ini lebih tinggi daripada nilai yang diinsurankan, peruntukan Pro Rata Average Clause biasanya dilaksanakan, dan hanya sebahagian daripada tuntutan itu akan diterima. Keterangan ini menerangkan asas-asas kedua-dua bentuk insuran dan cara mentaksirkan 'nilai maksima satu-satu hartanah itu boleh diinsurankan'. Di sini juga diterangkan perlaksanaan peruntukan Pro Rata Average Clause dan peruniukan-peruntukan yang istimewa yang harus ujud di dalam satu-satu polisi insuran untuk hartanah. Kesimpulan ini diakhiri dengan menekankan kepada tanggungjawab-tanggungjawab yang dihadapi oleh pengurus hartanah/penilai yang professional dalam memberi nasihat kepada pemilik hartanah mengenai sesuatu bahagian insuran hartanah yang semakin sulit dan mahal belanjanya. There are many problems related to holding commercial property as an Investment. One of the greatest risks is the possibility of total or partial loss by fire or other misfortune. The value of property destroyed each year by some form of damage is immense. The proper insurance of property is therefore of critical importance. This has been tragically illustrated by a number of recent local disasters concerning the loss of property. Insurance policies must therefore be comprehensive and ensure that any loss will be received in some form or other. There are two bases on which property may be insured, namely, Indemnity and Reinstatement. An Indemnity policy ensures that the property owner does not lose from a financial viewpoint following any damage to his property. A reinstatement policy makes provision for the repair or replacement of any damage so that the property is reconstructed in exactly the same manner after the damage has occurred as it existed beforehand. The onus for fixing a suitable value for insurance purposes falls directly on the Insured. The Insurer will calculate the insurance premium on this sum. However, when a claim is made, the insurer will calculate the 'full insurable value' of the property and this is taken as a ceiling value for insurance cover. Also, if the 'full insurable value is higher than the 'Insured value', the Pro Rata Average Clause is generally operated and only a proportion of the claim will be met. This paper explains the bases of both forms of insurance and the methods of assessing 'full insurable value'. It also explains the working of the Pro Rata Average Clause and the special provisions which ought to be incorporated in an insurance policy for property assets. Finally, the paper concludes by emphasising the responsibilities which face the professional property manager/valuer in advising the property owner in the subject area of property insurance, which is growing increasingly complicated and expensive.


1926 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-428
Author(s):  
Milton Wright
Keyword(s):  

1926 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
Milton Wright
Keyword(s):  

1926 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-316
Author(s):  
Milton Wright
Keyword(s):  

1926 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
Milton Wright
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Myroslav Kosіak ◽  
Inna Kosіak

The purpose of the article. The article considers the Blockchain technology asan innovative tool. In particular, the essence and background of the developmentof blocks, the principles and specifics of the functioning of the system, as well asthe scheme of its work, are determined. The article presents the prospects forusingdistributed registry technologies (blockchain) in various socioeconomic spheresrelated to state administration. Provided examples and forecasts of the use ofblockchain technologies in the provision of state and municipal services forindividuals and legal entities in the following areas: formation of a unified registercontaining the history of the placement of the state, municipal order, as well asprocurement of corporations with state participation and / or control; registers ofdocuments (diplomas, certificates, lost and disavowed passports, policies for movableand immovable property insurance, health, etc.); database of court decisions andexecutive proceedings; public participation portals for citizens of Ukraine district- city – country. The fact that the blockchain technology is, first of all, theprinciples, and not the only possible way of implementing them, allows us to counton maximum openness and multivariate application in a dynamically changingchanging«digital world». Methodology. The research methodology is to use a combinationof methods: analytical, historical, comparative. The scientific novelty. The priorityof state blockchain systems introduction in stationary and distant voting, distributeddocument circulation, medical data registration, land resources registration,electronic auctions (auctions) in Ukraine was grounded. Conclusions. Already today,blockchain systems can change the role and participation of citizens in the conductof the state-management process, by raising the responsibility level, from thetransparent will expression in the elections to regulating the government serviceactivity in the society’s digitization conditions. The main advantages blockchainsystems using by public authorities that will increase the level of citizens trust todigital technologies using in general, namely: reliability and reliability of datastorage, transparency of transactions and virtually absolute protection of informationfrom distortion and unauthorized removal (relocation), are determined. In furtherscientific research it is proposed to consider the promising areas of the blockchaindigital technology usage: service activities of public authorities, legal proceedings,property rights management, implementation of migration control, verification ofgoods and services, registration of data on passing qualifying tests, patenting,intellectual property, digital identification, logistics , taxation, accounting ofbudget funds movement.


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