The EU’s social dimension and its external trade relations

2015 ◽  
pp. 42-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Velluti
Keyword(s):  
Social Dimension ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Trade Relations

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL AND FINANCIAL COMPONENTS OF UKRAINE’S EXPORT GROWTH

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (8) ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
Kateryna ANUFRIIEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
International Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Credit Agency

Today, the state policy on export development is being improved and the export support tools are being implemented at the legislative level. Exporting economic entities form the demand for financial services, which would meet current conditions in the international market, as well as allow for unrestricted settlements with foreign counterparties, available financing of working capital and insurance provision of export operations in order to increase the competitiveness of such entities. The author substantiates importance of the centralized focus of export support efforts, determines the concept of “trade financing and insurance” as a source of resource and institutional support for export operations and highlights the positive aspects and problems arising from financing of export transactions and settlements with counterparties. The state of international cooperation on export issues and trends of the world trade are briefly mentioned. As is known, the Export and Credit agency (ECA), an institution for insurance and export support, has recently been established; however, its place, management, tasks and resource base are still being determined. Therefore, the article proposes a basic schematic model of the activities of this institution. The author emphasizes that increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian exporters and strengthening their confidence in them in the international market are especially important given the world trend of “de-risking”. De-risking is the limitation of cooperation with certain categories of clients or states (which Ukraine is sometimes included in) to avoid the risk of financing illicit activities, a person under sanctions, terrorism, and the like. The focus of further research the author suggests addressing such issues: (i) interaction of the state and private sectors with support of exports; (ii) determination of the product range of financial institutions servicing the subjects of foreign trade, as well as the ECA; (iii) impact of sanctions and restrictions on Ukraine’s foreign trade relations. Accelerating the development of exports and overcoming obstacles when concluding the external trade agreements and settlements will ultimately help Ukraine to take a niche among the world’s exporters and strengthen its own financial security.

The European Court of Justice and the EC External Trade Relations: A Legal Analysis of the Court's Problems with Regard to International Agreements

2003 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Leal-Arcas
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Intergovernmental Organization ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
European Court ◽  
Article 50

AbstractThis article explains why the WTOand the various agreements that form an integral part of the Agreement establishing the WTO raise problems and challenges for the Court of Justice of the European Communities (ECJ). It focuses on the role of the ECJ in relation to exclusive and shared competence. The European Community's (EC) specific problems and challenges for the ECJ are partly related to the EC's position in the WTO. In this sense, the opinion of Advocate General Tesauro in Hermès International v. FHT Marketing Choice is helpful for understanding the unitary character of the EC's external trade relations. This article includes a discussion of Hermès v. FHT Marketing concerning the interpretation of Article 50 of the Agreement on TRIPS, annexed to the 1994 Agreement establishing the WTO. The new mechanisms introduced by the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding are perhaps not comparable to the full judicial system within the EU, but they have changed both the rules and the legal culture concerning the adjudication and enforcement obligations. Although the WTO is still an intergovernmental organization, powerful private actors have already learned to manipulate the system to reach legal adjudication under the guise of intergovernmental disputes. This paper concludes that the EC wants to deny 'direct effect' to the WTO. This article offers the conclusion that we must aim at the creation of new standards to judge the applicability of international agreements. Otherwise, by allowing policy makers to decide rather than ECJ, the EC legal order may be at risk.

scholarly journals Peaceful warriors and warring peacemakers

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Social Function ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

Discourse and policy on war economies has tended to treat them as separate and distinct from both the pre- and post-conflict economy. In reality, war economies tend to represent simply more violent versions of the neo-patrimonialism and external trade relations that characterize many developing states both before and after conflict. Assuming that peace will inevitably resolve the legacies that war economies leave behind is thus a forlorn hope. In addition, the discourse and control agenda surrounding conflict trade has been constructed in a way that negatively affects peacebuilding. In particular, the focus on certain pariahs or specific conflict goods tends to understate the complexity of war economies and the social function they serve - features that persist into peace.

scholarly journals MOLDOVAN EXTERNAL TRADE WITH EU, CIS AND OTHER COUNTRIES: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-70
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
The European Union ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Physical Volume ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Laspeyres Index

The foreign trade of a state represents a determinant in assessing its economic statute among the neighbours and in the whole world. Actuality of the studied topic is determined by the changing trade relations that the Republic of Moldova is passing through in the last years. Republic of Moldova holds the necessary criteria for becoming a competitive country in the region in terms of the manufactured and marketed goods. The aim of the study is to evaluate the foreign trade of the Republic of Moldova, by emphasizing the main traded groups of products, trade partners as well as to analyze the average price index and physical volume index of imports and exports. The paper also comes with an analysis of re-export and re-import, which represent a peculiarity for our country’s trade pattern. Research methods that have been used within the paper are the following: analogy, systemic approach, statistical and scientific analysis, Laspeyres index method. The obtained results focus on the recovery of the foreign trade between 2015 and 2017 with higher revival rates of exports, and a growing reorientation of exports towards the European Union and other countries markets.

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