Financing environmental expenditures through the earmarking of taxes and charges

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-193
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Expenditures

scholarly journals Environmental Effects of Credit Allocation Structure and Environmental Expenditures: Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5865
Author(s):  
Qiming Yang ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Zhitao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Private Enterprises ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Credit Allocation ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Environmental Expenditures

This article studies how the allocation structure of bank credit capital between state-owned and private enterprises and government environmental expenditures affect environmental pollution in China. The present literature argues that credit allocation and government environmental expenditures may play an important role in environmental quality improvement. However, these studies rarely consider the credit allocation structure between State-owned enterprises (SOEs) and private enterprises; in addition, they overlook the interaction effects of credit allocation and government environmental expenditures. Based on these, we put forward three hypotheses. Moreover, the study applies relevant spatial data for 2011–2017 from 31 provinces in China to a spatial econometric model, and the results indicate that (1) environmental pollution among provincial regions shows a significant positive spatial autocorrelation. (2) Environmental expenditures and environmental pollution display an inverse U-shaped relationship, which supports the numerical simulation results. (3) The interaction effect of credit allocation structure and environmental expenditures on environmental pollution is significantly positive, which means that the allocation of more credit capital to private enterprises will restrain the effect of government environmental expenditures. With the increasing significance of environmental protection in China, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of private enterprises’ environmental pollution behavior, expand government expenditures on ecological protection, and promote regional collaborative environmental governance to improve environmental quality.

Legal Absurdities in the Legal Field and Methodology to Address them through the Example of Environmental Legislation

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Yu.L. Maksimenko ◽  
I.D. Gorkina ◽  
Z.A. Kuchkarov ◽  
S.N. Kochurov ◽  
D.E. Shumilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Environmental Expenditures ◽  
Favorable State ◽  
State Of The Environment

At present, according to experts evaluations, industrial enterprises in compliance with environmental legislation carry out environmental expenditures of the order of several hundred billion rubles. While not the entire volume of industrial environmental costs is associated with the maintenance of a favorable state of the environment, some of them appear due to various defects (contradictions, gaps) in environmental legislation, leading to the emergence of administrative barriers (absurdities).

Environmental Damage — Environmental Expenditures:

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Leipert ◽  
Udo Ernst Simonis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Environmental Expenditures

scholarly journals Assessing the Role of Environmental Expenditures and Green Transport in Emissions Released by Transport: An Application of ARDL Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Hussain ◽  
Cuifen Miao ◽  
Weitu Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Kaleem Khan ◽  
Zhiqing Xia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Environmental Expenditures

This study investigates the effects of transport and environmental factors on transport carbon dioxide emissions (TCO2). It employs cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lags for the estimation in the short and long runs and examines the panel time-series data from 2000 to 2020 in the OECD countries. This method allows heterogeneity in the dependencies and slope parameters across the countries. The results demonstrate that road and railway traffic movements increase the amount of TCO2 in the short and long runs. In addition, transport energy consumption is the driving factor in releasing TCO2 in the long run. Moreover, the joint effect of locomotives and transport energy consumption significantly reduces TCO2 in the short run. By contrast, the findings support the argument that environmental expenditures and green transport mitigate TCO2 in the long run. The findings also show an inverted u-shaped relationship between TCO2 and transport energy consumption. With the empirical findings as a basis, we suggest that the OECD countries should reduce traffic movements and enhance the environmental expenditures so that they may produce green transport vehicles to combat environmental issues.

scholarly journals Directions of changes in the functioning of economic instruments for environmental policy in Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Environmental Expenditures ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Review Reports

Environmental policy instruments allow to incorporate the problem of using the natural resources into the decision-making process of individual agents. One of the most efficient instruments for environmental protection are economic instruments, the indirect methods of influence on agents’ behavior. The aim of the article is to present the state of the Polish system of economic instruments in the light of other European countries’ experiences (especially European Union countries) and perspectives in the use of economic instruments for environmental policy during the coming years. The study is based on the literature review, reports ordered by the Polish Ministry of Environment and publications published by The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Environment Agency (EEA). The analysis suggests that economic instruments are widely used in Polish environmental policy. The main economic instruments in this policy are environmental charges and fines. Some of these charges and fines have been used in Polish environmental for several dozen years. Revenues from these instruments are earmarked for environmental expenditures. There are also some new, interesting economic instruments in Polish environmental policy, such as: deposit-refund systems, tradable energy certificates and emissions trading scheme. There are some opportunities for expanding the use of economic instruments for environmental policy in Poland. For example, there could be increased use of some environmental charges or taxes, and the environmental insurance. Poland could also implement an environmental tax reform.

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